The document discusses the ongoing Ebola outbreak in West Africa. It provides statistics from the WHO warning that the death rate has risen to 70% and there could be up to 10,000 new cases per week within two months. Images show health workers and burial teams working to contain the virus in Liberia, while questions are answered about how the virus spreads and can be prevented from spreading further.
The document summarizes Ebola viral disease (EVD). It notes that EVD is a severe and often fatal illness in humans that is transmitted through contact with infected animals or humans. Major outbreaks have occurred in remote villages in Central Africa and in the 2014-2015 outbreak in West Africa that spread to urban areas. Symptoms include fever, weakness, vomiting and diarrhea. While there is no proven treatment, supportive care such as rehydration can improve survival rates. Reducing contact with infected individuals and animals is key to controlling outbreaks.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans that causes hemorrhagic fever. It first appeared in 1976 and is transmitted through contact with infected wildlife such as fruit bats or primates, or through human-to-human transmission via bodily fluids. Symptoms include fever, muscle pain, and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, several are in development. Fruit bats are considered the natural host for the virus in Africa.
This document summarizes information about the Ebola virus, including its characterization, life cycle, transmission, symptoms, outbreaks, treatment and prevention. It describes Ebola virus as a filamentous, enveloped RNA virus that infects monocytes, macrophages and other immune cells. It evades the host immune system and causes hemorrhagic fever through mechanisms such as blocking interferon response. The largest Ebola outbreak occurred in West Africa from 2013-2016. Treatment involves general medical support and isolation, while prevention focuses on avoiding contact with patients, proper PPE and animal surveillance.
The document provides information about Ebola virus disease (EVD), including its history, current outbreak, transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and efforts to contain it. It discusses how EVD was first identified in 1976 and is caused by the Ebola virus. The current outbreak in West Africa is the largest to date. The virus is transmitted through contact with body fluids and symptoms include bleeding from openings and organs. There is no proven vaccine or treatment, so care is supportive.
This document provides an overview of Ebola virus, including its taxonomy, history, molecular biology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Ebola virus is a negative-sense RNA virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. It is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids and has a high fatality rate. The current 2014 outbreak in West Africa involving the Zaire species is the largest on record. There is no approved treatment but supportive care and experimental therapies are being used. Strict isolation protocols are necessary to prevent spread in healthcare settings.
The Ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness which is often fatal if untreated. Ebola virus disease (EVD) first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, Sudan, and the other in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name.
The current outbreak in west Africa, (first cases notified in March 2014), is the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976. There have been more cases and deaths in this outbreak than all others combined. It has also spread between countries starting in Guinea then spreading across land borders to Sierra Leone and Liberia, by air (1 traveller only) to Nigeria, and by land (1 traveller) to Senegal.
The most severely affected countries, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia have very weak health systems, lacking human and infrastructural resources, having only recently emerged from long periods of conflict and instability. On August 8, the WHO Director-General declared this outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
A separate, unrelated Ebola outbreak began in Boende, Equateur, an isolated part of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The virus family Filoviridae includes 3 genera: Cuevavirus, Marburgvirus, and Ebolavirus. There are 5 species that have been identified: Zaire, Bundibugyo, Sudan, Reston and Taï Forest. The first 3, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, and Sudan ebolavirus have been associated with large outbreaks in Africa. The virus causing the 2014 west African outbreak belongs to the Zaire species.
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa has killed over 1,000 people and experimental treatments are being considered. While Ebola virus disease has a high fatality rate, the current outbreak's magnitude may be underestimated. Countries have taken extreme precautions like cordoning off infected areas, but health officials say such measures must proceed humanely. No approved vaccine or treatment exists, so controlling transmission through safe burials and protective equipment is critical.
The document discusses the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, which has become one of the largest and deadliest Ebola outbreaks in history. As of August 28, 2014, the WHO reported over 3,000 cases and 1,500 deaths across five countries - Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The outbreak is caused by the Zaire species of the Ebola virus, which is closely related to variants found in previous outbreaks in Central Africa. Fruit bats are believed to be the natural reservoir of the virus, which can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animal hosts like chimpanzees.
The document summarizes Ebola viral disease (EVD). It notes that EVD is a severe and often fatal illness in humans that is transmitted through contact with infected animals or humans. Major outbreaks have occurred in remote villages in Central Africa and in the 2014-2015 outbreak in West Africa that spread to urban areas. Symptoms include fever, weakness, vomiting and diarrhea. While there is no proven treatment, supportive care such as rehydration can improve survival rates. Reducing contact with infected individuals and animals is key to controlling outbreaks.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans that causes hemorrhagic fever. It first appeared in 1976 and is transmitted through contact with infected wildlife such as fruit bats or primates, or through human-to-human transmission via bodily fluids. Symptoms include fever, muscle pain, and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, several are in development. Fruit bats are considered the natural host for the virus in Africa.
This document summarizes information about the Ebola virus, including its characterization, life cycle, transmission, symptoms, outbreaks, treatment and prevention. It describes Ebola virus as a filamentous, enveloped RNA virus that infects monocytes, macrophages and other immune cells. It evades the host immune system and causes hemorrhagic fever through mechanisms such as blocking interferon response. The largest Ebola outbreak occurred in West Africa from 2013-2016. Treatment involves general medical support and isolation, while prevention focuses on avoiding contact with patients, proper PPE and animal surveillance.
The document provides information about Ebola virus disease (EVD), including its history, current outbreak, transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and efforts to contain it. It discusses how EVD was first identified in 1976 and is caused by the Ebola virus. The current outbreak in West Africa is the largest to date. The virus is transmitted through contact with body fluids and symptoms include bleeding from openings and organs. There is no proven vaccine or treatment, so care is supportive.
This document provides an overview of Ebola virus, including its taxonomy, history, molecular biology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Ebola virus is a negative-sense RNA virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. It is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids and has a high fatality rate. The current 2014 outbreak in West Africa involving the Zaire species is the largest on record. There is no approved treatment but supportive care and experimental therapies are being used. Strict isolation protocols are necessary to prevent spread in healthcare settings.
The Ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness which is often fatal if untreated. Ebola virus disease (EVD) first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, Sudan, and the other in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name.
The current outbreak in west Africa, (first cases notified in March 2014), is the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976. There have been more cases and deaths in this outbreak than all others combined. It has also spread between countries starting in Guinea then spreading across land borders to Sierra Leone and Liberia, by air (1 traveller only) to Nigeria, and by land (1 traveller) to Senegal.
