Approaches to Integrated Water Management – Case Stories of Applied Solutions.
Presented by Torsten Jacobsen, Hydrologist (MSc, PhD), Water Resources Department, DHI.
ESI Annual Conference – Wednesday 20th June 2012.
1. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
Case Stories of Applied Solutions
Torsten Jacobsen
Hydrologist (MSc, PhD),
Water Resources Department, DHI
tvj@dhigroup.com
20 years experience from consultany project around the world, mainly in integrated water management and
integrated hydrological modelling.
2. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
DHI in brief
International research and specialised consultancy organisation within most
aspects of water.
• Software (MIKE by DHI) 6%
5%
Core Funding for R&D
(Performance
Contract)
• Present focus on Decision Support Systems Commissioned R&D
(R&D Contracts)
19% Software Sales
Equipment Sales
(Other Products)
Specialized
2%
Consultancy
68%
8% 1%
6% 24%
Denmark
Rest of EU
Rest of Europe
16% Middle East
Africa
Subsidiaries Asia
Australia etc.
Offices 3% North America
Head office 2% South America
1%
39%
DHI work both as consultants and as tool builders – ‘in-built knowledge’
3. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
‘Integration trends’ seen from a DHI perspective
‘Traditional approaches’ ‘ New and upcoming approaches and trends’
IWRM / WFD CUSTOMISED IT SYSTEMS
Policies and principles of multi Deliverables integrating with
sector and stakeholder clients IT infrastructure, web
involvement in the process based water management tools
Nile Basin DSS – a platform
for IWRM WFD Program of Measures,
Denmark
PHYSICAL INTEGRATION REAL TIME AND PLANNING
SW/GW managed as one Integration of operational and
resource, integrated and planning systems for water
dynamically linked modeling management
tools
MIKE SHE – Mike Urban CARM – Computer Aided River
modeling tools used in climate Management, Murrumbidge,
change adaptation AUS
4. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
Decision support systems / Information Systems
On-line, real time operational DSS and water planning DSS platforms
Policy Makers / Managers
• Investment strategies
• performance indicators
• weightings (MCA) • operations (day-to-day)
• socio economics
DSS
• water use strategies
Modelling • problem identification
and Analysis • scenario analysis • stakeholder involvement
Exchange and access to • access to data • trust building
• sharing of data
data and information
• Institutional issues
• data safety
Data • data visualisation
• data processing • data ownership
Technicians / Engineers
5. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
IWRM - The NB DSS Project
Client : Nile Basin Initiative, Water Resources
Management Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Lead Consultant : DHI
Sub-consultants:
• Riverside Technologies, USA
• Mott MacDonald, UK
• Tropics Consultants, Ethiopia.
• Funding : World Bank
• Project Period (May 2009 – December 2012)
• Project Scope (WP1 : IT Project)
– Software Requirement Analysis
– Software Architecture and Design
– Software Development and Testing
– Proof-of-concept
• WP2 (NB DSS Application within the Nile Basin)
– Software Testing
– Full scale application
6. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
Why a Nile Basin DSS? t
Objective:
To enhance capacity to support basin wide communication, information
exchange, and identifying trans-boundary opportunities for cooperative
development of the Nile Basin water resources based on IWRM.
The Nile Basin DSS is expected is a tool to be used by all riparian
countries in the management of the shared Nile water resources.
Regional level (Regional Nile Basin DSS Center,(NBI, Addis Ababa)
Sub Regional Level (ENTRO (Eastern Nile), NELSAP (Nile Equatorial Lakes)
National Level, DSS units in each of the 9 countries.
7. NB DSS - Areas of Concern
(determined through stakeholder consultation)
Water resources development: main focus on interventions that alter the time and space
distribution of water in the basin; involve physical structures.
Optimal water resources utilization: Main focus on those planning decisions required to
enhance utilization of available water resources, mainly through non-structural interventions.
Energy development (hydropower): focuses on development of hydropower potentials in the
basin.
Rain-fed and irrigated agriculture: area focuses on assessing current productivity and
production levels of both rain-fed and irrigated agriculture supporting efforts to increase food
production through relevant interventions, such as in the planning of irrigated agriculture.
Coping with floods: main focus in the first phase of the DSS shall be to provide information on
characteristics of flood prone areas, flow generation, assessing impacts (or benefits) of storage
reservoirs on flood control, etc.
Coping with droughts: support drought management efforts, including the planning for
adaptation to climate change and variability.
Watershed and Sediment Management: evaluation of impacts of alternative land use/cover on
the hydrology of the river system, the estimation of sediment yield, and reservoir sedimentation.
Navigation: focus to identify how navigation might be affected by contemplated interventions and
support efforts to minimize the adverse impacts. In addition, navigation benefits shall be
considered in the planning and management of storage schemes.
Cross cutting issues: Climate change and water quality
8. DSS Platform
System Characteristics
• State-of-the-art IT technology
• Client-server system
• Customisable / extendable
• Open Interfaces / scriptable
• Link to DHI models and other models
Customized Solu-
tions that build on a
shared/generalised
platform
Model Data Scenario
Tools Management Management Reporting Analysis
MCA
CBA Flood Reduction Investment Alternatives Evaluation
Ensemble 4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0 Performance
Value
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Water Supply
Baseline Flood Control
Alt 1 Pop. Displace.
