Class notes.

1. STATES OF MATTER
and the Kinetic Theory

2. MATTER
•Is everywhere
•Occupies space and has mass.

3. SOLIDS•Definite volume and
shape at a given
temperature
•Usually expand slightly
when heated and
contract when cooled.

4. LIQUIDS
•Have a fixed
volume at a given
temperature but
will take the shape
of the container.
•Expand/contract
slightly when
heated/cooled
•Compressible

5. GASES•Have no definite
shape nor volume
at a given
temperature.
•Volume is greatly
affected by
temperature
•compressible

6. LIQUID CRYSTALS
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7. LIQUID CRYSTALS
• An unusual state of matter
• Look and flow like liquids
• Have some properties of crystals (solids)
• Digital watches, calculators, computer
and t.v. screens

8. KINETIC THEORY - EXPLAINS THE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES OF MATTER IN TERMS OF THE MOVEMENT
OF ITS CONSTITUENT PARTS.

9. KINETIC THEORY
•All matter is made up of tiny, moving
particles
•These particles are constantly moving
•↑ temp ↑ speed
•↓ temp ↓ speed
•Heavier particles move slower than lighter
ones at a given temperature

10. SOLIDS
• Particles vibrate
around a fixed
point.
• Regular structure

11. LIQUIDS
• Particles are free to
move around each
other
• Particles collide
often

12. GASES
• Particles move
freely and at
random in all
space available
• Collisions are less
often than liquid

13. DIFFUSION
EVIDENCE OF MOVING PARTICLES
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14. DIFFUSION -EVIDENCE OF MOVING PARTICLES
• Diffusion is the spreading out of a gas or a
liquid.
• Gasses diffuse to fill the space they are in.
• The rate of diffusion depends on the weight of
the molecules. Lighter particles move faster
than heavier ones.

15. DIFFUSION -EVIDENCE OF MOVING PARTICLES
• Diffusion of liquids is slower than gases
because the particles are moving slower.
• Intimate mixing – diffusion between a
liquid and gas
• Brownian motion – random movement of
particles caused by other smaller ones.