The most severely affected countries, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia have very weak health systems, lacking human and infrastructural resources, having only recently emerged from long periods of conflict and instability. On August 8, the WHO Director-General declared this outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
A separate, unrelated Ebola outbreak began in Boende, Equateur, an isolated part of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The virus family Filoviridae includes 3 genera: Cuevavirus, Marburgvirus, and Ebolavirus. There are 5 species that have been identified: Zaire, Bundibugyo, Sudan, Reston and Taï Forest. The first 3, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, and Sudan ebolavirus have been associated with large outbreaks in Africa. The virus causing the 2014 west African outbreak belongs to the Zaire species.
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa has killed over 1,000 people and experimental treatments are being considered. While Ebola virus disease has a high fatality rate, the current outbreak's magnitude may be underestimated. Countries have taken extreme precautions like cordoning off infected areas, but health officials say such measures must proceed humanely. No approved vaccine or treatment exists, so controlling transmission through safe burials and protective equipment is critical.
The document discusses the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, which has become one of the largest and deadliest Ebola outbreaks in history. As of August 28, 2014, the WHO reported over 3,000 cases and 1,500 deaths across five countries - Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The outbreak is caused by the Zaire species of the Ebola virus, which is closely related to variants found in previous outbreaks in Central Africa. Fruit bats are believed to be the natural reservoir of the virus, which can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animal hosts like chimpanzees.
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa that began in 2014 became the deadliest occurrence of the disease. It killed over five times as many people as all previous Ebola outbreaks combined. Ebola virus causes disease in humans and nonhuman primates. It is transmitted through direct contact with body fluids from infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. Symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, recovery depends on supportive care. Prevention requires careful hygiene practices and avoiding contact with infected individuals or animals.
This document provides information on Ebola virus disease (EVD), including its history, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and prevention. It notes that EVD is caused by one of five viruses in the family Filoviridae, is highly fatal in humans and nonhuman primates, and is transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids. Symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and severe hemorrhaging. While there are no approved vaccines, prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected hosts and bodily fluids through safe burial practices and hygiene.
The document provides information on Ebola virus, including its history, outbreaks, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis and potential treatments. It discusses how Ebola was first identified in 1976 near the Ebola River in Africa. It causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with high mortality. While fruit bats are suspected to be the natural reservoir, transmission occurs between humans via contact with bodily fluids. Current efforts are focused on supportive care and experimental therapies like monoclonal antibodies, antivirals and immunomodulators until a vaccine is developed.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans caused by Ebola virus. The virus is transmitted through contact with infected wildlife like fruit bats or with bodily fluids of infected humans. Symptoms include sudden onset of fever, muscle pain and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine, treatment focuses on rehydration and supportive care. Fruit bats are considered the natural reservoir of the virus in Africa.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans that was first identified in 1976. The virus spreads through direct contact with body fluids from infected humans or animals. Early symptoms include fever, fatigue, and muscle pain that can progress to vomiting, diarrhea and internal bleeding. While there is no licensed treatment, supportive care such as rehydration can improve survival. The 2014-2015 outbreak in West Africa was the largest in history, resulting in over 23,000 cases and 9,600 deaths across multiple countries. Controlling the outbreak requires community engagement along with safe practices in healthcare settings and burials.
This document provides an overview of Ebola virus disease (EVD), including its origins, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It notes that Ebola was first identified in 1976 in Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan. Ebola is transmitted through contact with body fluids of infected humans or animals. Symptoms include fever, muscle pain and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected individuals and animals.
This document provides information on Ebola virus disease (EVD), including its history, transmission, symptoms, treatment and the 2014 outbreak in West Africa. It discusses key Ebola outbreaks since 1976 in Zaire, Sudan, Uganda, Philippines and the United States. The current 2014 outbreak began in Guinea and has since spread to Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria. As of late September 2014 it had resulted in over 6,500 cases.
The document discusses the prevention of Ebola virus infection and associated challenges. It outlines people at risk of infection, case definitions, laboratory tests for diagnosis, screening procedures at airports, isolation and treatment protocols, contact tracing, precautions for healthcare workers, waste management procedures, vaccine candidates, and post-exposure prophylaxis. It identifies challenges to prevention as weak health systems, cultural and economic factors, lack of international cooperation, and technical difficulties in research and developing effective treatments.
Ebola virus disease is a severe, often fatal illness caused by the Ebola virus. The virus was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The 2014 outbreak in West Africa was the largest in history, infecting thousands and killing over 11,000. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with body fluids of infected humans or animals. Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain and weakness. While there is no approved vaccine, treatment involves supportive care to improve symptoms.
This document provides summaries of multiple reports on the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa between August and September 2014. It discusses encouraging signs in Nigeria and Guinea with slowing transmission, challenges in Liberia requiring non-conventional interventions, the unprecedented number of infected medical staff, and experimental therapies using blood from recovered patients showing interest.
The document is a project report on the Ebola virus submitted for a school examination. It includes an introduction that describes the origins and risks of Ebola, noting that it is caused by one of five virus strains found in several African countries with no known cure or vaccine. It then provides sections on the current West Africa outbreak which began in 2013, how Ebola is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids, the WHO response which includes surveillance and support for affected countries, current statistics on the outbreak from WHO, symptoms and current treatment approaches, and prevention methods such as proper hygiene practices.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal disease caused by the Ebola virus. It first appeared in 1976 in simultaneous outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan. Ebola is categorized as a Category A bioterrorism agent due to its high potential to be used as a biological weapon because it can easily spread between humans and causes severe illness with high mortality rates. Signs and symptoms include fever, muscle pain, vomiting and bleeding. There is currently no cure, so treatment focuses on isolation, intensive care, and surveillance to prevent further spread.
In the absence of effective treatment and a human vaccine, raising awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection and the protective measures individuals can take is the only way to reduce human infection and death.
The document provides an overview of Ebola virus disease (EVD), including its origins, transmission, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and recovery. Some key points:
- EVD first appeared in 1976 in simultaneous outbreaks in Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo. The current 2014 outbreak in West Africa is the largest on record.
- The virus is transmitted through direct contact with body fluids of infected humans or animals. Early symptoms are nonspecific but progress to hemorrhagic fever, vomiting, diarrhea and organ failure.
- Diagnosis involves detecting the virus or antibodies in blood, with RT-PCR being the most sensitive test. There is no approved vaccine or treatment, so care is largely supportive
Ebola virus (Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever) by S Shivani Shastrulagari shivani shastrulagari
WHAT IS EBOLA?
