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1. GCSE Football Coursework
Development of Sport in
The Nineteenth Century

2. You must be aware of:
• What people did for leisure in early 19th C.
Britain.
• What early football was like.
• What changed sport during the Victorian
age.

3. Cockfighting
Cockfighting
was popular
with gamblers
because it was
difficult to
‘fix’ the fights
by doping.
It was banned in England in 1835

4. Bear-baiting
Bear-
baiting
with
dogs
was
banned
in 1835.

5. Bull-baiting
Bull-baiting was also
banned in the 1835
Cruelty to Animals Act.
It still went on - 'the most
barbarous act I ever saw. It
was young bull and had very
little notion of tossing the
dogs, which tore his ears and
the skin off his face in
shreds,’ -James Gryce, Shrops,
1878

6. Horse Racing
A day at the races was After 1815 racing
great entertainment. grew in popularity.
Most people went for The Grand National
the sideshows such as at Aintree was first
fighting rings, markets held in 1839. Races
and of course the were made fairer for
gamblers by
Booze ! handicapping.

7. Public Executions
Every Monday up to 10,000 people
would watch the hangings at Tyburn
in London.

8. Cricket
Cricket was already a nationwide game by
1815. It was often rough and violent!
Lords cricket ground opened in 1827. The
new style of over-arm bowling began in 1830
but took 50 years to catch on!
Cricket’s popularity was spread by touring
teams such as the professional All-England
side. Many formed clubs after tour visits.

9. Theatre and the Opera
This was the preserve of the middle and upper
classes.
Cheap “the taste for refined
performances music has not
were set up, but reached the manual
the working class classes…
preferred music- …but when the circus
halls with rude comes the beer-house
songs and lots of keepers complain”
drink!

10. The biggest entertainment was…
DRINK!
The 1700s had seen huge drink
problems, mainly because of
cheap and available gin. The 1830
Beer Act allowed more ale houses
to be opened. Tax on beer was
reduced to get people off gin.

11. Beer-houses – a haven.
Beer-houses, which only sold beer
and cider, were the only places
where working-men could go for
comfort. They were heated and
warmer than their squalid homes.
The women stayed at home!

12. Early football

13. Medieval football
Football of course dates back to the
Middle Ages. It was a violent ‘game’
played between rival villages on Shrove
Tuesdays. It was frowned upon by the
authorities. They wanted people to learn
archery – to be ready for wars.
“a devilish pastime – more a bloody
murdering practice than a sport”

14. Football – the Public Schools
Football was
played in the
Public Schools.
Each school had
their own rules.
This is ‘prince’
Harry playing Strange!
Eton football.

15. Modern Football
Football was taken to the masses by ex-
public school boys, as they went off to own
and manage factories and mines. These
‘gentlemen’ wanted the game kept amateur
– but this meant working men could not play
as they couldn’t afford to miss work.

16. The World’s First Football Club
The oldest club in the world is Sheffield FC.
This was followed by Notts. County FC.
In 1862 a group of Nottingham business men and
cricketers met in the Lion Hotel, Nottingham, to form
the Notts. County Football Club.. All the players were
amateurs, reasonably well-off, and usually added up to
11 or 12 players with nine forwards and two backs, or
behinds. Hacking of shins, tripping and elbowing were
allowed and the goalkeeper could be charged out of
the way of a shot even if he was nowhere near the ball.

17. The Football Association - 1863
The F.A. was founded to draft a common set
of rules for ‘Association Football’ (‘soccer’)
Eleven players on each side became football law in 1870
and a year later the F.A. Cup was introduced.
In 1875 crossbars were introduced instead of tape
1878 saw the first floodlit match at Sheffield and a referee's
whistle sounded for the first time in a match between
Nottingham Forest and Sheffield.

