Intervención de Inés Romero, ABB, en el marco de la jornada técnica Smartgrids - The making of, en colaboración con IMDEA 3 de noviembre de 2010

1. 3rd November 2010, Madrid. Inés Romero
Smart grids
More efficient and reliable grids
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 1

2. Agenda
Drivers and challenges
How future electric systems must perform
Smart grids and applications
Worldwide on-going projects
Conclusions
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 2

3. Today’s energy challenge – growing demand
Electricity demand rising twice as fast
China
Europe and
105% 195%
North America
11% 31%
India
M. East and
South
Africa
America
126% 282%
56% 81% 73% 131%
Growth in primary Growth in electricity IEA forecast
energy demand demand 2006-30
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 3

4. Major challenge: improving reliability
# disturbance
events in US
Source: FERC 2008
In U.S. the annual cost of system disturbances is an estimated $80 billion*
Commercial ($57 billion), industrial ($20 billion) and residential ($3 billion)
sectors affected
Most cost ($52 billion) due to short momentary interruptions
* Berkley National Laboratory 2005
Poor reliability is a huge economic disadvantage
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 4

5. Two major ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources
45 550* 450*
Annual emission of CO2 in Gigatons
policy policy
scenario scenario
40 9% Nuclear
14% Carbon capture
and sequestration
35 23% Renewables
Energy efficiency
30 54%
25 * ppm concentration in the atmosphere
20
Source
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 IEA 2008
Reference scenario 550 policy scenario 450 policy scenario
Energy efficiency and renewable power generation
could provide almost 80 percent of the targeted reduction
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November 10, 2010 | Slide 5

6. Major challenge: environmental concerns
10 Electricity plants
Annual emission of CO2 in Gigatons Source: IPCC “Mitigation
9 of Climate Change”,
Cambridge University
8 Press, 2007
7
6
Industry (excl. cement)
5
Road transport
4 Residential and service sector
Deforestation
3
Others
2 Refineries etc
1 International transport
0
1970 1980 1990 2000
CO2 is responsible for 80 percent of all greenhouse gas effects
More than 40 percent of CO2 is generated by traditional power plants
Electric power generation is the largest single source CO2 emissions
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 6

7. Agenda
Drivers and challenges
How future electric systems must perform
Smart grids and applications
Worldwide on-going projects
Conclusions
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 7

8. Smart grid value proposition
Four main areas of emphasis
Capacity for increasing demand
Providing the backbone of the future electrical system
Reliability of electricity supply
Upgrades and new installations to meet the future challenges
Efficiency along the value chain
Actions to mitigate climate change
Sustainability by integrating renewable
Regulatory influence and customer behavior are critical
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 8

9. Economic build up of capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Reliability
Investment in global grid infrastructure is estimated to total $6 trillion by
Efficiency 20301
Sustainability
Present grids can be refurbished to operate at full capacity without
compromising safety
New installations must provide maximum flow of energy to any location in
the grid
In 2020 the fleet of electric cars could reach 40 million world wide, around 2
percent of the cars on the road by then1
The infrastructure for charging the vehicles has to be built
Fast charging options cannot be provided by the current grid infrastructure
The future electrical system must be used at its full capacity
and must be able to cope with new challenges
1
Source: IEA
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November 10, 2010 | Slide 9

10. Electrical energy all the time, everywhere
Reliability in Transmission systems
Capacity
Reliability
Safe operation with minimum reserves is
Efficiency the most economic way of operating PS
Sustainability
Systems must be designed for utmost
reliability and maximum power quality
Impact of unavoidable faults must be
limited to local areas
Immediate restoration of full
performance is essential
The European grid covers the whole continent
The future electrical system must provide a completely
reliable energy supply without interruptions
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 10

11. Electrical energy all the time, everywhere
Reliability in Distribution systems
Capacity Distribution grids are pending from a large
Reliability
Efficiency
scale implementation of technologies to support
Sustainability
remote monitoring and control
automated switching
fast fault location
Resulting in
reduced outage time
increased power quality
improved maintenance
Reliability of power distribution is of prime importance in
future electrical systems
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 11