Ebola is the most lethal virus known to man.
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a very contagious illness that is often fatal in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees).
Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. ... The virus spreads through direct contact with body fluids, such as blood from infected humans or other animals.
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a often-fatal viral disease that affects humans and nonhuman primates. It was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. There are 5 distinct sub-species of the Ebola virus. The natural reservoir of the virus is unknown, but it is believed to be animal-borne and native to Africa. Early symptoms include fever, headache, and muscle pain. Late stage symptoms are more severe and include internal and external bleeding. The virus disables a human protein called tetherin that normally prevents virus spread, allowing the virus to efficiently spread from cell to cell. There is no approved vaccine yet for Ebola virus, but research is
Virtual field trips can expand learning beyond the classroom by providing hands-on experiences through technology. They allow students to explore places and topics in an engaging way without leaving the school. When creating a virtual field trip, it is important to have clear learning objectives and keep the experience focused and brief to hold students' attention. Follow-up offline activities can help students continue their learning from the virtual experience. Teachers can also have students create their own virtual field trips to supplement topics covered in class.
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa that began in 2014 became the deadliest occurrence of the disease. It killed over five times as many people as all previous Ebola outbreaks combined. Ebola virus causes disease in humans and nonhuman primates. It is transmitted through direct contact with body fluids from infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. Symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, recovery depends on supportive care. Prevention requires careful hygiene practices and avoiding contact with infected individuals or animals.
This document provides information on Ebola virus disease (EVD), including its history, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and prevention. It notes that EVD is caused by one of five viruses in the family Filoviridae, is highly fatal in humans and nonhuman primates, and is transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids. Symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and severe hemorrhaging. While there are no approved vaccines, prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected hosts and bodily fluids through safe burial practices and hygiene.
The document provides information on Ebola virus, including its history, outbreaks, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis and potential treatments. It discusses how Ebola was first identified in 1976 near the Ebola River in Africa. It causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with high mortality. While fruit bats are suspected to be the natural reservoir, transmission occurs between humans via contact with bodily fluids. Current efforts are focused on supportive care and experimental therapies like monoclonal antibodies, antivirals and immunomodulators until a vaccine is developed.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans caused by Ebola virus. The virus is transmitted through contact with infected wildlife like fruit bats or with bodily fluids of infected humans. Symptoms include sudden onset of fever, muscle pain and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine, treatment focuses on rehydration and supportive care. Fruit bats are considered the natural reservoir of the virus in Africa.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans that was first identified in 1976. The virus spreads through direct contact with body fluids from infected humans or animals. Early symptoms include fever, fatigue, and muscle pain that can progress to vomiting, diarrhea and internal bleeding. While there is no licensed treatment, supportive care such as rehydration can improve survival. The 2014-2015 outbreak in West Africa was the largest in history, resulting in over 23,000 cases and 9,600 deaths across multiple countries. Controlling the outbreak requires community engagement along with safe practices in healthcare settings and burials.
This document provides an overview of Ebola virus disease (EVD), including its origins, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It notes that Ebola was first identified in 1976 in Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan. Ebola is transmitted through contact with body fluids of infected humans or animals. Symptoms include fever, muscle pain and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected individuals and animals.
This document provides information on Ebola virus disease (EVD), including its history, transmission, symptoms, treatment and the 2014 outbreak in West Africa. It discusses key Ebola outbreaks since 1976 in Zaire, Sudan, Uganda, Philippines and the United States. The current 2014 outbreak began in Guinea and has since spread to Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria. As of late September 2014 it had resulted in over 6,500 cases.
The document discusses the prevention of Ebola virus infection and associated challenges. It outlines people at risk of infection, case definitions, laboratory tests for diagnosis, screening procedures at airports, isolation and treatment protocols, contact tracing, precautions for healthcare workers, waste management procedures, vaccine candidates, and post-exposure prophylaxis. It identifies challenges to prevention as weak health systems, cultural and economic factors, lack of international cooperation, and technical difficulties in research and developing effective treatments.
Ebola virus disease is a severe, often fatal illness caused by the Ebola virus. The virus was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The 2014 outbreak in West Africa was the largest in history, infecting thousands and killing over 11,000. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with body fluids of infected humans or animals. Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain and weakness. While there is no approved vaccine, treatment involves supportive care to improve symptoms.
This document provides summaries of multiple reports on the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa between August and September 2014. It discusses encouraging signs in Nigeria and Guinea with slowing transmission, challenges in Liberia requiring non-conventional interventions, the unprecedented number of infected medical staff, and experimental therapies using blood from recovered patients showing interest.
The document is a project report on the Ebola virus submitted for a school examination. It includes an introduction that describes the origins and risks of Ebola, noting that it is caused by one of five virus strains found in several African countries with no known cure or vaccine. It then provides sections on the current West Africa outbreak which began in 2013, how Ebola is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids, the WHO response which includes surveillance and support for affected countries, current statistics on the outbreak from WHO, symptoms and current treatment approaches, and prevention methods such as proper hygiene practices.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal disease caused by the Ebola virus. It first appeared in 1976 in simultaneous outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan. Ebola is categorized as a Category A bioterrorism agent due to its high potential to be used as a biological weapon because it can easily spread between humans and causes severe illness with high mortality rates. Signs and symptoms include fever, muscle pain, vomiting and bleeding. There is currently no cure, so treatment focuses on isolation, intensive care, and surveillance to prevent further spread.
In the absence of effective treatment and a human vaccine, raising awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection and the protective measures individuals can take is the only way to reduce human infection and death.
The document provides an overview of Ebola virus disease (EVD), including its origins, transmission, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and recovery. Some key points:
- EVD first appeared in 1976 in simultaneous outbreaks in Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo. The current 2014 outbreak in West Africa is the largest on record.
- The virus is transmitted through direct contact with body fluids of infected humans or animals. Early symptoms are nonspecific but progress to hemorrhagic fever, vomiting, diarrhea and organ failure.
- Diagnosis involves detecting the virus or antibodies in blood, with RT-PCR being the most sensitive test. There is no approved vaccine or treatment, so care is largely supportive
Ebola virus (Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever) by S Shivani Shastrulagari shivani shastrulagari
WHAT IS EBOLA?
Ebola is the most lethal virus known to man.
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a very contagious illness that is often fatal in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees).
Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. ... The virus spreads through direct contact with body fluids, such as blood from infected humans or other animals.
