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Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs
- 1. We are Traffic: Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs Krista Nordback, Ph.D., P.E. Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium (OTREC) Portland State University
- 2. Overview • • • • Introduction Traffic Monitoring Programs Non-Motorized Count Programs Conclusions & Recommendations
- 3. INTRODUCTION
- 4. Why measure walking & biking?
- 5. Why measure walking & biking? • Funding & policy decisions
- 6. Why measure walking & biking? • Funding & policy decisions • To show change over time
- 7. Why measure walking & biking? • Funding & policy decisions • To show change over time • Facility design
- 8. Why measure walking & biking? • • • • Funding & policy decisions To show change over time Facility design Planning (short-term, long-term, regional…)
- 9. Why measure walking & biking? • • • • • Funding & policy decisions To show change over time Facility design Planning (short-term, long-term, regional…) Economic impact
- 10. Why measure walking & biking? • • • • • • Funding & policy decisions To show change over time Facility design Planning (short-term, long-term, regional…) Economic impact Public health
- 11. Why measure walking & biking? • • • • • • • Funding & policy decisions To show change over time Facility design Planning (short-term, long-term, regional…) Economic impact Public health Safety
- 12. How many bike and walk? • Surveys – National – Regional – Local • Counts – Permanent – Short duration
- 14. State Traffic Monitoring Permanent Counters Commonly inductive loops Metro Count Accessed 6/13/13 http://mtehelp.tech-metrocount.com/article.aspx?key=mc5805 Short Duration Counters Commonly pneumatic tubes
- 16. Colorado’s Short Duration Traffic Counts CDOT OTIS Accessed 6/18/13 http://dtdapps.coloradodot.info/Otis/HighwayData#/ui/0/1/criteria/~/184.667/210.864
- 18. Use AADT to Estimate VMT COLORADO HIGHWAYS Sum (AADT X Segment Length) over network to compute Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
- 19. Can we apply these methods to biking and walking?
- 20. Compute Annual Average Daily Bicyclists (AADB) AADT for bicyclists!
- 21. Traffic Monitoring Guide 2013: Chapter 4 for Nonmotorized Traffic
- 25. National Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Project Manual Counts: 2 hours 5 to 7pm Tues, Wed, or Thurs in mid-September http://bikepeddocumentation.org/
- 27. Inductive loop counters in bike lanes
- 28. Combined Bicycle and Pedestrian Continuous Counter
- 33. Urban vs. Rural
- 35. Traffic Monitoring Guide 2013 Update, Chapter 4.
- 37. Daily Patterns 180% 160% 140% % of AADB 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Colorado Example (Bikes only)
- 38. 12:00 AM 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM % of AADB Hourly Commute Pattern 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% City of Boulder Example (Bikes only)
- 39. 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 Average Hourly Volume Hourly Non-commute Pattern 400 Jan 350 Feb Mar 300 Apr 250 May 200 Jun Jul 150 Aug 100 Sep 50 Oct Nov 0 Source: Pam Johnson, PSU Dec
- 41. 12 Possible groups 3 Daily Patterns Commute In Between Non-Commute
- 42. 12 Possible groups 3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns Commute Commute In Between Non-Commute Non-Commute
- 43. 12 Possible groups 3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns 2 Annual Patterns Commute Commute Commute In Between Non-Commute Non-Commute Non-Commute
- 44. 12 Possible groups 3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns 2 Annual Patterns Commute Commute Commute In Between Non-Commute Non-Commute Non-Commute
- 45. 12 Possible groups 3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns 2 Annual Patterns Commute Commute Commute In Between Non-Commute Non-Commute Non-Commute
- 46. 12 Possible groups 3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns 2 Annual Patterns Commute Commute Commute In Between Non-Commute Non-Commute Non-Commute
- 49. Factoring Method Adapted from Traffic Monitoring Guide AADB = Cknown* D * M Cknown = 24-hour count D = Daily Factor M = Monthly Factor
- 50. Factoring Method Adapted from Traffic Monitoring Guide AADB = Cknown* D * M Cknown = 24-hour count D = Daily Factor M = Monthly Factor
- 51. Monthly Factor M= AADB MADB where MADB = Ave daily bike count in that month
- 52. Monthly Factor June M= AADB MADB = 500 1,000 where MADB = Ave daily bike count in that month
- 53. Monthly Factor June M= AADB MADB = 500 1,000 = 0.5 where MADB = Ave daily bike count in that month
- 54. Monthly Factor June M= AADB MADB = 500 1,000 = 0.5 Daily counts in June are twice AADB. where MADB = Ave daily bike count in that month
- 58. Precision of Monthly Factors How many counters/group? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Non-Commute Factors Commute Counters Average 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314 Number of Counters
- 67. Short Duration Counters • Pedestrian Manual Infrared • Bicycle Manual Pneumatic Tube Counters
- 68. Traffic Monitoring Guide 2013 Update, Chapter 4.
- 70. Potential Selection Criteria • Variety of facility types – On-street – Path • Variety of land uses – Central business district – Residential – School/University • Technology related criteria
- 72. Average Absolute % Difference Count Duration 70% 60% 50% 1 week 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 200 400 Count Duration (hours) 600
- 74. Absolute % Error in AADT Estimate Schedule Counts 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Month 9 10 11 12 May to October best for Colorado
- 76. Factoring Method Adapted from Traffic Monitoring Guide AADB = Cknown* D * M Cknown = 24-hour count D = Daily Factor M = Monthly Factor
- 77. AADB
- 78. VMT for bicycles
- 80. Summary • Traffic Monitoring Guide Approach: – Permanent Count Program – Short Duration Count Program – Compute AADT for Bikes and Pedestrians
- 82. Recommendations • Both permanent and short duration count programs are needed. • Continuous counters are needed! • Prefer 1 week short count • Short duration counts in high volume months – summer • Integrate bike/ped counts into traffic data for preservation and access
- 83. Balance Permanent and Short Duration Programs SHORT PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM DURATION COUNT PROGRAM
- 86. Example
- 87. 1st Year SHORT PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM 1 Permanent Counter DURATION COUNT PROGRAM 20 Manual Counts
- 88. 2nd Year SHORT PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM 1 Permanent Counter Rotate 1 counter all summer DURATION COUNT PROGRAM 24 Automated Short Duration Sites (one week per site)
- 89. 3rd Year PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM 5 Permanent Counters SHORT DURATION COUNT PROGRAM Rotate 2 counters all summer 48 Automated Short Duration Sites (one week per site)
- 90. 4th Year SHORT DURATION COUNT PROGRAM PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM 6 Permanent Counters Rotate 5 counters all summer 120 Automated Short Duration Sites (one week per site)
- 91. 10th Year SHORT DURATION COUNT PROGRAM PERMANENT COUNT PROGRAM 12 Permanent Counters Rotate 10 counters all summer on 3 year rotation 720 Automated Short Duration Sites (one week per site) on 3 year rotation
- 92. On-going Work • Colorado, Vermont, Minnesota, Oregon, North Carolina, Washington State DOT’s are developing programs. • TRB Bike/Ped Data Subcommittee • FHWA to include bike/ped counts in Travel Monitoring Analysis System (TMAS) • OTREC’s Bike/Ped Data Archive