18. Football’s rise in popularity
“The attendances at
the association
games showed that
the English working
class had at last
found a cheap and
amusing way of
spending a Saturday
afternoon” – L.Woodward
‘Age of Reform’

19. Reasons for football’s growth
• the growth of the railways from the
1840s allowed people to travel around
England
• football was cheap – it required very
little equipment, could be played almost
anywhere and in almost any weather

20. As football spread…
Inter-county and inter-city competitions
became popular. The FA Cup was first
played for in 1871, and the Football
League founded in 1888.
The Original FA Cup.
This was stolen and
never found in 1895!

21. The Original Twelve League Clubs
• Accrington Stanley • Everton
• Aston Villa • Notts. County
• Blackburn Rovers • Preston North End
• Bolton Wanderers • Stoke City
• Burnley • West Bromwich
• Derby County Albion
• Wolverhampton
Wanderers

22. An Industrial Game
The original twelve
league clubs.

23. A different world….
When Blackburn supporters visited London
for the FA Cup Final in 1883, the Pall Mall
Gazette reported
“a northern horde of uncouth garb and
strange oaths – like a tribe of Sudanese
Arabs let loose.”
Uncouth – scruffy
Garb - clothes

24. For an Industrial People
As acts were passed limiting the length of the
working week, the factories and mines shut at
mid-day on Saturdays. This allowed workers
to go and play, and watch the 3pm matches.
Not for them the luxury of the middle classes
to play and watch cricket and golf – which
last a lot longer than 90 minutes!

25. 3pm Saturday

26. The Growth of Professionalism
As crowds grew, special stadiums needed to
be built. The owners charged admission
fees, and tried to attract the best players.
“Broken-time” payments were made to
players to compensate their loss of wages.
Many ‘gentlemen’ were horrified at this
erosion of the ‘amateur spirit’.

27. Amateur vs. Professional
One ‘gentlemen’s’ club, The Corinthians
completely refused to play for money, refused to
play in cup competitions and even refused to take
penalty kicks when awarded them – because they
didn’t believe that any person would commit a
foul!
Football was already mainly a working class sport
and payments were common. This prevented the
split which divided Rugby Union and League in
1895.

28. Growing participation
In the 1930s municipal (council) playing fields
and parks increased. A new generation of
footballers was being given ground to bloom.
The Thirties was the boom decade for sport in
England. Crowds of 60,000 were the norm for
many clubs. The electric telegraph and radio
allowed results to be spread quickly. Sports
papers were sold on Saturday evenings with the
same day’s results in them.

29. Football takes on the World
English sailors took football with them to the
ports of Italy, Spain, Brazil and Argentina.
Friendly games with the locals were played, and
football fever spread. Juventus, Bologna,
Fiorentina and many other clubs were set up by
English exiles.
The World Cup was first played in 1930, but it
wasn’t until cheap flights that world competitions
took off, in the 1950s and 1960s.

30. Football meets new rivals
Football’s place as the national sport was
never in doubt. But other ways to spend
leisure time were hitting attendances.
• television – on the rise since 1953
• betting shops – legalised in the 1960s
• shopping – a culture shift in the late 1960s
meant more men spent family time!

31. The Money Men move in.
Commercial interest in the game picked up in
the 1960s. England’s World Cup win in 1966
had captured the nation’s imagination.
All it needed was for the first soccer
SUPERSTAR.
Enter……………

32. George Best
“The Fifth Beatle”

33. Sponsorship and advertising
Umbro was the first shirt-maker to
put its logo on display, in 1974 on
Liverpool’s kit.
In 1979 it was
also Liverpool
who had the
first shirt
sponsorship in
England.

34. Competition Sponsorship
In 1981 the Football League Cup was
sponsored by the Milk Marketing Board. It
was renamed the ‘Milk Cup’ as part of the
deal. It has since been known as the
Rumbelows Cup, Littlewoods Cup, Coca-
Cola Cup and presently the Worthington
Cup.
The FA Cup is regarded as too special a
name to be changed in this way.

35. Player Sponsorships
The professional
footballer has come a
long way since Jimmy
Hill founded the players
union – the PFA – to
demand an end to the
maximum wage.