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a often-fatal viral disease that affects humans and nonhuman primates. It was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. There are 5 distinct sub-species of the Ebola virus. The natural reservoir of the virus is unknown, but it is believed to be animal-borne and native to Africa. Early symptoms include fever, headache, and muscle pain. Late stage symptoms are more severe and include internal and external bleeding. The virus disables a human protein called tetherin that normally prevents virus spread, allowing the virus to efficiently spread from cell to cell. There is no approved vaccine yet for Ebola virus, but research is
Virtual field trips can expand learning beyond the classroom by providing hands-on experiences through technology. They allow students to explore places and topics in an engaging way without leaving the school. When creating a virtual field trip, it is important to have clear learning objectives and keep the experience focused and brief to hold students' attention. Follow-up offline activities can help students continue their learning from the virtual experience. Teachers can also have students create their own virtual field trips to supplement topics covered in class.
This document contains the signatures and credentials of nursing professionals approving a student's clinical experience. It lists the clinical coordinator, chief nurse, and dean of the Eastern Samar State University College of Nursing, along with the chief nurse of Bethany Hospital, approving the student's experience through their signatures, degrees, and professional license numbers and expiration dates.
The document summarizes the main points discussed at the Economic and Social Committee forum regarding the Spratly Island conflict. It recognizes that resolving the issue peacefully is important given the conflicts between involved countries over the sensitive question of sovereignty. It emphasizes the need to divide the islands among signatory states to resolve tensions and encourages the establishment of a multilateral cooperation authority to jointly develop and share the islands' resources, with each country having a say in decisions. It reaffirms that any profits should be shared inversely with country GDP and urges claimant countries to set aside claims and demilitarize the islands for three years to reduce tensions.
Assessing the Capacity of Community Coalitions to Advocate for ChangeInnovation Network
Research has shown that high-capacity coalitions are more successful in effecting community change. While a number of coalition assessment tools have been developed, documentation is scarce regarding how they are implemented, how the results are used, and whether they are predictive of coalition success in collaborative community change efforts. Developed for a health promotion initiative of a major health foundation, this tool is designed to assess coalition progress in eight key areas across twelve different community coalitions, over the course of a three year initiative.
On May 21, 2013, Veena Pankaj, Kat Athanasiades, Ann Emery, and Johanna Morariu gave a presentation titled "Assessing the Capacity of Community Coalitions to Advocate for Change." The panel was hosted by the Advocacy Planning and Evaluation Program (APEP) at the Aspen Institute in Washington, DC.
The session focused on a coalition assessment tool that was designed by Innovation Network to assess changes in coalition capacity over time. Presenters shared lessons learned from the first year of the initiative about developing and deploying the assessment tool, as well as what these tools can--and can't--tell you about a coalition's capacity in conducting community change work. In addition presenters shared how information collected from this assessment can be communicated back to the coalitions using data visualization approaches to effectively communicate the data.
This is an introductory workshop for Twitter for Coalitions co-presented at the CADCA Leadership Forum, 2010, January 11, 2010, Washington, DC. with Sue Stine, Jeffery Biggs, and LaDonna Coy. Handout is available at http://technologyinprevention.wikispaces.com/file/view/TwitterHandout.pdf
1. Over 100 Christian leaders signed a statement calling on leaders to protect funding for programs that help the poor when reducing budget deficits.
2. They believe budgets are moral documents and reducing poverty should not come at the expense of increasing hardship for the vulnerable.
3. The statement urges reviewing all parts of the budget, including military spending and taxes, to find ways to share sacrifice instead of disproportionately burdening those in need.
Interview with:Carlos Gómez PlazaDirector Tripartite Foundation for Trai...network_trainers
The Tripartite Foundation for Training in Employment comprises public administration organizations and trade unions. It provides technical support for training and employment to Spain's Public Employment Service. Its funding comes from vocational training levies, the European Social Fund, and contributions from the Public Employment Service. The Foundation's goals include supporting lifelong learning, improving workers' skills and competitiveness, and increasing employability. It finances both demand-driven and supply-driven training initiatives. The Foundation prioritizes innovation in training methodologies and tools through research and forums. Studies have looked at topics like online training and using ICT like digital media, video games, social networks and more in training.
Building resposible property portfolios: a review of current practices by u...Dr Lendy Spires
This document discusses responsible property investing and highlights practices by leading organizations. It begins with an introduction to the Principles for Responsible Investment and the business case for responsible property investing. Some key challenges in the property sector are indirect relationships between investors and environmental, social and governance performance. However, institutional investors have opportunities to address these challenges and influence other actors in the property investment chain. The document then provides examples of actions being taken in line with each of the Principles for Responsible Investment.
The document discusses the Freedom Riders and sit-ins during the 1960s Civil Rights Movement. The Freedom Riders tested segregation in interstate bus travel by riding buses through the South. They faced resistance. Sit-ins involved students peacefully protesting segregation at lunch counters through non-violent demonstrations, which also faced resistance in the South. Both protests helped raise awareness of racial inequality and persuaded some whites and the government that reforms were needed.
Church of England views on homosexuality remain unclear on the basis of various instances
when church leaders have contradicted in their opinion over the issue. Conservative theologians
and politicians who are members of the Church of England consider homosexuality as another
behavior.
- See more at: http://www.customwritingservice.org/blog/sample-essay-on-church-of-england-viewson-
homosexuality/
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise stimulates the production of endorphins in the brain which elevate mood and reduce stress levels.
This document contains the signatures and credentials of three nurses approving a document. The clinical coordinator and chief nurse at Eastern Samar State University College of Nursing and Eastern Samar Provincial Hospital respectively approved the document. It was then approved by the Dean of the College of Nursing at Eastern Samar State University. All three signatories included their name, role, degree, and professional registration numbers and expiration dates.
Ethical Issues in the Tripartite RelationshipBrian Jones
The document discusses the complex tripartite relationship between an insurer, defense counsel, and insured in the context of legal representation, noting competing interests and how representation can become problematic when issues arise between the insurer and insured. It also examines guidelines from insurers on billing and litigation that raise ethical concerns, as well as case law addressing issues like privilege, independent counsel, and who the actual client is in these relationships.
Teleportation of a Tripartite Entangled Coherent StateVasudha Pande
This document discusses teleportation of a tripartite entangled coherent state. It begins by introducing the concept of teleportation and its requirements, including an entangled quantum channel and classical communication channel. It then describes the protocol for teleporting a quantum state using a tripartite entangled coherent state, which involves 1) distributing the entangled state between sender and receiver, 2) applying phase shifts at the sender, 3) performing beam splitting, 4) applying another phase shift, 5) making measurements, 6) communicating the classical bits, 7) applying a unitary transformation based on the classical bits, recovering the teleported state. The document examines the fidelity of the teleported state and potential sources of noise.