12. Power generation and grid coupling
Efficiency
Capacity Conversion efficiency of primary energy to
Reliability Conversion efficiency electricity is steadily increasing
Efficiency
Sustainability Advanced process control adds to the overall
traditional efficiency
power plants
Equipment and systems to couple generation to
the grid are becoming more efficient
Transformers
An improvement of only 1% in efficiency can save
AC-DC 100 million tons of CO2 (emission of 50 M cars1)
solar plants
converters
Estimates allocate a double digit energy saving
Substations potential in power generation2
wind farms
1 at 200g/km of CO2 emission and 10,000 km/year
Process improvement
2 Graus: Energy policy 2007; Gielen: IEA 2007
distributed
generation
In future electric systems highly efficient power
generation is mandatory
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November 10, 2010 | Slide 12

13. Saving potential in transmission and distribution
Efficiency
Capacity Losses of electrical energy in the grid can reach 6-10 %
Reliability
Efficiency Aging equipment with lower efficiency and thermal losses in conductors are
Sustainability
the main reasons
Inefficient distribution transformers account for about 30 percent of losses
Network losses in EU are an estimated 50 TWh, the annual consumption of
13 million households1
1Source:
European
Commission
In future electrical systems losses
must be reduced significantly
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 13

14. Integrating renewable power
Bridging long distances (Sustainability)
Capacity
Reliability
Large hydropower plants
Efficiency offer the biggest contribution
Sustainability
to renewable energy over
the next 20 years
Several gigawatts of power
must be transported over
thousands of kilometers to
the centers of consumption
Technologies for economic
and reliable transport are
required
The future electrical system must provide viable solutions
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 18

15. Integrating renewable power
Intermittent power generation (Sustainability)
Capacity Electricity from wind and solar
Reliability
Efficiency
plants is intermittent
Sustainability
Spinning reserves between 5
and 18 percent of installed wind
energy are required1
Plant interconnections and a
wide range of storage
technologies could reduce the
need for reserves
1
Wind impact on power system, Bremen 2009
The future electrical system must be able
to cope with these challenges
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 19

16. Agenda
Drivers and challenges
How future electric systems must perform
Smart grids and applications
Worldwide on-going projects
Conclusions
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 22

17. Smart electricity – efficient power for a sustainable
world
A smart grid is the evolved system
that manages the electricity demand
in a
sustainable, reliable and economic manner
built on
advanced infrastructure
and tuned to facilitate
the integration of behavior of all involved
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 23

18. The visionary smart grid
Summing up the major requirements
Capacity Upgrade/install capacity economically
Provide additional infrastructure (e-cars)
Reliability Stabilize the system and avoid outages
Provide high quality power all the time
Improve efficiency of power generation
Efficiency Reduce losses in transport and consumption
Connect renewable energy to the grid
Sustainability Manage intermittent generation
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 24

19. Smart grids
Focus of activities
Focus area Activities
Distribution grid automation • Network Management for distribution grids
• Intelligent equipment
• Distribution communication
e-Mobility • EV charging infrastructure
• Grid intelligence
• On board and manufacturing segment
• Storage services
Demand response – • Home / building automation
• Demand response applications
Commercial and Domestic • Connectivity to grid
Distributed generation • Residential / community renewables
• Networked CHP and other generation
integration • Micro and Personal grids
• MV / LV DC grids
Distributed storage • Building / community level storage.
(<1MW) • Micro and Personal grids
• V2G
Bulk storage • Integration of large scale battery storage
(>1MW) • Mitigation of renewable intermittency
© ABB Group
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 25

20. Smart Cities
Integration into the Smart Grid
Storage of
peak supply
power in car
batteries
(future)
Local distribution
grid extensions
Charging
Battery switch stations:
scheduling for
•Storage
residential areas
•Power quality services
Used car batteries
Ultra-fast charging stations: as central storage
•Storage capacity
•Power quality services
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 27

