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Jonathan Bradshaw
International Society for Child Indicators
Seoul
Korea
29 May 2013














State of the World’s Children (UNICEF)
Innocenti Report Cards (UNICEF)
Doing Better for Children (OECD)
Child poverty and derivation (EU)
Child well-being (EU Tarki)
African Report on Child Well-being (ACPF)
Multi-dimensional child poverty (Bristol)
Children’s Chances Heymann and Mc Neill
McGill University http://childrenschances.org

Many, many national reports


Comparative focus
 Accept we can for objective well-being
domains
 Concentrate on subjective well-being
 Can nations make their children happier?


Validity
 Unreliable


Lost in translation
 Cultural patterns
 False expectations/adaptive preferences
 Homeostatic adaptability


Difficult to explain
Variable
Year group (6 as
reference)
Ethnicity (white as
reference)

Number of siblings
(none as reference)

8
10
Mixed
Indian
Pakistani/ Bangladeshi
Black
Other
1
2
3+

Sex (boy as reference)
Learning difficulties (no as reference)
Physical disability (no as reference)
Deprivation score
Family type (both
Lone parent
parents as reference)
Step family
Other
r²

Demographic
variables only
-1.16**
-2.82**
-0.83 NS
-1.06 NS
-0.59 NS

+ deprivation scale

+ family type

-1.39**
-2.86**
-0.82 NS
-0.36 NS
-0.52 NS

-1.33**
-2.80**
-0.91 NS
-0.65 NS
-0.59 NS

-0.18 NS
0.59 NS
0.30 NS
0.09 NS
0.01 NS
-0.66 *
-0.60 NS
-1.39 NS

0.23 NS
0.56 NS
0.20 NS
-0.03 NS
0.09 NS
-0.73*
-0.31 NS
-1.07 NS
-0.68**

0.09

0.17

0.33 NS
0.42 NS
0.07 NS
-0.21 NS
0.02 NS
-0.73*
-0.32 NS
-1.18 NS
-0.64**
-1.26**
-0.90*
-4.68*
0.19


Validity
 Unreliable


Lost in translation
 Cultural patterns
 False expectations/adaptive preferences
 Homeostatic adaptability


Difficult to explain
 Not independent of personality
 Domains of subjective well-being ? Not policy
amenable
Overall subjective
well-being
Material well-being
domain

.677**

Health and safety domain

.542**

Education domain

.474**

Behaviour domain

.534**

Housing and environment
domain

.610**

Overall (exc subjective)

.666**








Children in care
Life events matter
Quality of relationships more important than
structure
Involvement in decision making makes a
difference
Children’s feelings of material deprivation
matter
Bullying matters
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
More than 3
times

2/3 times

once

never
Without bullying

With bullying

Year 8

-1.26**

-1.41**

Year 10

-2.70**

-2.88**

Sex (ref: boy )

-0.60*

-0.58*

Deprivation scale

-0.78**

-0.60**

Year group (ref:
year 6)

Bullied (ref: never)

-1.16**

2 or 3 times

-2.35**

More than 3
times
r²

Once

-3.58**

0.19

0.26


Amenable directly to policy


Decent houses
 Safe neighbourhoods
 No bullying
 Enjoy and achieve in school
 Not materially deprived


Amenable indirectly to policy


Family and other relationships




Reducing burdens of poverty and inequality on parents
Treating and preventing parental depression
Providing family friendly services


Intervention studies


(Finnish experiment with bullying)
 Cognitive counselling
 Social and emotional education
 Layard “create the most happiness possible and
the least misery”
http://www.actionforhappiness.org


Surveys of subjective well-being in more
countries
 Comparative studies of subjective well-being


Children’s Worlds


Countries at a loss for what to do
 Children the main victims of recession
 OECD and EU preoccupied with social
investment state –




Advocates of services versus benefits
Making the case for maintaining welfare state in
the face of the recession
Focus on childcare






