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Today: Total Internal Reflection, Refraction,  Dispersion, Rainbows ,[object Object],[object Object],Spectacular rainbow, late afternoon Sweden, 1999.  http://www.atoptics.co.uk/index.htm
HW Question Tom Decaro—Sunlight reflections through a diffraction grating
Tom Decaro—Sunlight reflections through a diffraction grating
Tom Decaro -- Fluorescent lights through a diffraction grating
Analisa Goodman—Fluorescent lights through a diffraction grating
Homework problem ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Visible range Images:wikipedia
Conservation of energy  in lighting Electrical Energy Heat flow Invisible photons Visible photons In winter, these are beneficial for heating the room Lighting Efficiency Visible photons Electrical Energy
First off, let’s experiment with refraction Key Concept Compared with speed in a vacuum  (300 million meters per second) Light travels SLOWER inside matter
Clicker Question--Refraction ,[object Object],A B C Air Glass
Clicker Question -- Refraction ,[object Object],Reflection:  Angle of reflection = angle of incidence Refraction:  Imagine the wave as a two wheeled   cart encountering a boundary A B C Air Glass FAST SLOW
Total internal reflection (TIR) ,[object Object],Air glass “ Evanescent” Wave Total internal reflection Let’s try a laser demo again
TIR is a key for fiber optic communication Air glass http://www.fiberoptic-connectors.com/images/reflection.gif
TIR enables a special surface microscopy technique Air glass “ Evanescent” Wave Excite fluorescence in cell  with evanescent wave www.olympusamerica.com Red = TIRF Green = regular
[object Object],[object Object],Is it possible to have a total internal reflection prevent someone from seeing a coin at the bottom of a pool?
[object Object],[object Object],Is it possible to have a total internal reflection prevent someone from seeing a coin at the bottom of a pool?
Clicker Question—Speed of light ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clicker Question—Speed of light ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],No!  This is called  dispersion  and because of this,  different colors have different angles of refraction! Let’s see if we can do this with sunlight…
Demos Prisms Acrylic sphere rainbow http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQukmSPctks&feature=related
Rainbows are the result of dispersion inside spherical  raindrops (close to 1 millimeter in size) NOT THIS SHAPE! Higher frequencies Refract MORE Each raindrop emits it’s own “fan” For a given raindrop, your eye will only see rays of particular angle. http://www.atoptics.co.uk/ http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us
These special angles form a 3-D cone… which you see as a portion of a  CIRCLE “ Primary rainbow” = one reflection http://www.atoptics.co.uk/rainbows/primrays.htm
Two reflections allow light to go in other directions And produce the  secondary rainbow Two reflections http://www.atoptics.co.uk/rainbows/orders.htm
 
Rainbow facts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rainbow colors are not exactly the same as through a prism (or diffraction grating)…what differences do you notice? Rainbow Prism Diffraction Grating
Rainbows differ from regular prism spectra, because colors overlap Website demo http://www.sundog.clara.co.uk/rainbows/primrays.htm
Why is it dark between the primary and secondary rainbow? http://www.atoptics.co.uk/rainbows/adband.htm Alexander’s dark band Spectacular rainbow, late afternoon Sweden, 1999.  http://www.atoptics.co.uk/index.htm
Reflection Bows
Clicker…which bow is formed by the reflection? A B
Go to this website for many fascinating atmospheric phenomena! http://www.atoptics.co.uk/

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  • 1.
  • 2. HW Question Tom Decaro—Sunlight reflections through a diffraction grating
  • 3. Tom Decaro—Sunlight reflections through a diffraction grating
  • 4. Tom Decaro -- Fluorescent lights through a diffraction grating
  • 5. Analisa Goodman—Fluorescent lights through a diffraction grating
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  • 7. Conservation of energy in lighting Electrical Energy Heat flow Invisible photons Visible photons In winter, these are beneficial for heating the room Lighting Efficiency Visible photons Electrical Energy
  • 8. First off, let’s experiment with refraction Key Concept Compared with speed in a vacuum (300 million meters per second) Light travels SLOWER inside matter
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  • 12. TIR is a key for fiber optic communication Air glass http://www.fiberoptic-connectors.com/images/reflection.gif
  • 13. TIR enables a special surface microscopy technique Air glass “ Evanescent” Wave Excite fluorescence in cell with evanescent wave www.olympusamerica.com Red = TIRF Green = regular
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  • 18. Demos Prisms Acrylic sphere rainbow http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQukmSPctks&feature=related
  • 19. Rainbows are the result of dispersion inside spherical raindrops (close to 1 millimeter in size) NOT THIS SHAPE! Higher frequencies Refract MORE Each raindrop emits it’s own “fan” For a given raindrop, your eye will only see rays of particular angle. http://www.atoptics.co.uk/ http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us
  • 20. These special angles form a 3-D cone… which you see as a portion of a CIRCLE “ Primary rainbow” = one reflection http://www.atoptics.co.uk/rainbows/primrays.htm
  • 21. Two reflections allow light to go in other directions And produce the secondary rainbow Two reflections http://www.atoptics.co.uk/rainbows/orders.htm
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  • 24. Rainbow colors are not exactly the same as through a prism (or diffraction grating)…what differences do you notice? Rainbow Prism Diffraction Grating
  • 25. Rainbows differ from regular prism spectra, because colors overlap Website demo http://www.sundog.clara.co.uk/rainbows/primrays.htm
  • 26. Why is it dark between the primary and secondary rainbow? http://www.atoptics.co.uk/rainbows/adband.htm Alexander’s dark band Spectacular rainbow, late afternoon Sweden, 1999. http://www.atoptics.co.uk/index.htm
  • 28. Clicker…which bow is formed by the reflection? A B
  • 29. Go to this website for many fascinating atmospheric phenomena! http://www.atoptics.co.uk/