Ergonomics is the science of adapting jobs and equipment to fit humans for optimal safety and productivity. The document discusses ergonomics of innovation and strategies for effective innovation, including naming problems to attract attention, setting specific and challenging goals, taking small but effective steps ("small wins"), using easily learned tools and practices ("affordances"), and leveraging external networks. It provides examples like IHI's efforts to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia and Walmart's attempts to combat climate change through energy savings.