This document discusses how hormones change with aging and menopause. It notes that hormones are produced by various organs and tissues in the body, including the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid glands, pancreas, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, and testes. These hormones decline with aging, which can affect functions like metabolism, bone health, blood glucose, and sex hormone levels. Symptoms of menopause like hot flashes and sleep issues are also discussed, as well as factors that affect the onset of menopause and treatment options. Depression is another common issue related to changing hormone levels during menopause.
3. HORMONES
Hormones are natural chemicals produced by the organs
and tissues of the body
Released into bloodstream and used by targeted organs
and control their function
Hormones are then broken down (metabolized) by body
after they are used
10. Factors that Affect the
Onset of Menopause
Earlier onset
Current smoking
Nulliparity
Pelvic radiation and chemotherapy
Medical treatment for depression
Familial
Later onset
Multiparity
Increased body mass index
Higher cognitive scores in childhood
Familial
14. Hot Flashes
Behavioral Interventions
Antidepressants : SSRI and SNRI
Gabapentin
Complementary and Alternative Therapy
Short term Hormone Therapy
15.
16. Sleep and Menopause
Frequent awakenings
Difficulty falling back to sleep
Difficulty falling asleep
More common in women with surgical menopause
Those with sleep difficulty are more likely to have
depressive symptoms
20. Hormones produced by Adipose
Leptin
Stimulates energy expenditure
Inhibits food intake
Restores euglycemia
Adiponectin
Increased insulin sensitivity
Energy expenditure
Reduced production of glucose by liver
Obesity is associated with Leptin Resistance
21. Obesity and Inflammation
Adipose (fat) is site of energy storage
As fat cells grow :
Invaded by Macrophages
TNF α and IL-6
Blocks insulin
Cause inflammation
Decrease in production of Adiponectin
24. Why It’s So Difficult to Lose
and Maintain Your Weight
Loss of sex hormones
Disruption of normal insulin function
Adipose tissue is self preserving
25. Depression
Ongoing feelings of sadness, guilt or hopelessness
Loss of interest in things you once enjoyed
Significant changes in sleep pattern
Fatigue or unexplained pain without cause
Changes in appetite
Feeling as though life isn’t worth living
26. Depression and Menopause
1.3 million women reach menopause annually
20% experience depression at some point
Risk is greater in perimenopause
Estradiol
decreases the level of enzyme that degrades 5HT and
Norepinephrine
increases the level of enzyme that produces serotonin
and norepinephrine
29. Additional References
• The Endocrine Society www.endo-society.org
• The Hormone Foundation www.hormone.org
• Highlights from the 66th Annual Meeting of the American Society for
Reproductive Medicine October 2010
• Mayo Clinic Proceedings June 2004
• Wwww.Women’s Health.gov
• Cleveland Clinic Center for Continuing Education
• Women’s Health Initiative: http://www.whiscience.org/
• The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS)
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov