1. Firearms, Tool Marks, and Other Impressions Chapter 15

11. Basic Handgun Frame

13. Anatomy of a Bullet Cartridge Jacket Bullets are used by rifles and handguns Shotguns use shells

17. Soft-point Bullet a.k.a soft-nose bullet A soft-point bullet , also known as a soft-nosed bullet , is a lead bullet with a copper or brass jacket that is left open at the tip, exposing some of the lead inside.

19. Rim-fire vs. Center-fire Cartridges Center-fire cartridges are usually more powerful than rim-fire ones.

20. Shotgun Shells The “bullet” part of the shotgun shell can either be tiny pellets or “shell” that spray out or a single “slug”. (Wad)

24. Is Bigger Better? 9mm soft point bullets

34. Two cartridges with the same firing pin imprint – positive I.D.

35. Firing Pin Drag Marks

36. 3. Casing Extraction and Ejection Marks Used cartridge casings are first removed from the chamber by extractor mechanisms. The casings are then dragged across the edge of the ejection port as they are ejected from the weapon. These extractor and ejector marks can be matched.

44. Distance Determination The greater the distance from the target, the farther the GSR will spread. 38 caliber at 12 inches

48. Positive Greiss Test

51. Shoeprint and Tire Tread Casting

52. THE END