The Successful Cross Country Part 2 (2010)
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The Successful Cross Country Part 2 (2010)
- 1. The Successful Cross-Country Part 2 Federal Aviation Administration
- 2. The Successful Cross-Country Part 2 x Federal Aviation Administration 2
- 3. Some helpful tips for using this presentation… Most slides of this presentation contain an associated “NOTES” Page. These “notes” are designed as “Instructor’s Talking Points.” They are global in nature and intended to remind the instructor of areas to emphasize and lessons-to-belearned. To ensure all notes are displayed, utilize the scroll down feature. Federal Aviation Administration 3
- 4. Some helpful tips for using this presentation… To access the NOTES page from the full screen presentation, press Esc on the keyboard and right mouse click the notes page ICON. To return to the full screen presentation with animation, select the full screen ICON. ICON to access the NOTES page ICON to run the full screen presentation with animation and no displayed notes. Federal Aviation Administration 4
- 5. Some helpful tips for using this presentation… Those slides with a black X on a yellow background in the lower left corner contain no “notes”. Indicates slide has no associated notes section. Federal Aviation Administration 5
- 6. Part 2 – Lessons 1. 2. 3. 4. xx Operating at a Non-Towered Airport Using the Airport/Facility Directory (AFD ) Utilizing AFSS, ARTCC, ASOS and ATIS Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) Federal Aviation Administration 6
- 7. This document has been prepared for training purposes only and sets forth general principles and guidance concerning good operating procedures for avoiding surface incidents and runway incursions. It is neither mandatory nor regulatory in nature. x Federal Aviation Administration 7
- 8. Destination: Ottumwa Airport (OTM) FOD AFSS Chicago Center OTM IXD COU AFSS Kansas City Center Federal Aviation Administration 8
- 9. Preparing for arrival at Ottumwa 50 miles out, start building situational awareness about Ottumwa airport. What is situational awareness and how do I build it? @50 Miles or @30 minutes out Federal Aviation Administration 9
- 10. Building situational awareness - AFSS Now I’m going to contact FOD FSS for an update on NOTAMS at OTM Federal Aviation Administration 10
- 11. Building situational awareness - AFSS FOD AFSS “Personnel and equipment working adjacent to all surfaces” Are farmers working fields or are mowing operations being conducted? Federal Aviation Administration 11
- 12. Farmers and mowers working adjacent to runways are usually unaware of the potential hazards posed by landing and departing aircraft. Additionally, pilots are often times unaware of their presence. Federal Aviation Administration 12
- 13. Additionally, at non-towered airports be “heads up” for uncontrolled vehicular traffic. Federal Aviation Administration 13
- 14. FOD AFSS Building situational awareness - AFSS “New Taxiway A parallel to Runway 13, 36 feet wide.” ? What is the geometry of new taxiway to Runway 13/31? Federal Aviation Administration 14
- 15. Building situational awareness What kind of signs, markings And lighting might I see at A non-towered airport? Federal Aviation Administration 15
- 16. Building Situational Awareness - ASOS “Winds 220 at 4 knots, Visibility 6 Statute Miles”. I’m Going to Listen to ASOS for Current Weather Conditions Federal Aviation Administration 16
- 17. Building situational awareness - ARTCC Contact Chicago center on 118.15 and ask for traffic advisories. I wonder what other traffic is inbound or outbound? Federal Aviation Administration 17
- 18. Building situational awareness - AFD Let’s review the AFD airport diagram & remarks section Federal Aviation Administration 18
- 19. Building situational awareness - AFD Should I expect all operations from Runway 31? Federal Aviation Administration 19
- 20. Building situational awareness - AFD Is it right or left traffic ? ? ? Federal Aviation Administration 20
- 21. Building situational awareness - AFD I better be “heads up for crossing traffic! Intersecting runways… hmmm? Federal Aviation Administration 21