A basic workshop for getting a solid start using social media for coalitions. The workshop is being presented at the 2013 CADCA Coalition Leadership Forum, Feb 4-8, 2013, Washington, DC. All workship materials available at http://bit.ly/clf2013
Ebola virus disease is a rare but severe illness caused by the Ebola virus that causes symptoms like fever, headache and bleeding. It is initially spread to humans from animals but can then spread between humans through direct contact with body fluids. The current 2014 outbreak in West Africa is the largest in history affecting countries like Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. While the risk of an outbreak in the US is very low, people should avoid non-essential travel to affected areas of West Africa.
In light of the of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa the Yale-Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Program has produced this special report.
Since most of our student are not back yet from summer break I reached out to past alumni and members of Team Rubicon to assist in putting this report together.
The report was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested.
Any students, past alumni, or volunteers who would like to work on future slides let me know. Assistance is always welcome.
The document provides background information on diseases that have emerged throughout history, including Ebola. It discusses the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa as the largest in history. It then describes a hypothetical scenario where one infected person arrives in Oakville, Canada, and uses a mathematical model to estimate how long it would take for the entire population to become infected in the absence of immunity or treatment.
The document summarizes information about the Ebola virus. It describes the symptoms of Ebola, which are similar to other illnesses like the flu but can be distinguished by kidney and liver failure. It then discusses the history and spread of the Ebola virus, noting that a lack of education and economic resources in West Africa have contributed to the current outbreak becoming an epidemic. The document concludes by discussing how education plays a key role in preventing future crises by teaching hygiene, medical treatment, and containing infectious diseases.
This document provides information about Ebola virus disease (EVD) including its transmission, symptoms, prevention, and the 2014 West Africa outbreak. It details how a Liberian diplomat, Patrick Sawyer, unknowingly spread the disease to Nigeria by traveling there while infected and in denial about his infection. Sawyer came into contact with 59 people in Nigeria and exhibited disruptive behavior at hospitals in both Nigeria and Liberia before succumbing to the disease, highlighting the risks of disregarding medical advice during an outbreak. The document outlines key facts about EVD transmission, symptoms, treatment and prevention measures to raise awareness about the disease.
Ebola virus disease is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with an Ebola virus. There are five identified Ebola virus species, four of which can cause disease in humans. Ebola spreads through direct contact with body fluids of infected humans or animals like bats, and symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain and bleeding. While there is no approved vaccine, prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected patients or animals and practicing good hygiene.
Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness in humans caused by five strains of the Ebola virus. It spreads through direct contact with body fluids of infected people or contaminated environments. Common symptoms include fever, muscle pain, headache and sore throat followed by vomiting, diarrhea and rash. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, experimental drugs are being tested. The 2014 outbreak in West Africa was the largest and most complex as it spread rapidly in urban environments through human-to-human transmission. Prevention efforts focus on careful hygiene, avoiding contact with infected people and burial rituals.
Nigeria was able to defeat the Ebola virus through a combination of proactive measures, including issuing early warnings, establishing emergency response centers, conducting extensive public education campaigns, and effectively tracking and quarantining individuals exposed to the virus. The first case was introduced by a traveler from Liberia, and Nigeria ultimately saw 19 total cases and 7 deaths before being declared Ebola-free within 3 months. Key factors in Nigeria's successful response included national unity in fighting the disease, stringent preventive measures adopted by the public, and the country's isolated treatment method for each Ebola symptom.
Ebola Outbreak in Liberia : August 2014Amit Bhagat
This report is about the Outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) (also known as Ebola Hemmorhagic fever) in Liberia, which occurred mainly in most parts of the West Africa starting from Guinea and reaching to heart of Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria and most other places. EVD is an epidemic disease and also highly infectious. This disease is very severe, rare and deadly, with a fatality rate of approx 90%. There is no such cure or vaccine is present, only some experimental drugs have been using (till date). Thus, many organizations viz WHO, CDC, Red Cross etc are working for prevention and relief of patients to fight against this epidemic disease.
The document discusses the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, which has become one of the largest and deadliest Ebola outbreaks in history. As of August 28, 2014, the WHO reported over 3,000 cases and 1,500 deaths across five countries - Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The outbreak is accelerating, with 40% of total cases occurring in the last 3 weeks. The WHO predicts that without control measures, cases could grow to over 20,000 by the end of the outbreak.
This is a final year project report on Ebola Virus Disease.....
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for more information and materials for the project contact me @ www.facebook.com/abhishekurmate
Group 14 will present a podcast on Ebola that covers what it is, how it is transmitted, its symptoms, current outbreak areas, treatment and prevention. Ebola is a deadly virus spread through direct contact with bodily fluids that causes sudden fever, muscle pains and can lead to internal bleeding. The largest outbreak on record started in 2014 in West Africa and spread to several countries. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, prevention focuses on avoiding infected areas and people along with good hand hygiene.
This document provides an overview of the Ebola virus and the 2014 outbreak in West Africa. It discusses how Ebola was first discovered in 1976 and past outbreaks. The 2014 outbreak began in Guinea and spread to Liberia and Sierra Leone, becoming the largest outbreak to date. It had devastating impacts on communities and healthcare systems in these countries as they were ill-prepared to respond to such a disaster. Training programs have since been developed to educate clinicians and hygienists on safely treating Ebola patients and managing the virus.
The document discusses a research proposal on assessing public awareness of the impacts of the Ebola outbreak. It provides background on Ebola, including its history and transmission. The largest Ebola outbreak started in West Africa in 2014. The purpose of the study is to evaluate Malaysian public knowledge of Ebola's effects. It will investigate the causes and impacts of Ebola and solutions to increase public awareness of the outbreak. The significance is to ensure Malaysians understand Ebola risks and precautions.
In the absence of effective treatment and a human vaccine, raising awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection and the protective measures individuals can take is the only way to reduce human infection and death.
Dr. OBA Owoeye gave a presentation on Ebola virus disease (EVD) at a clinical grand round. The presentation covered the introduction of EVD, how it is transmitted from animals to humans and between humans, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, prevention through proper hygiene and protective equipment, and importance of hand washing. EVD has a high fatality rate and is a severe illness endemic to Central and West Africa that spreads through contact with bodily fluids and is diagnosed through various laboratory tests. Prevention relies on personal hygiene, proper hand washing and use of protective equipment when caring for patients.
Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a serious and often fatal disease caused by the Ebola virus. The virus was first identified in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The 2014 outbreak in West Africa was the largest in history, affecting Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, and resulting in over 8,000 cases and 4,000 deaths. The virus is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids like blood, vomit or feces and the most common means of transmission is through direct contact with infected patients. Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain and bleeding. There is currently no approved vaccine for Eb
The document discusses tracking the Ebola virus and its various strains around the world. It describes rumors of a man named Monet who fell mysteriously ill with an unknown disease in Nairobi, Kenya. When the author investigated, they found that Monet had died explosively in the hospital. The author then searched for information on Dr. Musoke and Dr. Silverstein to learn more. Dr. Silverstein revealed that Dr. Musoke was infected with the Marburg virus, which was first discovered after infecting monkeys and humans in Germany in 1967.
Ebola is a deadly virus that causes hemorrhagic fever. It spreads through direct contact with body fluids like blood, vomit, and diarrhea of infected individuals. While there is no approved vaccine or treatment, basic supportive care like hydration and treating symptoms can increase survival. Preventing the spread of Ebola requires avoiding contact with infected individuals and wild animals in outbreak areas, as well as proper handwashing.
RUNNING HEAD: EBOLA IS MANAGEABLE 1
EBOLA IS MANAGEABLE 9
Ebola is Manageable
Name
DeVry University
Ebola is Manageable
A dog was put to death in Spain for fear that it may have contracted Ebola from its owner, who was infected by the disease. The action might have been an overreaction on the part of Spain's officials, but it showed the fears of the general public. The media has been overflowing with Ebola news ever since the outbreak of the epidemic in West Africa, but more so because the disease has infiltrated the United States with the first confirmed case being reported in Dallas. One might understand that the public has every right to be fearful, even paranoid of Ebola, but their feelings are based on limited information concerning Ebola. With the right information concerning facts, transmission, and management of the disease, the public may change there attitude towards Ebola. Though the disease has spread at an alarming rate, it is possible to manage Ebola so as to prevent further loss of lives.
Facts regarding Ebola
In March 2014, an Ebola epidemic was reported in West Africa, and it has since spread to other parts of the world, including the United States of America, other parts of Africa, and Spain. Ebola is a rare disease caused by the Ebola virus. The Ebola virus was first reported in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It affects both humans and nonhuman primates such as monkeys and gorillas. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCC, 2014), 3,400 people have died from the disease, the most affected regions being Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria.
What Causes Ebola?
Ebola has only one cause that is the infection of the Ebola Virus. There are no any other probable causes of Ebola.
Causes of Ebola: The Ebola Virus
The Ebola virus originated from a river in the Democratic Republic of Congo where the first acknowledgement of the disease was conducted. The Ebola virus is one of the two members of the RNA virus family known as Filoviridae. There are four subtypes of Ebola Virus that have been identified in which three of the four are responsible for the disease in humans (Sullivan et.al, 2003).
Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Ivory Coast and the final subtype is the Ebola-Reston that has caused disease in primates that are non-human and not humans. The actual origin, location and natural habitat of the Ebola Virus still remains unknown, however, on the basis of the available proof and nature of viruses that are similar, it is believed that the Ebola virus lives in an animal host that remains to be native in Africa. The exact animal is still yet not known.
There is still uncertainty regarding the animal host for the Ebola virus as well us how the Ebola virus outbreak occurs. There is a hypothesis by researchers that the first continent patient of Ebola acquires the virus through contact with an animal that is infected (Sullivan et.al, 2003).
Causes of Ebola: T.
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grands et petits, doublés et doux, ronds et angulaires,
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ornés de fourrure, broderies, plumes d'oiseaux magnifiques, de rubans, pierreries selon la fortune du propriétaire ...
Recognised as the most beautiful woman in the Mediterranean civilisations, hers was the face that launched a thousand ships and inspired the legends ...
Rückenfigur ... back figure in paintings.ppsxguimera
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog is perhaps the most iconic Rückenfigur in German Romantic painting …
Rückenfigur, the back-figure is a pictorial theme with significant power.
Rückenfigur ... back figure in paintings
Rückenfigur ... figure de dos dans la peinture.ppsxguimera
Le Voyageur contemplant une mer de nuages est probablement la Rückenfigur la plus emblématique de la peinture romantique allemande ...
Rückenfigur, la figure de dos est un thème pictural d'une grande puissance.
Has been depicted
in mythological and religious paintings, in still life, vanities, allegories, in the genre painting.
From Caravaggio and Rubens to Millet, through Vermeer, Delacroix, Manet, Moreau …
Panier en osier dans la peinture européenne.ppsxguimera
A été représenté
dans les peintures mythologiques et religieuses, les natures mortes, vanités, allégories, dans la peinture de genre.
Du Caravage et Rubens à Millet, en passant par Vermeer, Delacroix, Manet, Moreau ...
The Art of Rain_The beauty of rain in paintings..ppsxguimera
The beauty of rain in paintings.
expected or feared, delicate or stormy, metaphorical or very real, the rain has often entered the imagination of artists ...
L’art de la pluie_La beauté de la pluie dans la peinture..ppsxguimera
La beauté de la pluie dans la peinture.
espérée ou redoutée, fine ou orageuse, métaphorique ou bien réelle, la pluie s’est souvent invitée dans l’imaginaire des artistes ...
From Gethsemane to the Tomb ... Passion Stories.ppsxguimera
This document provides summaries of paintings depicting scenes from Jesus's passion and death. It describes paintings showing Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane praying before his arrest, Jesus appearing before Pilate, Jesus being mocked and crowned with thorns, Jesus carrying the cross, Jesus on the cross with Mary and John, the crucifixion and death of Jesus, his body being taken down and mourned over, and his entombment. The paintings highlighted come from artists like William Blake, James Tissot, Hieronymus Bosch, and Lovis Corinth and are housed in museums around the world.
Medea and the beautiful Argonaut,
the first human Cain
Romulus and Remus nursed by the same she-wolf,
Vulcan who loves Venus who loves Mars
Eve and the Apple of the Tree of Temptation
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the most human of emotions that inspired the painters
La jalousie dans la peinture européenne.ppsxguimera
Médée et le bel Argonaute,
le premier humain Caïn
Romulus et Remus nourris au sein de la même louve,
Vulcain qui aime Vénus qui aime Mars
Ève et la pomme de l'arbre de la tentation
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la plus humaine des émotions qui a inspiré les peintres
créatures mi-hommes, mi-chevaux, habitant les forêts et les montagnes
violents et sauvages, avec une morale brutale, et un amour immodéré pour le vin et les femmes
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
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Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
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Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
1. A health worker watches as a burial team collects Ebola victims from a Ministry of Health treatment center for cremation on October 2, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia.
