1. Nocturnal Enuresis An Update On The Pathogenesis And Treatment. Abdel Karim M. El Hemaly, F.R.C.S.-M.R.C.O.G. Prof. Ob/Gyn. Al Azhar

3. Enuretics have been divided into: primary and secondary, depending on whether continence has ever been achieved. About 10% of all those suffering from enuresis also wet in the daytime.

13. Recently, In 1996 we put forward a new concept, based on evidence explaining the act of micturition and urinary continence.

14. Micturition can be divided into 2 stages: Stage-I: in Infancy before bladder training. Stage-II: in childhood after bladder training, (how to control).

19. NORMAL INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER. 3-D. ULTRASONOGRAPHY U.B. U.B. Closed urethra due to a strong, intact int. u. sphincter

20. Closed lumen Intact wall, compact sheet of collagenous tissue with muscle fibers lie on and intermingle with the collagen fibers In the middle part of the cylinder 3D U.S. Cross section

21. Urethra. Vagina. Urethral lumen. Collag. tissue cylinder. Muscle layer. MRI picture of a normal continent woman. N. Internal Urethral sphincter outlined by MRI.

22. U.B. Uterus. Vagina. MRI picture of a normal continent woman Post. Wall of internal urethral sphincter intimately related to the anterior vaginal wall Closed Ureth. lumen. Ant. Wall Of the Sph.

26. Severe fear, Transient U. incontinence.

42. ThankYou .