- 22. Building situational awareness - AFD What about headon traffic? Federal Aviation Administration 22
- 23. Building situational awareness - AFD Some aircraft may be operating with no radio or not using CTAF? Federal Aviation Administration 23
- 24. Building situational awareness - AFD Are runways used as taxiways? Federal Aviation Administration 24
- 25. Building situational awareness - AFD Within 5 miles of the airport Where do I expect their drop zone? Federal Aviation Administration 25
- 26. Building situational awareness - AFD Do I expect them to be radio equipped? Federal Aviation Administration 26
- 27. The AFD doesn’t mention crop dusters. Does that mean they don’t work from OTM? Calm winds and crop dusters go hand in hand. It’s a business and they often Federal Aviation land on the most convenient runway. Administration 27
- 28. The AFD doesn’t mention student pilot, military or glider operations? E tt ec xp u he d! cte pe ex n Federal Aviation Administration 28
- 29. Building situational awareness - AFD During calm winds what caution must be exercised during departure and arrival? Awareness that simultaneous multiple runway traffic may be possible and position and intention announcement on CTAF is critical. Federal Aviation Administration 29
- 30. Chicago Center Building situational awareness - CTAF “Radar services terminated, frequency change approved”. I’m switching to common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF) on 123.0 and start LISTENING for other arrival and departure traffic! Federal Aviation Administration 30
- 31. CTAF and UNICOM – understanding the difference x Federal Aviation Administration 31
- 32. CTAF: used by all aircraft to facilitate cooperation/coordination in their use of the al are generally airport. These conversations on and or landing of ti related to the actual takeoff ra aircraft, but special activities close to the pe O airport such as ballooning, gliding, parachuting or stunt flying will often be accomplished by announcements on this frequency. Unicom: a communication facility which ve ti may provide airport information. Used to ra st communicate with ni FBO! dm A i FAA Handbook 7110.10p Federal Aviation Administration 32
- 33. Bonus question time! Federal Aviation Administration 33
- 35. 10 miles out, continue to build situational awareness. Select the runway and make your position and intention report on CTAF 123.0 10 Miles “Ottumwa traffic, N252KT 10 miles south at 3,000, landing Runway 31 Ottumwa.” Federal Aviation Administration 35
- 36. Continue to monitor CTAF Hmmm.. That’s not what I expected the new taxiway to look like! “Ottumwa traffic, N252KT entering downwind Runway 31, Ottumwa” Federal Aviation Administration 36
- 37. “Ottumwa traffic, N123Q is clear of Runway 31, Ottumwa” Continue to listen on CTAF for other traffic “Ottumwa traffic, N252KT final Runway 31 full stop, Ottumwa”. Federal Aviation Administration 37
- 38. “Ottumwa traffic, N252KT is clear of Runway 31, Ottumwa” Should I stop Before crossing the intersecting runway? Am I approaching the boundary of the runway safety area? Federal Aviation Administration 38
- 39. I need to stop and look both ways for conflicting traffic before crossing! View from inside cockpit What marking defines the boundary of the runway safety area? Federal Aviation Administration 39
- 40. Let’s see, I should be about right here with a left hand turn into parking. View from inside cockpit Federal Aviation Administration 40
- 41. Lineman in sight! Federal Aviation Administration 41
- 42. Planning the departure from OTM FOD AFSS “ There are no WX advisories across the route. Automated observations enroute reporting clear below 12 thousand. Forecast surface winds for OMA 19008.” NOTAM’s –OMA ILS RWY 32L OTS TFR – Avoid the airspace in the vicinity of power plants. No circling or loitering Federal Aviation authorized. Administration 42
- 43. Planning the departure from OTM Review OMA diagram: •Complex layout •24 hour towered airport..commercial ops •Anticipated landing runway..based on forecast winds •Locate general aviation parking •Anticipated taxi route Federal Aviation Administration 43
