2. British and Latin America The Latin American wars of independence were drawing to a close with the defeat of the Spanish forces in Peru at the decisive battle of Ayacucho. The leaders of the new nations regarded diplomatic recognition by the United Kingdom as essential for both their economic development and their political security. George Canning, the British Foreign Secretary, success in advancing Britain’s economic interests during the period of Latin American independence marked the culmination of more than two hundred years of attempts by privateers, merchants and ministers to break into the monopoly of the Spanish and Portuguese empires to promote Britain’s influence there against its commercial rivals, particularly the French.
3. British and Latin America The first real concessions came in 1810, when the British government negotiated preferential trading privileges in Brazil in return for its support for the Portuguese royal family during the Napoleonic Wars. Most every Latin country defaulted on their loans from Britain, all except Brazil. Between 1870 and 1914 Britain’s economic interests in Latin America reached their peak. In the major countries their influence appeared pervasive and almost unassailable. In Brazil they still appeared to possess a dominant role in public finance, shipping, the import trade, export credit, railways, cables and telegraphs. They also possessed interests in Mexico, Peru, Chile and Uruguay, and many smaller investments elsewhere. Yet by the middle of the 20th century Britain’s influence had disintegrated. The First World War permitted the United States to gain ground in Latin America at the expense of the European powers. It also transformed Britain from a substantial international creditor into a debtor.
4. Latin America’s Wars of the 19th Century The most vivid causes for wars have been the race war, the ideology of independence, the controversy of separation versus union, boundary disputes, territorial conquests, caudilloism, resource wars, intraclass struggles, interventions cause by capitalism, and religious wars.
5. America’s Film Series The people of Latin America believe they must fight in order to achieve the change they want. Argentina is as much a country of immigrants as the United States; there are no rules against immigrants like countries to the north of them. The tango was introduced not only as a dance, but as a reminder of the disappointments of Argentina and loss hopes. The country was filled with leaders being forced out of office, which for many years brought a crisis to the people.
6. The Second World The North American Free Trade Agreement was supposed to propel Mexico into the first world, but on the day it went into effect the Zapatista National Liberation Army began an all-out insurgency to draw attention to the plight of marginalized farmers, seizing four southern municipalities and assassinating two top leaders of the governing PRI Party. Mexico now lies forever under America’s strategic umbrella.
7. The Second World Once a colonial jewel, the Mexican state of Oaxaca in 2006 witnessed months of brutal clashes involving armed gangs, police squads, and indigenous activists, destroying its tourism industry. Because Mexicans are the only immigrant group with a historical claim to U.S. territory, the waves of Hispanic migration to the United States have been dubbed the “Reconquista” by Mexican writers.
8. The Second World Not only are regions of the southwestern United States economically integrated with Mexico, but in states with large Hispanic populations, such as California, Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico, dual loyalties are the norm. Spanish is rapidly growing as America’s second language, and the two dozen Latino members of Congress are but one sign of the recent spike in the immigrant influence in national politics.
9. The Second World One of the underemphasized benefits of globalization is that any small country feeling underserved by its large, wealthy neighbors can seek attention in the geopolitical marketplace. If America cannot demonstrate it hemispheric benevolence in its backyard, such leadership could rise northward from South America itself.
10. 2010 Brazil Presidential Election The Brazilian presidential election of 2010 was held with two rounds of voting. The election determined the successor to President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. According to the Constitution, the president is elected directly for a four-year term, with a lime of two consecutive terms. Both candidates offered little threat to the economic stability of the country, but did differ significantly on issues such as fiscal discipline, foreign policy and state intervention. The two candidates were DilmaRousseff and Sao Paulo State.
11. 2010 Brazil Presidential Election On Rouseff’s campaign she talked about issues in public health, education, welfare, employment, and public safety. A big issue with public health involve the huge addiction to crack cocaine, she said that she wanted to make health clinics to help the people with their addiction. Rouseff won the first polling with almost 50% of the votes, and she also won the second round with over 55% of the votes.