(Getty Images/John Moore)
2. West Africa could face up to 10,000 new Ebola cases
a week within two months, the World Health
Organization warned Tuesday, adding that the death
rate in the current outbreak has risen to 70 percent.
October 14, 2014
3. A member of a burial team prepares to collect Ebola victims from a treatment center for cremation on October 2, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. Eight Liberian Red Cross
burial teams under contract with the country's Ministry of Health collect the bodies of Ebola victims each day in the capital. (Getty Images/John Moore)
4. A security guard watches as construction workers build a new Ebola isolation and treatment center overnight on Ocober 2, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. Work continues
24-hours a day on such centers, which still cannot keep up with demand as the Ebola epidemic continues to spread. (Getty Images/John Moore)
6. Ebola outbreak in west Africa, Nigeria and aboard as of Oct. 15, 2014. (World Health Organization/Yahoo News)
7. Ebola virus facts
Ebola virus disease (formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever) is a
severe, often fatal illness, with a case fatality rate of up to 90%. It is one of
the world’s most virulent diseases. The infection is transmitted by direct
contact with the blood, body fluids and tissues of infected animals or
people.
Severely ill patients require intensive supportive care. During an outbreak,
those at higher risk of infection are health workers, family members and
others in close contact with sick people and deceased patients. (World
Health Organization)
14. People pass an Ebola awareness mural on October 2, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
15. WHO: Ebola death rate rises to 70 percent
The death rate in the Ebola outbreak has risen to 70 percent and there
could be up to 10,000 new cases a week in two months, the World
Health Organization warned Tuesday.
WHO assistant director-general Dr. Bruce Aylward gave the grim
figures during a news conference in Geneva. Previously, WHO had
estimated the death rate at around 50 percent.
Aylward said the 70 percent death rate was “a high mortality disease”
in any circumstance and that the U.N. health agency was still focused
on trying to get sick people isolated and provide treatment as early as
possible.
He told reporters that if the world’s response to the Ebola crisis isn’t
stepped up within 60 days, “a lot more people will die” and there will be
a huge need to deal with the spiraling numbers of cases.
Tuesday, October 14, 2014 Geneva (AP)
16. Liberia races to expand Ebola treatment facilities
A World Health Organization official says there could be up to 10,000 new cases of Ebola per week within two months.
WHO assistant director-general Dr. Bruce Aylward says if the response to the Ebola crisis isn't stepped up within 60 days, "a lot more people will die" and there will
be a huge need on the ground to deal with the spiraling numbers of cases. He said WHO estimated there could up to 10,000 cases per week in two months. (AP)
Photo:A doctor outside the JFK Ebola treatment center speaks to journalists on October 13, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
17. People walk past the Island Clinic Ebola treatment center on October 13, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
18. Health workers dress in protective clothing before taking the body of an Ebola victim from the Island Clinic Ebola treatment center on October 13, 2014 in Monrovia,
Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
19. Health workers dress in protective clothing before taking the body of an Ebola victim from the Island Clinic Ebola treatment center on October 13, 2014 in Monrovia,
Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
20. How is Ebola spread?
The Ebola virus is transmitted in the bodily
fluids of people who are seriously ill, who
are likely to be vomiting, bleeding or have
diarrhoea. Blood, faeces and vomit are the
most infectious fluids, and in late stages of
the disease even tiny amounts can carry
high loads of virus. But a nurse who got a
patient’s blood on their hands could wash it
off with soap and water without any ill-effects.
He or she would become ill only if
they had a cut or abrasion on their hand or
touched their mouth, eyes or nose, which
would allow the virus to pass into their
bodily fluids.
21. What are the symptoms?
It can take two to 21 days for symptoms to
show, although usually it is five to seven
days. Typically, the first signs are a fever
involving a headache, joint and muscle
pain, sore throat and severe muscle
weakness. Many of those symptoms are
similar to flu, so Ebola is not immediately
obvious, though it should be suspected in
anyone who has been in west Africa
recently. After that come diarrhoea,
vomiting, a rash and stomach pain. The
kidneys and liver stop working properly.
Patients may bleed internally and also from
the ears, nose, eyes and mouth.
22. What about sweat – for example could I
get Ebola from using gym equipment?
No. Nobody who had Ebola and was
symptomatic, with intense muscle
weakness and a fever in the early stages,
would be well enough to go to the gym –
and until they are symptomatic, they are
not infectious. Sweat, anyway, is probably
not a source of large amounts of virus – in
fact, the World Health Organisation (WHO)
says whole live virus has never been
isolated from sweat.
23. How about saliva?
WHO says saliva at the most severe stage of the disease, and also
tears, may carry some risk, but the studies are inconclusive. The virus
has been detected in breast milk. A 2007 study in the Journal of
Infectious Diseases is probably the most informative on where the virus
hides.
Can I get Ebola from a toilet seat?
Yes – faeces from somebody with Ebola are a real hazard and the virus
has also been detected in urine. But there would only be a danger if a
seriously sick person had used the toilet and contaminated it and that is
most likely in their home or hospital. Public toilets, in general, are very
unlikely to be a risk.
Can it be sexually transmitted?
Yes, and the virus lasts in the semen of people who have recovered,
maybe for as long as 90 days.
24. A Liberian policeman watches as an Ebola burial team prepares to take away the body of Mekie Nagbe, 28, for cremation on October 10, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia.
Nagbe, a market vendor, collapsed and died outside her home earlier in the morning while leaving to walk to a treatment center, according to her relatives. The
burial of loved ones is important in Liberian culture, making the removal of infected bodies for cremation all the more traumatic for surviving family members. (Getty
Images/John Moore)
25. A grave digger prepares a new grave outside an Ebola treatment center on October 7, 2014 near Gbarnga, in Bong County in central Liberia. The 70-bed facility is run
by the U.S.-based International Medical Corps and supported by USAID. (Getty Images/John Moore)
26. Could I catch Ebola from using a taxi that has taken a patient to hospital?
The virus can be transmitted on surfaces that bodily fluids have touched, so if
somebody had bled or vomited on the seat, there would be a risk to anybody
who had a cut or touched their face with contaminated hands. In Europe or the
US, if a patient was diagnosed with Ebola, there would be a massive effort from
the public health authorities to trace their movements as well as their contacts.