- 44. Planning the departure from OTM Also be alert to any cautions annotated on airport diagram Federal Aviation Administration 44
- 45. Planning the departure from OTM Study OTM diagram again: Determine departure runway Study anticipated taxi route Determine run-up area Federal Aviation Administration 45
- 46. X KT 005 23 ? With the winds 23005 KT, you contemplate an intersection departure from Runway 22. What questions should you first resolve to help make this decision? Federal Aviation Administration 46
- 47. Can you accurately determine the runway remaining from this intersection? X •Wind direction and speed •Pressure altitude •Outside air temperature •Aircraft gross weight KT 005 23 •Runway available •Runway surface •Runway grade •Environmental conditions •Obstacle clearance Federal •Time on runwayAviation taxi) (back Administration 47
- 48. After engine start Monitor CTAF to gain situational awareness ? “Ottumwa traffic, N111AX downwind Runway 31, Ottumwa” Federal Aviation Administration 48
- 49. Look at airport diagram and determine taxi route. Looks like an easy taxi route to Runway 22 Federal Aviation Administration 49
- 50. Taxi “Ottumwa traffic, N252KT, FBO, taxiing to Runway 22, Ottumwa”. Federal Aviation Administration 50
- 51. How many runway hold markings would you expect to see on this non-towered airport and at what locations? 5 Runway Hold Marking Federal Aviation Administration 51
- 52. As you approach the runway you notice this sign array. What does it mean? It means you are located at the intersection of Taxiway C and Runway 4-22. RED..Runway Ahead Federal Aviation Administration 52
- 53. It also means that there will be a runway hold marking painted across Taxiway C abeam the sign array Federal Aviation Administration 53
- 54. Ottumwa is a non-towered airport. Do you have to stop at this location? Federal Aviation Administration 54
- 55. What does This mean? You also notice a yellow caution sign located next to the runway hold sign array. Federal Aviation Administration 55
- 56. It means you could possibly have restricted line of sight to any or all of the other runway approach ends. Federal Aviation Administration 56
- 57. You’ve decided to use the entire length of the runway for takeoff. Before entering the runway for back taxi, what actions should be performed? “Ottumwa traffic, N252KT back taxi Runway 22 Ottumwa.” Look both directions for conflicting traffic. Determine position and intentions of other OTM traffic Federal Announce position and intentions on CTAF. Aviation Administration 57
- 58. Where’s that guy Who called base A few minutes ago? “Ottumwa traffic, N252KT departing runway 22 northwest, Ottumwa.” Federal Aviation Administration 58
- 59. Now, remember about line Of sight restrictions and potential Crossing traffic 300 2 KT 5 Federal Aviation Administration 59
- 60. Quincy Regional-Baldwin Field, November 19, 1996 Two aircraft collided at a runway intersection at a NON-TOWERED airport resulting in 14Federal Aviation fatalities Administration 60
- 61. Bonus question time! Federal Aviation Administration 61
- 63. End of Part 2 After initial call: “Chicago center, N252KT 5 west Ottumwa, climbing VFR to 6500 for flight following to Omaha.” What did that TFR say about power plants? x Federal Aviation Administration 63
Notas del editor
- YOU HAVE NOW TRANSITIONED INTO CHICAGO CENTER AIRSPACE. YOU ARE EXITING COLUMBIA AFSS COVERAGE AND ENTERING FORT DODGE AFSS SERVICING AREA.
- 50 MILES IS NOT A MAGICAL NUMBER, PICK WHATEVER DISTANCE OR TIME TO DESTINATION IS COMFORTABLE FOR YOU. OBVIOUSLY THE HIGHER YOUR ALTITUDE THE FARTHER OUT YOU WILL BE ABLE TO CONTACT THE AFSS. WHAT DOES SITUATIONAL AWARENESS MEAN TO YOU?
- FOD AFSS FREQUENCIES ARE FOUND IN THE COMMUNICATIONS SECTION OF THE AFD AND ON SECTIONAL CHARTS. REMEMBER COLUMBIA AFSS WILL NOT HAVE LOCAL NOTAMS FOR OTTUMWA WHAT FACILITIES SHOULD YOU BE LISTENING AND TALKING TO? AWOS, CHICAGO CENTER AND FOD AFSS POSSIBLY. WHAT ORDER? WHAT PUBLICATIONS WOULD CONTAIN THE FREQUENCIES YOU NEED? HOW DO YOU PREPARE SO YOU HAVE A RELATIVE EASY TIME WITH THIS PROCESS?
- PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT WORKING (PAEW) IS A LOCAL NOTAM THAT YOU WON’T GET WHEN YOU LEAVE IXD. WHERE WILL YOU EXPECT PAEW TO BE WORKING? DO YOU EXPECT PAEW TO BE RADIO EQUIPPED AND ANNOUNCING THEIR POSITION AND INTENTIONS ON CTAF? PAY ATTENTION AS THE RUNWAY MAY BE “OCCUPIED” UPON YOUR ARRIVAL. DON’T EXPECT PAEW TO BE AWARE OF YOU ARRIVAL. NO LEAD TIME IS REQUIRED ON PAEW NOTAMS. IF THE RUNWAY IS CLOSED, FOD AFSS SHOULD INFORM YOU, IF THEY DON’T GIVE YOU RUNWAY STATUS, ASK THEM.
- FARMERS AND TRACTOR DRIVERS ARE PROBABLY NOT AWARE OF THE RUNWAY SAFETY AREA (RSA) BOUNDARIES AND PROBABLY CAN’T HEAR YOU EITHER TAKING OFF OR LANDING. BE CAUTIOUS.
- THE VEHICULAR TRAFFIC ON NON TOWERED AIRPORTS IS NON-CONTROLLED AND PROBABLY UNAWARE OF YOUR PRESENCE. BE CAUTIOUS.
- WHAT DO YOU EXPECT THE NEW PARALLEL TAXIWAY TO LOOK LIKE? A 36 FT WIDE TAXIWAY COMPARED TO THE STANDARD 50 OR 75 FT TAXIWAY MEANS “NARROW”.
- DON’T BE SURPRISED TO SEE SIGNS, MARKINGS AND LIGHTING THAT ARE NON-STANDARD, NON-EXISTENT AND OR IN DISREPAIR!
- DIAL UP THE ASOS FREQUENCIES AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE, ALTITUDE DEPENDENT. THE ASOS FREQUENCIES CAN BE FOUND IN THE AFD AND ON SECTIONAL CHARTS WITH WINDS AT 4 KNOTS, WHAT ARE THE LANDING RUNWAY CONSIDERATIONS? EVEN THOUGH THE AFSS GAVE YOU CURRENT WEATHER, CONDITIONS MAY CHANGE AFTER OBTAINING THE BRIEF.
- CHICAGO CENTER, WORKLOAD DEPENDENT, CAN ADVISE OF ANY KNOWN TRAFFIC NEAR OTM. TRAFFIC MUST BE WITHIN CENTER’S RADAR COVERAGE - 2500 MSL, THEREFORE OTHER INBOUND AND OUTBOUND TRAFFIC MUST BE ABOVE THIS ALTITUDE TO BE SEEN BY CENTER FOR ADVISORY SERVICE. IF TRAFFIC IS BELOW RADAR COVERAGE, CENTER WILL NOT BE OF HELP. DON’T BE INTIMIDATED. ARTCC IS A SERVICE AND A GOOD SOURCE OF INFORMATION, SO USE THEM!
- ASK AUDIENCE TO LOOK AT HANDOUT EXAMPLES OF AFD. THE AFD MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE AN AIRPORT SKETCH OR AN AIRPORT DIAGRAM, ESPECIALLY IF THE AIRPORT IS NON-TOWERED. THE AIRPORT DIAGRAM WILL BE LOCATED IN THE BACK OF THE AFD. STUDY THE AIRPORT DIAGRAM FOR RUNWAY ORIENTATION AND TAXIWAYS SUPPORTING THE FACILITY. WHAT WILL BE THE ANTICIPATED TAXI IN ROUTE? ARE ANY RUNWAYS USED AS TAXIWAYS? CAREFULLY STUDY THE AIRPORT REMARKS SECTION.
