Injecting Drug Use, HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Harm Reduction Strategies
1. Injecting Drug Use, HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Harm Reduction Strategies Fabio Mesquita, MD, PhD Harm Reduction Adviser IHPCP - Indonesia Pertemuan Nasional HIV & AIDS Ke – 3 Surabaya – 2007
7. Guiyang Kunming Mandalay Yangon Chiang Mai Bangkok Hanoi Vientian e Phnom Penh Ho Chi Minh City Songkhla MYANMAR LAOS CAMBODIA THAILAND VIETNAM CHINA Hong Kong MAJOR HEROIN TRAFFICKING ROUTES IN SE Asia Source: UNODC Regional Centre for East Asia and the Pacific Courtesy BBC World
8. HIV/AIDS Hepatitis B, C and D Overdoses Hepatic chronic diseases Co-Morbidity with Mental Health Addiction Abscesses Endocarditic Syphilis, Malaria, HTLV, etc Tuberculosis/Other Respiratory diseases Car accident Occupational Accidents Violent deaths HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
9. Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV as of end 2005 Total: 40.3 (36.7 – 45.3) million Western & Central Europe 720 000 [570 000 – 890 000] North Africa & Middle East 510 000 [230 000 – 1.4 million] Sub-Saharan Africa 25.8 million [23.8 – 28.9 million] Eastern Europe & Central Asia 1.6 million [990 000 – 2.3 million] South & South-East Asia 7.4 million [4.5 – 11.0 million] Oceania 74 000 [45 000 – 120 000] North America 1.2 million [650 000 – 1.8 million] Caribbean 300 000 [200 000 – 510 000] Latin America 1.8 million [1.4 – 2.4 million] East Asia 870 000 [440 000 – 1.4 million]
20. ARV availability in low and middle income countries, according to geographical region. June, 2005* Source: “Progress on Global Access to HIV Antiretroviral Therapy, June 2005 update, World Health Organization Region Number of people receiving ARVs Estimated need Coverage Sub-Saharan Africa 500,000 4,700,000 11% East, South and South-East Asia 155,000 1,100,000 14% North Africa and Middle East 4,000 75,000 5% Eastern Europe and Central Asia Central 20,000 160,000 13% Latin America and the Caribbean 290,000 465,000 62% Total 970,000 6,500,000 15% (Average) *Adults only, average figures
21. AIDS Hospital Admissions in Public Health System in Post HAART Era. Brazil (1996-2001) Source: MOH, 2002
24. Distribution of PCP, Toxoplasmosis and Tuberculosis in Reported AIDS Cases to MOH (Brazil, 1981-2001) Source: MOH, 2002 HAART
25. Estimate of HIV Infected Individuals (among 15 a 49 years old) by year 2000 Word Bank Projection (1992) Brazilian MOH Estimate (2000) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Thousands 1,200,000 600,000 MOH, 2002 50%
26. Dados de Casos de AIDS no Brasil Gráfico 1 – Casos de aids segundo ano de diagnóstico. Brasil, 1980-2003. Fonte: MS/SVS/PN DST e Aids/SINAN.
27. INDONESIAN RESPONSE FOR HIV/AIDS CRISIS AMONG AND FROM IDUS First AIDS case in Indonesia: 1987 First case in IDU: 1995 First Harm Reduction Project: 1999 Ongoing: NEP. Methadone, CST for IDUs
28. Grafik 1: Jumlah Kasus AIDS di Indonesia 10 Tahun Terakhir Berdasarkan Tahun Pelaporan sd 31 Maret 2006 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Figure 1 : Number of AIDS Cases in Indonesia in Last 10 Years up to March 31, 2006