07 distance learning standards-common cartridge

Distance Learning
Standards –
Common Cartridge
Timothy K. Shih

Outline
• The Overview of Common Cartridge
• The Architecture & Run-Time Model
• The Content Resources
• The Authorization Service
• QTI in Common Cartridge
• Learning Tools Interoperability
• Supporters of IMS Common Cartridge
• Learning Tools Interoperability
- Existing Example –
• The Future of IMS Common Cartridge

THE OVERVIEW OF COMMON
CARTRIDGE

The Overview of Common
Cartridge
• Leading providers of digital content products, learning
systems, and services will be introducing Common
Cartridge compatible products in the coming year
• Support from 35 education industry leaders, including
– Publishing Industry: Digital Spirit, Elsevier, GTCO Calcomp,
Harcourt, Houghton Mifflin Company, Lason, LearningMate,
McGraw-Hill, Pearson, Thomson
– Learning Platforms: ANGEL, Blackboard, Desire2Learn,
eCollege, Giunti, HarvestRoad, Horizon Wimba, Moodle, Sakai,
Tribal, uCompass
• Compatible products as early as Spring „07
– Pearson, McGraw-Hill, ANGEL, Sakai

• A digital learning interoperability standard consisting
of a suite of four interoperability specifications (formats
of data exchange between cooperating software
applications)
– Packaging of digital content (Content Packaging)
– Question and test formats (QTI)
– Metadata (tagging of content with descriptive attributes) (LOM)
– Launch and data exchange with standalone learning tools -
such as adaptive tutors, assessment systems, etc. (Tools
Interoperability etc)
The Overview of Common
Cartridge cont

Common Cartridge specification
• Profile Based Document Draft v1.0 (19 March 2007)
• The imscc_profv1p0cmdn.pdf includes the following:
– IEEE LOM v1.0
– IMS Content Packaging v1.1.4
– IMS Question & Test Interoperability v1.2.1
– IMS Common Cartridge Authorization Web Service v1.0
– IMS Tools Interoperability Guidelines v1.0
– SCORM 1.2/2004

Common Cartridge Features
• IMS Common Cartridge
– SCORM 1.2/2004 and IMS QTI v1.2.1 are embraced
– A new resource type like discussion forum
– Included the question bank which offering tutors additional
questions to those contained within the pre-configured
assessments, which they can configure around the core
material
• IMS Authorization Web Service v1.0
– Optional authorization to protect either the whole cartridge, or
select cartridge resources
• IMS Tools Interoperability Guidelines v1.0
– Learner access to remotely hosted, third-party two-based
applications

• Likely to become the most widely supported
educational digital content standard ever
• Shaping and support by the educational publishers
• Collaboration between open source and commercial
communities
• Potential to reduce the lock-in that many CMS/LMS
users fear
• Leadership of the higher education community in
learning tech standards
Common Cartridge Features

• Meta-data is only mandated at the cartridge level
• Inter-package links are not supported
• Common Cartridge meta-data only uses the 15
elements from DCM v1.1(Simple DC)
• Assessments have been simplified to the 6 commonly
used QTI question types
1. Multiple choices(single response)
2. Multiple choices(multiple response)
3. True/false
4. Essay
5. Simple fill in the blank
6. pattern match
Common Cartridge Simplification

• Cartridge support for Authorization data
• Add the resource type like Discussion Forum
• Included the Tools interoperability descriptor
– For user redirection to third-party services
Common Cartridge Enrich Items

THE ARCHITECTURE & RUN-
TIME MODEL

Common Cartridge Architecture
LMS
LMS
Content Mgt
/RepositoryImport
Function
Runtime
Assessment
ToolsInterop
Interface
Discussion
Forum
Authorization
SCORM
Engine
XML
Rendering
Common
Cartridge
Authorization
Service
Web /
Enterprise
Learning
Application
Learner
Learning content distribution format containing
– digital content
– description (metadata)
– assessment
– external tool invocation (forum, virtual world, …)
– authorization service invocation

• Functional Overview
Common Cartridge Run-Time-Model

Common Cartridge File Structure
Cartridge
learningObjectFolder1
imsmanifest.xml
learning object 1 resources
learning object 1 web content
cartridge web content
learningObjectFolderN
learning object N resources
learning object N web content
.
.
.
filefolder
SharedContent
Item Folder
Resource – Web Content
Resource – Web Link
Resource - Discussion Topic
Resource- SCORM Package (.zip)
Resource – Tools Interoperability Deployment Descriptor
Resource - Assessment
Resource Question-bank
Intra-Package Reference
IMS CC Meta-data
Of Type
IMS CC Package Metadata

Embedded paths should also include tokens to help import tools
translate paths
<img src=“$IMS-CC-FILEBASE$/images/icon.png”>
Common Cartridge Constraints

Common Cartridge Content Package Structures

• The Example of Content Package Structure (1)

• The Example of Content Package Structure (2)

• Metadata of Common Cartridge followed
– IEEE LOM strict specification v1.0
• Describe the range of a mapping from the core element of the
Dublin Core specification v1.1
<metadata>
<schema>IMS Common Cartridge</schema>
<schemaversion>1.0.0</schemaversion>
…metadata according to Common Cartridge profile of IEEE LOM …
</metadata>
Common Cartridge Metadata

• Mapping of Dublin Core elements to LOM Metadata
elements
Common Cartridge Metadata

• The Authorization can be applied to protect the whole
cartridge or selected content.
• Each Common Cartridge that implements the
authorization service needs the following information
– Cartridge ID
– URL to Web Service for authorization
Common Cartridge Authorization

• The Authorization model supports the requiring
authorization on:
– Cartridge import
– Cartridge usage
– Usage of specific resources in the cartridge

• The Description Profile of Authorization
<manifest>
<metadata />
<organization />
<resources />
<cc: authorizations access=“cartridge import=“false”
xmlns: cc=“http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsccauth_v1p0”
xmlns: xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
xsi: schemaLocation=“http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsccauth_v1p0 imsccauth_v1p0.xsd”
<cc: authorization>
<cartridgeId>12345</cartridge>
<webservice>http://publisher.com/authme</webservice>
</cc: authorization>
</cc: authorizations>
</manifest>

Common Cartridge Communication Flow
LMS = Learning Management System
WS = Cartridge Protection Web Service
LMS<Validation>
<ID>Cartridge ID</ID>
<URL>The LMS‟s URL</URL>
</Validation>
WS <Validation>
<Show>License Agreement</Show>
<Prompt>
<Message>Please enter key: </Message>
<Name>Key</Name>
<Type>Text</Type>
</Prompt>
</Validation>
LMS<Validation>
<ID>Cartridge ID</ID>
<URL>The LMS‟s URL</URL>
<Key>A Key</Key>
</Validation>
If Key is Valid
WS <Validation>
<Release>
<Key>The Key passed by LMS</Key>
<Exp>Expiration Date</Exp>
</Release>
</Validation>
If Key is Invalid
WS <Validation>
<Invalid>
<Key>The Key</Key>
<Message>A Message</Message>
</Invalid>
</Validation>

• A Common Cartridge may contain either/both of two
Learning Object Resource types that are based on the
CC QTI Profile
– Assessments
– Question Banks
• Assessments
– Represent an ordered question set and may include optional
attributes that apply to the set as a whole. (Using
<assessment>)
• Question Banks
– Represent unordered sets of questions with no associated
attributes applying to the set as a whole. (using <objectbank>)
Common Cartridge QTI

• <questestinterop> is the root element for all CC QTI
documents.
• The $IMS-CC-FILEBASE$ token may be used in any
portion of questions, answers or feedback.
– It is intended to help identify paths that reference media files
that are required by the assessment and are included in the
common cartridge.
Common Cartridge QTI

• Assessments are represented with a single
<assessment> element with :
– must contain exactly one <section> element
• required “ident” and “title” attributes
• optional “language” attribute.
• contains one or more <item> elements only
– contain an optional <presentation_material> element
– contain an optional <qtimetadatafield> element
• Object banks are represented as a single
<objectbank> element which can contain one or more
<item> elements only
Common Cartridge Assessments vs Object Banks

• A <qtimetadata> element can be present where CC
specific meta-data elements are allowed within
<qtimetadatafield>
Common Cartridge QTI Metadata

• <item> elements represent individual questions in
assessments or object banks
– There is a required “ident” attribute and an optional “title”
attribute which can be used when providing editors with
question lists for selection or editing.
Common Cartridge QTI Metadata

• An <itemmetadata> element can contain a
<qtimetadata> element where CC specific meta-data
elements are allowed within <qtimetadatafield>
structures
Common Cartridge
QTI Metadata (Item Metadata)

• The <presentation> element contains elements for representing
the question text and responses as presented to the student.
– A <material><mattext> structure directly inside the <presentation>
element is used for the question text.
– Multiple_choice, multiple_response, and true_false questions use a
<response_lid> element to contain the individual answers.
– There is a required “ident” attribute which should be of the form
response_# to make processing easier, and an “rcardinality” attribute
which should be set to “Single” for multiple_choice and true_false
questions and “Multiple” for multiple_response questions.
– The <response_lid> element contains a single <render_choice>
element with a “shuffle” (Yes/No) attribute to indicate whether or not
scrambling of answer choices is allowed.
– The <render_choice> element contains one or more
<response_label> elements with a required “ident” attribute.
– The <response_label> elements contain <material><mattext>
structures holding the text of the individual answers.
– Response.rshuffle is not supported here.
Common Cartridge
QTI Metadata (Presentation part)

• <resprocessing> is a direct child of the <item> element and is
used to indicate correct answers and response scoring.
– It should include an <outcomes><decvar> structure that sets
varname="SCORE"
– <respcondition> elements are used to set the value of “SCORE”
appropriately for each response, and to identify any <itemfeedback>
– A <respcondition continue="Yes"> can be used for general feedback
to be provided unconditionally
– A <setvar action="Set" varname="SCORE"> element is used inside a
<respcondition> element to set the score. With simple multiple choice
only one correct answer is allowed and it should set SCORE to 100.
All other answers should set SCORE to 0
– The <conditionvar> element is used to establish the conditions for
each scoring possibility
– There should be a <displayfeedback> element contained within the
<respcondition> element for feedback appropriate to the response.
– This can be specific answer level feedback and/or feedback for all
correct/incorrect answers, as determined by the conditionvar case
Common Cartridge
QTI Metadata (Resprocessing part)

• <itemfeedback> elements with required “ident” attribute,
corresponding to any references placed in <respcondition>
elements, are used to define the feedback for each case.
– Feedback text is contained in <material><mattext> structures
– Hints can be represented as follows:
– Essay questions can indicate sample answers as follows:
Common Cartridge
QTI Metadata (Item Feedback part)

• The initial release of the Common Cartridge will only
support one role of assessment which maps to the IMS
concept of „Examination‟ (as defined by the QTI meta-
data attribute „qmd_assessmenttype‟).
• An assessment must contain a single section which
contains all questions delivered by the assessment.
• Multiple sections and references to questions in an
object bank are not supported.
• An assessment does support the use of a number of
meta-data attributes which can carry additional delivery
Common CartridgeAssessment Data Model

Common CartridgeItem Data Model
Item.Attr
ItemFeedback
ItemMetadata Presentation RespProcessing
Item

• Material
– Material
– Flow
– FlowMaterial
– Text
– Image
– Application
– Applet
– Audio
– Video
Common CartridgeMaterial Data Model

• The Common Cartridge supports profiles of the
following question types
– Single Choice (Single Response)
– Multiple Choice (Multiple Response)
– True/False
– Essay
– Simple Fill in the Blank
• single response box with single correct answer that is processed
as an exact match
– Pattern Match
• single response box with multiple potential answers that support
exact match, containment matching and regular expression
matching
Common Cartridge
Questions Types Supported

• The profiles for each of these question types describe
how they support:
– feedback
– hints
– sample solutions
– relative scoring
• In addition, questions support a number of meta-data
attributes which describe:
– a suggested weighting for the question in the assessment
– a category for the question.
• Instances of these questions may be included in an
assessment or a question bank.
Common Cartridge
Questions Types Supported

Common Cartridge
Question Bank Data Model

LEARNING TOOLS INTEROPERABILITY

• How to help the developer to construct the specialized
helpful tools in order to extend LMS functionalities and
its capabilities?
– Tools Interoperability : To provide the reusable mechanism
for integrating third-party tools with core LMS platforms
• The key enabling technologies is HTTP, SOAP, XML,
WSDL, WS-Security.
Learning Tools Interoperability
Introduction

LMS
The core LTI use case is
that we can augment the
tools included in an LMS
with externally provided
tools.
Introduction

L
M
STOOL
or
Content
L
M
S
L
M
S
….
LTI also enables large-
scale of provisioning of
features or content across
multiple LMS Systems
Introduction