- HEADS UP DURING CALM WINDS. REMEMBER CALM WINDS ARE CROP DUSTERS BEST FRIENDS. THEY WILL UTILIZE THE NEAREST AVAILABLE RUNWAY. OTM PRESENTS CROSSING RUNWAYS AND DURING CALM WINDS ALL RUNWAYS COULD BE IN USE. THIS COULD MEAN CROSSING AND HEAD ON TRAFFIC. REMEMBER THIS IS A NON-TOWERED AIRPORT AND THERFORE THE USE OF CTAF FOR TRAFFIC SEPARATION IS CRITICAL.
- IF NOT ANNOTATED IN AFD, EXPECT LEFT TRAFFIC. DISCUSS SEGMENTED CIRCLE WIND SOCK-SHOWS WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED TETRAHEDRON – SHOWS LANDING DIRECTION LANDING STRIP INDICATOR– TRAFFIC PATTERN INDICATOR – SHOWS DIRECTION OF PATTERN FOR SPECIFIC LANDING STRIP IF YOU SEE A SEGMENTED CIRCLE YOU CAN NORMALLY ASSUME THAT THE PATTERN IS NON STANDARD!
- EMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF CTAF. IF NOT SPECIFIED IN AFD, WHAT IS THE PATTERN ALTITUDE? PROPS – NORMALLY 600AGL TO 1,500 AGL LARGE AND TURBINES – 1,500 AGL NOTE: BE AWARE OF AIRCRAFT OVERFLYING AIRPORT AT 1500-2000 AGL. MANY AIRPORTS HAVE MISSED APPROACH AND HOLDING FIXES LOCATED AT THE FIELD AT THESE ALTITUDES.
- ONCE AGAIN USE AND MONITOR CTAF.
- EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED.
- OTTUMWA PRESENTS A COMMON PROBLEM WITH MANY NON-TOWERED AIRPORTS. MANY RUNWAYS ARE NOT SUPPORTED BY ADJOINING TAXIWAYS. THEREFORE, MANY RUNWAYS WILL HAVE TO BE USED AS TAXIWAYS TO GET FROM THE RUNWAY TO THE RAMP AND VISA VERSA.
- ASK CHICAGO CENTER FOR “JUMPERS IN THE AIR” STATUS. CENTER WILL KNOW WHEN “JUMPERS AWAY” AND WHEN THEY ARE ON THE GROUND. THIS IS MANDATORY REQUIREMENT FOR JUMPING IN CENTER AIRSPACE. THE PLATFORM AIRCRAFT MUST GET CLEARANCE FROM CENTER TO RELEASE JUMPERS. LISTEN ON CTAF FREQUENCY FOR A “SKYDIVERS AWAY” OR “JUMPERS AWAY” CALL FROM THE PLATFORM AIRCRAFT.
- THESE AIRCRAFT ARE SMALL AND SLOW AND WILL PROBABLY NOT BE USING CTAF FREQUENCY TO BROADCAST THEIR POSITION AND INTENTIONS. THESE AIRCRAFT MAY NOT EVEN HAVE A RADIO.
- THESE GUYS HAVE A BUSINESS TO RUN AND WILL USE THE MOST EXPEDITIOUS MEANS TO GET IN AND OUT. SO, IF THE WIND IS CALM THEY WILL NORMALLY USE WHATEVER RUNWAY IS MOST CONVENIENT. BE CAUTIOUS.
- ENOUGH SAID, BE CAUTIOUS.
- KEEP YOUR EYES AND EARS OPEN FOR CONFLICTING CROSSING TRAFFIC WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT BE ON CTAF.