21. Distribution Automation
Integration of Power and Information
Distribution Control Center
Network management SCADA/DMS
OMS with AMR/AMI connection
Models sub-transmission and distribution
(including medium- and low voltage) networks
Workforce management
Primary Substation Automation
Protection
Monitoring and control
Automatic functions
Information refinement
MV/LV Network Automation (FA)
Protection
Monitoring and control
Automatic functions
Information refinement
Home/Building Automation
Smart metering (AMR/AMI)
Smart home integration (demand response)
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 |
© ABB Group Slide 28
November 10, 2010 | Slide 28

22. Demand Response
Addressing the temporary change in electricity consumption
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 29

23. Demand Response
Peak Load reduction
Use more efficient production Generally utilities run 10-20% of
units their capacity less than 1-3% of
Use less costly production units the time
Use units with less emission
Improved utilization of the grid
capacity
Spinning reserve within seconds addressed by emergency dispatch
of demand response
Balance power within 1-24 hours addressed by active consumers
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 30

24. Grid applications for energy storage
SVC Light with Storage
Grid connection of renewable
generation
Backup power
Continuous reactive power support
Eventual reactive power support
Intermittent loads of a railway
Emergency and short-time power
Integration of electric vehicles
Peak-load shaving
Ancillary services
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 31

25. PV and Energy Storage interaction
Residential application in a building
40-50 apartment As a vital part of an active building, energy
storage primary has the following tasks:
To provide load support during a few
hours per 24 h.
DC
25 EV’s
To store excess energy produced
AC
locally (PV) when the grid or the local
consumers for whatever reason can
slow
charging
not use.
appliances
control
automation To control and dynamically stabilize
the voltage.
Filter
AC
DC
Battery To mitigate harmonics, unbalances
Control
and voltage dips and thereby provide
a high power quality.
LV
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 32

26. ABB understands the system behind the charging
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© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 34

27. Agenda
Drivers and challenges
How future electric systems must perform
Smart grids and applications
Worldwide on-going projects
Conclusions
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 37

28. Progress Update – CEU
Smart Grid in Malta. First Smart Grid Island
Partner: IBM, Enemalta Corporation, Water Services Corporation Malta
Target: Building a Smarter Energy and Water Systems to deliver affordable and
secure energy
Challenges:
Integrate Utilities Business systems
conduct remote monitoring, meter reading and real-time management of the network
based on IT
Results:
Active demand: Real-time monitoring and smart meters can deliver pricing based on
time of day, enabling the utility to better manage energy consumption and customers to
cut their electrical bills.
Malta residents will also be able to track their energy use online and see how to curb
consumption habits.
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 38

29. Progress Update – NEU
Stockholm City (Stockholm Royal Seaport)
Customers – Stockholm Municipality and the utility FORTUM
Showcase Urban Smart Grid will be part of and supporting a larger showcase
for a Sustainable City concept
Demonstrate climate positive strategies, setting a compelling environmental
and economic example for cities to follow.
Selected as one of 18 global projects supported by Clinton Climate Initiative
Program for sustainable urban growth
Scope and ABB deliverables
Integration of Electrical Vehicles, Demand Response, Active House,
integration of Local Decentralized Renewable Production, Energy Storage,
Substation Automation ,Ship to Shore and an Innovation Center.
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 39

30. Agenda
Drivers and challenges
How future electric systems must perform
Smart grids and applications
Worldwide on-going projects
Conclusions
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 47

31. Smart grids will contribute significantly to mitigating
climate change
Today With smart grids
<13% variable renewables >30% variable renewables
penetration penetration
5% demand response systems 15% demand response
>1% consumer generation systems
used on the grid 10% consumer generation used
47% generation asset on the grid
utilization 90% generation asset utilization
50% transmission asset 80% transmission asset
utilization utilization
30% distribution asset 80% distribution asset
utilization utilization
Source: DOE and NETL
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 48

32. We all have a part to play
Everyone must reconsider their own
individual energy consumption
Politicians must set up incentives to
save energy and commit to global
CO2 reductions
Energy markets and all stakeholders
must actively participate in efforts to
reduce consumption and optimize
efficiency
© ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 49

33. © ABB Group
November 10, 2010 | Slide 50