Any taxi they had travelled in while sick would have to be decontaminated.
Could I catch Ebola from door handles a patient had touched?
Yes, if the handle was contaminated with blood, vomit or faeces, which would
be more likely in the house where the patient had been living when they fell
sick, or in the hospital. But if people have intact skin, do not touch their eyes,
nose or mouth and frequently wash their hands, they will not get infected.
27. What can be done in railway stations, schools or other public places to
prevent contagion?
There are strict decontamination procedures that must be followed. Any area
visibly contaminated – where there is blood, vomit or faeces – and toilets and
surfaces lots of people touch, such as door handles and telephones, must be
wiped with disposable towels to remove any visible fluids, then cleaned with
detergent or soap and water and allowed to dry. Then they must be
disinfected, for instance with diluted bleach – one part bleach to four parts
water. Those who do the cleaning must be fully covered, with long sleeved
shirts tucked into disposable gloves and trousers tucked into socks and closed
shoes. Any cuts or abrasions must be covered with plasters. But there is no
need to clean corridors or areas that the person has just passed through.
28. How long can the virus survive?
The virus is quite fragile and is easily
destroyed by UV light, drying out, high
temperatures (which is helpful in west
Africa) and disinfectants including soapy
water and alcohol gel. The longest it is
likely to survive is a few days, if left in a
pool of bodily fluid in a cool, damp place.
Is food safe?
Yes, if it is cooked. The Ebola virus is
inactivated through cooking. Raw bush
meat is a risk. Past outbreaks of Ebola in
Africa came from the hunting, butchering
and preparing of bush meat for people to
eat.
29. Is Ebola virus airborne? Should I wear a
mask?
No. The virus is not airborne. In spite of
speculation, the UN Ebola Mission for
Emergency Response says extensive
studies of the virus have not shown any
airborne transmission . Patients do not
cough and sneeze a lot with this disease
and the WHO states in an advisory notice:
“Epidemiological data emerging from the
outbreak are not consistent with the pattern
of spread seen with airborne viruses, like
those that cause measles and chickenpox,
or the airborne bacterium that causes
tuberculosis.”
30. What if somebody coughs or sneezes in my face?
There is a theoretical possibility that a person heavily infected with Ebola
could cough violently and send wet, heavy droplets into the face of somebody
nearby. The person most at risk of catching Ebola this way would be whoever
is nursing the patient, and they would hopefully be wearing protective clothing
including a mask.
Could the Ebola virus mutate to change the way it is transmitted?
Although viruses do mutate, scientists say no virus, to their knowledge, has
changed its mode of transmission, and there is no evidence that it is
happening with Ebola.
Are spaceman-style protective suits any good, given that some health
workers wearing them have got Ebola?
They work as long as they are used properly. There are strict procedures for
taking them off when the gloves and outside of the suit may be covered in
virus. The US Centers for Disease Control has a guide for safe removal , to
ensure bare hands do not touch contaminated material.
31. A Muslim man holds his prayer beads as an Ebola burial team arrives to collect the body of a neighbor on October 10, 2014 of Monrovia, Liberia. (Getty Images/John
Moore)
32. A mosquito net hangs in a one-room apartment where an Ebola burial team had just collected the body of a four-year-old girl on October 10, 2014 in Monrovia,
Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
33. U.S. Marin es arrive to take part in Operation United Assista nce on October 9, 2014 near Monrovia, Liberia. Some 90 Marines arrived on KC-130 transport planes and
MV-22 Ospreys to support the American effort to contain the Ebola epidemic. The Ospreys, which can land vertically like helicopters, will transport U.S. troops and
supplies as they build 17 Ebola treatment centers around Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
34. A health worker washes his hands in chlorinated water while removing protective clothing after an hourlong shift in the high risk area of the Doctors Without
Borders (MSF), treatment center on October 5, 2014 in Paynesville, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
35. Sanitized gloves and boots hang to dry as a burial team collects Ebola victims from a Ministry of Health treatment center for cremation on October 2, 2014 in
Monrovia, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
36. A neighbor sits outside the locked door where Eric Duncan, the first Ebola patient to develop symptoms in the United States, rented a room on October 2, 2014 in
Monrovia, Liberia. Duncan, a Liberian citizen, reportedly physically assisted Marthalene Williams, 19, and 6 1/2 months pregnant, to a Monrovia hospital on
September 15, where she was turned away. She died on September 17 but not before probably infecting him, and he then flew to Dallas without showing symptoms,
arriving September 20 and became sick several days later. Officials say they up to 100 people in Dallas may have been exposed to the deadly virus by people who
Ducan came in contact with before he was admitted to Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital. (Getty Images/John Moore)
37. Doctors Without Borders (MSF) displays a family and home disinfection kit which MSF distributed on October 4, 2014 in New Kru Town, Liberia. MSF gave out
thousands of the kits in early morning distributions, some of 50,000 such "Ebola kits" to be given to families throughout the capital area. The kits, which include
buckets, soap, gloves, anti-contamination gowns, plastic bags, a spray bottle and masks, are meant to give people some level of protection if a family member
becomes sick, possibly from Ebola. (Getty Images/John Moore)
38. A child looks up as residents of an Ebola affected township wait before dawn to receive family and home disinfection kits distributed by Doctors Without Borders
(MSF), on October 4, 2014 in New Kru Town, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
39. A World Health Organization (WHO), instructor teaches ne w health workers during a training session on October 3, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. The WHO is training
some 400 new health workers in two-week courses for the Liberian Ministry of Health. Many of the new health workers will be stationed in some of th 17 Ebola
treatment units to be built by the U.S. military. (Getty Images/John Moore)
40. A Liberian health worker dressed in an anti-contamination suit speaks with a boy at a center for suspected Ebola patients, formerly the maternity ward at
Redemption Hospital on October 3, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
41. Maru, 3, waits outside to enter the ELWA 3 Doctors Without Borders Ebola treatment center on October 3, 2014 in Paynesville, Liberia. Filled to its current 250-bed
capacity, the center can only take in as many new Ebola patients as the number of people who die overnight. (Getty Images/John Moore)
42. A Doctors Without Borders (MSF), health worker in protective clothing holds a child suspected of having Ebola in the MSF treatment center on October 5, 2014 in
Paynesville, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
43.
44. A child, age 3, prepares to leave the Doctors Without
Borders (MSF), treatment center after recovering from
the Ebola virus on October 12, 2014 in Paynesville,
Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
end
45. Cast Ebola outbreak
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