- -LISTENING ON CTAF WILL HELP BUILD A CLEAR PICTURE OF INBOUND, OUTBOUND AND PATTERN TRAFFIC AT OTM. -DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CTAF AND UNICOM: CTAF: USED BY ALL AIRCRAFT TO FACILITATE COOPERATION IN THEIR USE OF THE AIRPORT. THESE CONVERSATIONS ARE GENERALLY RELATED TO THE ACTUAL TAKEOFF AND OR LANDING OF AIRCRAFT, BUT SPECIAL ACTIVITIES CLOSE TO THE AIRPORT SUCH AS BALLOONING, GLIDING, PARACHUTING OR STUNT FLYING WILL OFTEN BE ACCOMPLISHED BY ANNOUNCEMENTS ON THIS FREQUENCY. UNICOM: A COMMUNICATION FACILITY WHICH MAY PROVIDE AIRPORT INFORMATION. USED TO TALK TO FBO! -WHEN YOU DROP BELOW CENTER COVERAGE, EXPECT “RADAR SERVICES TERMINATED, FREQUENCY CHANGE APPROVED” -SWITCH TO CTAF.
- CTAF IS NORMALLY SAME AS THE TOWER FREQUENCY WHEN THE TOWER IS OPERATING. CTAF IS USED TO ANNOUNCE YOUR POSITION AND INTENTIONS AT A TOWERED AIRPORT WHEN TOWER CLOSED OR AT NON-TOWERED AIRPORT. UNICOM: CAN BE USED AT ANY TIME AT TOWERED OR NON-TOWERED AIRPORTS TO TALK DIRECTLY TO FBO. IN SOME CASES CTAF AND UNICOM MAY BE ONE IN SAME FREQUENCY.
- IS THIS A SIGN OR MARKING? WHAT DOES IT MEAN? RUNWAY HOLD POSITION MARKING. SEE NEXT SLIDE FOR DETAILS.
- THESE MARKINGS ARE NOT MANDATORY AT MOST NON-TOWERED AIRPORTS.
- ENFORCE THE STERILE COCKPIT RULE.
- MONITOR AND BE AWARE OF GREEN AIRCRAFT ON FINAL. REALIZE THAT THE NEW PARALLEL TAXIWAY IS NOT FULL LENGTH AND IS NARROW.
- MONITOR PROGRESS OF GREEN AIRCRAFT EXITING RUNWAY.
- REMEMBER, YOU ARE OPERATING FROM AN NON-TOWERED AIRPORT. SOME USERS MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE RADIOS OR MAY NOT BE TRANSMITTING. IT IS ALWAYS A GOOD IDEA TO STOP AT THE RUNWAY HOLD MARKING, LOOK BOTH DIRECTIONS FOR CONFLICTING TRAFFIC, THEN PROCEED SMARTLY OFF THE RUNWAY. REMEMBER CROP DUSTERS.
- THIS IS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF HOW TO USE THE RUNWAY HOLD SIGN TO HELP LOCATE THE RUNWAY HOLD MARKING. VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT HELPS LOCATE THE SURFACE PAINTED MARKING.
- AIRPORT DIAGRAMS ARE USUALLY ACCURATE FOR SURFACE NAVIGATION. REMEMBER DASH THROUGH THE DASHED LINES. CAN YOU TAXI ACROSS THIS MARKING?
- LINEMAN IN SIGHT. SHUT DOWN AND TAKE A BREAK.
- IT’S A GOOD IDEA TO COPY NOTAMS AND TFRS AND CARRY THEM WITH YOU. ONE JUST MAY NEVER KNOW WHEN THEY WILL COME IN HANDY.
- THERE ARE CROSSING RUNWAYS AT OMA WITH LOTS OF TAXI DIRECTION POSSIBILITIES. BE AWARE OF THE PITFALLS OF THE PARALLEL RUNWAYS.
- ANTICIPATE THAT IF YOU ARE LANDING RUNWAY 18 YOU WILL PROBABLY TURN OFF ON TAXIWAY C. UNDERSTAND WHAT READ BACK HOLDING INSTRUCTIONS MEANS. IF IT’S IMPORTANT TO BE ANNOTATED AS A CAUTION ON THE AIRPORT DIAGRAM, THEN IT MUST BE AN AREA OF CONCERN.
