Rickettsiae are small, intracellular bacteria that can cause several types of infections in humans. They are transmitted through arthropod bites or body lice. Rickettsial infections typically cause fever, headache, rash and potentially more severe complications affecting multiple organ systems. Diagnosis is often made through serological tests detecting antibodies to Rickettsiae. Common rickettsial infections are classified into the typhus group, including epidemic and murine typhus, and the spotted fever group, which includes Rocky Mountain spotted fever.