Alt 2
Sedimentation
Alt 3
Cost
Alt 4 Criteria
Alternatives
Alt 5 Total weighted
9. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
Integration between groundwater and surface water
MIKE SHE Features :
• Integrated
Fully dynamic coupling
• Distributed
Spatial and temporal
variation of input data
and parameters
• Physically based
Basic flow processes, physical
interpretation of model
parameters,direct use of field data
• Comprehensive
‘All-in-one’-model
10. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
Integrating catchment hydrology and urban hydrology (MIKE SHE – MIKE URBAN)
Runoff
Infilltration
Sewer-aquifer leakage
Infilltration
• Provides a full description of urban
hydrological processes (GW and SW)
• Sewer system receives considerable inflow
from groundwater affceting cost-effectiveness
of water treatment plants
• Climate change catchment models will have
to incorporate both ‘rural’ and ‘urban’ features
11. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
What is Computer Aided River Management ? CARM, Murrumbidgee NSW-AUS
12. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
CARM System Area - Murrumbidgee Catchment
Murrumbidgee
Irrigation Area
Coleambally
Irrigation Area
Catchment area = 87,300 sq km
1300 km, dams to Balranald
Annual average flow 4200GL
13. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
Challenges for Daily River Operations and Seasonal Planning
• Meeting water orders, while conserving available dam water, taking into account:
– Water orders may change
– Catchment inflow contributions
– River conditions (low and high flows produce variable travel times)
– Potential losses and gains
– Available storages and levels in weirs
• Constraints:
– Manual, daily operation relies on judgement and experience
– Limited ability to use real time and forecast data (flows, rainfall, demands)
– “Known unknowns” – tributary inflows, river seepage, evapotranspiration and
evaporation losses
– Lack of real river hydraulics
– Aging operations technology
14. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
CARM Components
• River hydraulics and catchment hydrology computer simulation tools
• Real time information used to its maximum potential (“self correcting”)
• Forecast of catchment inflows, river losses and gains
• Optimisation of dam and weir releases
Irrigation
water demand
(MIKE BASIN) River
Catchment Losses/Gains
Inflows (MIKE 11 (MIKE SHE)
RR NAM)
River dynamics
and storage
(MIKE 11) Real Time Data Optimized
Assimilation releases
(MIKE 11 DA) (MIKE
AUTOCAL)
15. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
Real Time Data Usage and Optimisation
Real time data assimilation to flow
and level gauges
Optimisation to calculate releases
needed to meet future irrigation and
environmental demands, considering
river inflow and loss, river storage
Model Self
Forecast Period
Correction
16. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
A web based tool for WFD Program of Measures analysis
• Local authorities are faced with implementing cost effective WFD plans
• Shared responsibility in catchments, need for shared data and methods
• How best to spend tax payers money to maximise environmental benefits
• Need for a transparent screening and overall assessment tool
• The tool based on standard GIS layers
Web-GIS tool
Google Earth
GIS
17. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
A web based tool for WFD Program of Measures analysis
Simple concept
1. Selector query source locations (point sources or diffuse sources)
2. Assign a measure from a pre-defined (and expandable) list of measures
(associated with e.g N, P and BOD effects, costs and cost-effectiveness) and
a simplified physical index for rivers.
3. Repeat, checking for all relevant water bodies and reduction targets
(upstream to downstream) to create a full catchment Program of Measures
4. Execute calculation considering river topology, GW and lake retention
5. Evaluate results, compliance, total cost estimates, cost effectiveness of
applied measures (Excel outputs)
Can be learned in 30 minutes and allows many possible scenarios to be
evaluated (as opposed to more complex catchment models)
18. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
A web based tool for WFD Program of Measures analysis
First generation DK water plans blamed for lack of focus, transparency
and cost-effectiveness by agricultural sector. A more site specific
assessment requested.
A current PhD study supported by DHI using the POM tool demonstrates
significant potential for higher cost-effectiveness in water plans (Roskilde
Fjord case).
The POM screening tool will be further developed to address net CO2-
emission effects and highlight conflicts in minumum flow requirements
versus abstraction
19. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
Basin scale load and water quality modeling tools
Following identification of feasible scenarios using the POM tool comprehensive effect models may be used
An elaboration of MIKE SHE, MIKE11 and EcoLab to adress WFD requirments and diffuseloads
Input : Nitrate leakage from root zone Basin WQ model
Groundwater
Shallow Groundwater
Deep Groundwater
Coastal waters Surface water
Wetland Riparian
zone
Output Temp.
flooding
Cost-benefit calculations
of management scenarios
Lakes
WQ modeling of the fjord
20. Approaches to Integrated Water Management –
Conclusion
• Increased need for Integration of modelling tools in Catchment Management
• Tailoring of both model specifics and decision support systems for individual clients.
• Move to extensive dynamic model couplings in catchment models
• Improvements in sensor technologies allow improved data assimilation and
optimisation
• Clients are looking to base decisions for Integrated Catchment Management on
tailored, user friendly, multi user platforms rather than by a traditional model interface
….
or perhaps as games (http://aquarepublica.com/) UNEP funded Serious IWRM game