- WITH LIGHT WINDS AT OTM YOU HAVE SEVERAL TAXI AND TAKEOFF OPTIONS AVAILABLE. REMEMBER RUNWAY 31 IS THE CALM WIND RUNWAY. EACH RUNWAY AT OTM ONE HAS ITS OWN ISSUES. IF YOU USE RUNWAY 22, AND IT’S A CALM WIND DAY LOOK OUT FOR CROSSING TRAFFIC ON 31.
- LIKE ALTITUDE ABOVE YOU, RUNWAY BEHIND YOU IS USELESS. THINK ABOUT THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF AN INTERSECTION TAKEOFF.
- THE DISTANCE REMAINING FOR TAKEOFF IS UNKNOWN AT THIS INTERSECTION. ARE YOU PUTTING YOURSELF IN THE BOX? WHAT ABOUT THE CAPABILITIES VRS REQUIREMENTS TALKED ABOUT EARLIER? IS YOUR AIRCRAFT CAPABLE OF TAKEOFF WITH THE RUNWAY REMAINING?
- TRY TO KEEP MENTAL NOTE OF TRAFFIC LOCATION.
- YOU MISSED THE TRAFFIC CALL. WHERE IS THE TRAFFIC IN PATTERN?
- DID YOU HEAR THE RED AIRCRAFT MAKING HIS CALLS? DO YOU KNOW THE LOCATION OF THE RED AIRCRAFT?
- DO YOU HAVE TO HOLD AT THESE LOCATIONS ON AN NON-TOWERED AIRPORT? NO, BUT IT WOULD BE A GOOD IDEA. DO ALL NON TOWERED AIRPORTS HAVE HOLD MARKINGS AND SIGNS? NO, SO BE AWARE OF YOUR LOCATION AND PROXIMITY TO THE RUNWAYS.
- DO YOU HAVE TO STOP AT THIS SIGN? NO, BUT IT WOULD BE A GOOD IDEA!
- THESE SIGNS AND MARKINGS ALSO DEFINE THE BOUNDARIES OF THE RUNWAY SAFETY AREA FOR RUNWAY 4-22
- NO, BUT YOU WOULD BE WISE TO DO SUCH.
- GO TO NEXT SLIDE FOR ANSWER.
- RESTRICTED LINE OF SIGHT COULD BE CAUSED BY ELEVATION GRADE DIFFERENCES, BUILDINGS BLOCKING APPROACH ENDS, VEGETATION, CROPS, TREE LINES, ETC. ON SOME AIRPORTS ONE END OF THE RUNWAY CAN’T BE SEEN FROM THE OTHER BECAUSE OF “CROWNING” OR ELEVATION GRADE. CTAF IS CRITICAL FOR BUILDING THE MARGIN OF SAFETY WITH TRAFFIC SEPARATION.
- YOU ARE GOING TO BE ON THE RUNWAY FOR SEVERAL MINUTES. YOU WILL HAVE TO BACK TAXI ABOUT 2000’. EXPEDITE YOUR BACK TAXI TIME . REMAIN HEADS UP TO OTHER TRAFFIC IN THE AREA. DON’T LOSE YOUR SITUATIONAL AWARENESS. MAKE THE APPROPRIATE AND TIMELY CALLS ON CTAF AND DEPART.
- REMEMBER THE RED AIRCRAFT? WHERE IS HE?
- LISTEN AND MONITOR CTAF. BE PREPARED TO TAKE QUICK AND EVASIVE ACTION. ALSO REMEMBER, YOU ARE DEPARTING A RUNWAY THAT INTERSECTS THE CALM WIND RUNWAY…AND WINDS ARE ESSENTIALLY CALM.
- ONE AIRCRAFT WAS TAKING OFF AND ONE AIRCRAFT WAS LANDING. THEY BOTH MET AT THE INTERSECTION. BOTH WERE USING RADIO, BUT ON DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES.
- WHAT DOES THIS SIGN MEAN? RUNWAY HOLD POSITION SIGN. SEE NEXT SLIDE FOR DETAILS.
- ATC AUTHORIZATION TO CROSS IS REQUIRED AT TOWERED AIRPORTS WHEN THE TOWER IS OPERATING.