1. Flexible light weight solar cell laminates:
Dr. Gert Jan Jongerden
Helianthos bv
company confidential

2. Helianthos – light weight flexible solar laminates
 Our Star: the SUN
 Thin Film Solar Cells
 Light weight thin film solar laminates
 Helianthos
• Product & Technology
• Application and Market
• Next steps
 Outlook and Conclusions
Helianthos solar cells foil
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3. Our star: The SUN
• Solar irradiation
- On the earth surface ~ 1000 W/m2
- Irradiation 800 – 2500 kWh/m2.yr
- Capacity factor ~8000
(= yearly irradiation/annual primary energy consumption)
- Even for medium eff. solar cells (9%) in Netherlands : 3500 kWh
per year with < 50 m2 solar cells sufficient for an average
household
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4. SOLAR ENERGY
(direct conversion)
Solar Thermal Photovoltaic (PV) Concentrated Solar Power
= heat from sunlight direct conversion of (CSP)
(solar collector) light into electricity … in sunny deserts
Thin film PV solar modules
wafer based cells Future technologies
(glass panels &
Flat plate & concentrator nanolayers / ‘solar paint’
flexible laminates
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5. Thin film solar cells
protective layer
TCO - transparent
front contact
electron active layer
hole
back contact
substrate
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6. Thin film PV – a Darwinian sea with developing species
Thin Film Silicon a- CdTe CIGS DSC & Organic PV
Si/(µc-Si)
Eff. large area a-Si single 9 – 12% 10 – 13% 3 – 6%
panels (1 m2) 5- 8%
Tandem*
8 – 12 %
Eff. potential 12% 14% 16% n.a.
Record cells a-Si 10 % 16.5% 20.1% 12.1%
tandem 13.4 %
(0.25 - 1 cm2)
triple 15%
+ robust, abundant low costs efficiency low cost process
materials, costs (?)
? Efficiency Cadmium Moisture Efficiency,
Te availability sensitivity stability/durability
In availability
Substrates of glass glass/glass glass/glass glass/glass
power modules flexible flexible flexible in dev.
TF Production ~500 1150 ~200 n.a.
2009 (MW)
2009: large area eff. of 9% achieved in production glass panels
pilot record modules ~0.1 m2 up to 11% eff.
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7. Thin film PV – a Darwinian sea with developing species
Thin Film Silicon a- CdTe CIGS DSC & Organic PV
Si/(µc-Si)
Eff. large area a-Si single 9 – 12% 10 – 13% 3 – 6%
panels (1 m2) 5- 8%
Tandem*
8 – 12 %
Eff. potential 12% 14% 16% n.a.
Record cells a-Si 10 % 16.5% 20.1% 12.1%
tandem 13.4 %
(0.25 - 1 cm2)
+
triple 15%
robust, abundant low costs
Thin film Silicon PVlow cost process
efficiency
will
materials, costs be a typical survivor
(?)
? Efficiency Cadmium Moisture Efficiency,
•Competitive kWh
Te availability sensitivity costs
stability/durability
In availability
•Abundant materials
Substrates of glass glass/glass glass/glass glass/glass
power modules flexible •Development potential in dev.
flexible flexible
TF Production ~500 1150 ~200 n.a.
2009 (MW)
2009: large area eff. of 9% achieved in production glass panels
pilot record modules ~0.1 m2 up to 11% eff.
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8. Helianthos solar cells foil
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9. Highly attractive for applications and markets requiring
light weight and flexibility
 Industrial roofs, BIPV
(building integrated PV)
 Mobile/ automotive
 Functional textiles
 Military/ outdoor
 Consumer applications
 Rural / remote habitation
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10. Objective: cost competitive solar electricity using
integration in building materials and easy installation
Module efficiency %
kWh costs ↓
Today main
solar tech
c-Si wafer
System Costs (€/Wp) ↓
Helianthos
Module costs ↓ + System integration costs ↓
Cost * € /kWh
Solar cell laminate products:
 Roll-to-Roll production technology
 Flexible & lightweight modules
 Thin film silicon technology: abundant, robust
 Pilot: a-Si single cells PV laminate
 Future production: a-Si/µc-Si tandem cells PV laminate
Saving materials, continuous processes,
simple installation & combining functions
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11. Nuon Helianthos – SMU located in Arnhem
Helianthos bv
Westervoortsedijk 71k
6827 AV Arnhem, The Netherlands
+31 26 3651100
helianthos@nuon.com
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13. Flexible Helianthos laminate:
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14. Flexible Helianthos laminate: >99% packaging
~200 µm Transparent encapsulation
Transparent Conductor
~<2 µm Active layer (a-Si/µc-Si)
Metallic back contact
~200 µm
Carrier & encapsulation
+roofing
materials
Energy pay back time: 0.8 – 1.3 yr
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17. TCO, textured SnO2 layer partially covered with
thin film amorphous silicon solar cell layers
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23. Outdoor monitoring
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24. Very stable performance
 Testing according to IEC 61646
 Example: Damp heat test < 5% in 1000 hours 85 C, 85% RH
 Excellent behavior ~8% degradation in 8000 hours
 Our interest : unravelling operating mechanisms
Duration IEC test
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25. Increasing efficiency: Tandem
 top cell (a-Si:H): 0.2 – 0.3 µm
 bottom cell (µc-Si:H): 1- 3 µm
 Perspective large area efficiency 8 –12%
Stabilised Voc Jsc FF Eff(%)
(1000 hr) (V) (mA/cm2) stab.
LM32331 1.35 10.2 0.653 9.1
LM32331 1.37 10.3 0.647 9.1
Cell area 5 cm2
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26. Efficiency potential- modeling >15% cell eff.
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27. Value chain Helianthos PV-laminate
Helianthos Helianthos distribution Building Integrated
PV-laminate installable products installation PV
Helianthos light weight solar cell laminates address the large
(separate) market of BIPV & industrial roofing
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28. Market development favorable for
cost efficient rooftop and BIPV products
Source: EPIA , EUPD, Accelios
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29. Helianthos self-adhesive flexible solar cell foil
for integration on:
Bituminous roofing PVC/ TPO/ EPDM roofing Metal roofing panels
 Various self adhesives (stick and peel), tuned and certified to be used in
combination with different roofing materials and roofing materials
manufacturers
• with or without use of a roofing primer
• on existing roofs with a good surface quality and > 25 years lifetime
expectancy or newly placed roofs
• As a BIPV or BAPV system
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30. Helianthos’ next milestone is a production factory
• Next steps:
• achieve milestones
• attract investment partner
• gradual expansion to (tandem) volume production
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31. Summary
 Light Weight flexible thin film solar laminates
• Combining energy & building functions for competitive kWh costs
• Thin film silicon: a species with survival ‘genes’
 Helianthos :
• Proprietary roll-to-roll thin film silicon product & technology
• Product fit for volume market: BIPV/large roofs & integration
• Growth opportunity for value creation
Helianthos solar cells foil
• Preparing next step: inviting investment partner(s)
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32. Endless energy from solar foil
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