Developmental/cognitive arguments
Compensatory intervention
Well becoming
Probably inequitable

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Subjective Well-Being and Social Policy

  • 1. Jonathan Bradshaw International Society for Child Indicators Seoul Korea 29 May 2013
  • 2.          State of the World’s Children (UNICEF) Innocenti Report Cards (UNICEF) Doing Better for Children (OECD) Child poverty and derivation (EU) Child well-being (EU Tarki) African Report on Child Well-being (ACPF) Multi-dimensional child poverty (Bristol) Children’s Chances Heymann and Mc Neill McGill University http://childrenschances.org Many, many national reports
  • 3.  Comparative focus  Accept we can for objective well-being domains  Concentrate on subjective well-being  Can nations make their children happier?
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.  Validity  Unreliable  Lost in translation  Cultural patterns  False expectations/adaptive preferences  Homeostatic adaptability  Difficult to explain
  • 8. Variable Year group (6 as reference) Ethnicity (white as reference) Number of siblings (none as reference) 8 10 Mixed Indian Pakistani/ Bangladeshi Black Other 1 2 3+ Sex (boy as reference) Learning difficulties (no as reference) Physical disability (no as reference) Deprivation score Family type (both Lone parent parents as reference) Step family Other r² Demographic variables only -1.16** -2.82** -0.83 NS -1.06 NS -0.59 NS + deprivation scale + family type -1.39** -2.86** -0.82 NS -0.36 NS -0.52 NS -1.33** -2.80** -0.91 NS -0.65 NS -0.59 NS -0.18 NS 0.59 NS 0.30 NS 0.09 NS 0.01 NS -0.66 * -0.60 NS -1.39 NS 0.23 NS 0.56 NS 0.20 NS -0.03 NS 0.09 NS -0.73* -0.31 NS -1.07 NS -0.68** 0.09 0.17 0.33 NS 0.42 NS 0.07 NS -0.21 NS 0.02 NS -0.73* -0.32 NS -1.18 NS -0.64** -1.26** -0.90* -4.68* 0.19
  • 9.  Validity  Unreliable  Lost in translation  Cultural patterns  False expectations/adaptive preferences  Homeostatic adaptability  Difficult to explain  Not independent of personality  Domains of subjective well-being ? Not policy amenable
  • 10.
  • 11. Overall subjective well-being Material well-being domain .677** Health and safety domain .542** Education domain .474** Behaviour domain .534** Housing and environment domain .610** Overall (exc subjective) .666**
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.       Children in care Life events matter Quality of relationships more important than structure Involvement in decision making makes a difference Children’s feelings of material deprivation matter Bullying matters
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Without bullying With bullying Year 8 -1.26** -1.41** Year 10 -2.70** -2.88** Sex (ref: boy ) -0.60* -0.58* Deprivation scale -0.78** -0.60** Year group (ref: year 6) Bullied (ref: never) -1.16** 2 or 3 times -2.35** More than 3 times r² Once -3.58** 0.19 0.26
  • 19.
  • 20.  Amenable directly to policy  Decent houses  Safe neighbourhoods  No bullying  Enjoy and achieve in school  Not materially deprived  Amenable indirectly to policy  Family and other relationships    Reducing burdens of poverty and inequality on parents Treating and preventing parental depression Providing family friendly services
  • 21.  Intervention studies  (Finnish experiment with bullying)  Cognitive counselling  Social and emotional education  Layard “create the most happiness possible and the least misery” http://www.actionforhappiness.org  Surveys of subjective well-being in more countries  Comparative studies of subjective well-being  Children’s Worlds
  • 22.  Countries at a loss for what to do  Children the main victims of recession  OECD and EU preoccupied with social investment state –    Advocates of services versus benefits Making the case for maintaining welfare state in the face of the recession Focus on childcare     Developmental/cognitive arguments Compensatory intervention Well becoming Probably inequitable