L
M
S
Content
Common
Cartridge
L
M
S
When LTI is combined with the IMS Common
Cartridge, publishers can distribute cartridges
containing active, authenticated links back
centrally hosted content.
Introduction

Advanced:
LTI also allows tools from a learning management system from one
vendor to be used in a learning management system from another vendor.
An example of this approach is the BlackBoard Connect project which
integrates Sakai and Moodle (coming) functionality into BlackBoard.
L
M
S
L
M
S
Introduction

Context
Context
Context
Ultimately the “location”
or “source” of a tool or
content becomes less
and less important.
Introduction

Architecture
Proxy Tool Packages
Learning Management System
Tool Interoperability Runtime
Deployment
Service
Configuration
Service
Launch
Service
Proxy
Tool
Web
Service
Learning Tool Container
Tool 1
Tool Interoperability
Runtime
Tool 2
Runtime
Client Tier
Proxy Tool 1 Proxy Tool 2
• Proxy tool
– a proxy or a façade in the LMS.
– The architecture defines a standard mechanism for packaging a
Proxy Tool for deployment to an LMS
• Learning Tools Interoperability Runtime (LTIR)
– Is a collection of services
– Allow Proxy Tools to be deployed, configured and launched
– Include distinct services for managing the deployment, configuration,
launch of Proxy Tools from

• Tools Interoperability Runtime (TIR) services include:
– Deployment Service
• Interpret and load the Proxy Tool definition into the host TIR via
its deployment descriptor
– Configuration Service
• Manage the runtime settings of the Proxy Tool
– Launch Service
– Outcome Service
– Security Management
– Session Management
Interoperability Run-Time

• Describes a “Proxy Tool” for a Learning Management
System
• How the tool is installed and registered in the LMS
• Tool lifecycle interactions
• How the Tool is launched from the LMS including
passing roster information
• Run-Time Services allowing the tool to read, write, and
exchange information with the LMS
Proxy Tool

Architecture
Proxy Tool Packages
Learning Management System
Tool Interoperability Runtime
Deployment
Service
Configuration
Service
Launch
Service
Proxy
Tool
Web
Service
Tool 1
Runtime
Tool 2
Runtime
Client Tier
Proxy Tool 1 Proxy Tool 2
• Proxy Tools includes the following settings:
• Core Settings
• Contextual Settings
• Outcome Settings
• Security Settings
• Tool Settings

Component Interaction

• Adopts many patterns from the approach FaceBook
uses for tool integration
• Architecturally aligned with the BlackBoard Proxy Tool
in BlackBoard 9.0
Technical Inspiration

LMS Integrations
• Content Integration
– McGraw-Hill Katana
– Pearson TPI
• LMS Integration
– Angel
– Sakai
– Moodle
– Microsoft QuickLMS

• Pearson / Angel

• McGraw-Hill / Microsoft

• McGraw-Hill / Sakai

• Moodle

SUPPORTERS OF
IMS COMMON CARTRIDGE

• IMS GLC, with over 85 member and subscriber organizations,
is the world‟s leading provider of learning technology
interoperability standards, for over 11 years
• IMS GLC has developed, ratified, evolves, and maintains 20
learning technology standards implemented widely around the
globe, including standards for digital content, repositories,
resource lists, learning tools, ePortfolio, learner information,
educational objectives, metadata, assessment, learning design,
and accessibility, including several specifications underlying
SCORM
• Common Cartridge has been developed in a community standards
process with the involvement and commitment of over 35 IMS
GLC member and subscriber organizations
• See the members of IMS GLC at: http://www.imsglobal.org/
Supporters of IMS Common Cartridge
Introduction

Institutional
Leaders in
Learning

Publishing,
Assessment,
and Repository

Enterprise Software,
Systems, and
Services

LEARNING TOOLS
INTEROPERABILITY
- EXISTING EXAMPLES -

Icodeon Common Cartridge Platform
http://ccplatform.blogspot.com

SCORM Player Common Cartridge Player
The Player web applications enable vendors of e-learning systems
to rapidly add the full feature set of e-learning standards.

SCORM Player Common Cartridge Player
• What can I do with the software?
• How do I use the software?
• Where can I get help & support?
• Extras
(Easy) … (Expert)

Icodeon SCORM
Player
Icodeon Common
Cartridge Player
• What can I do with the software?
• How do I use the software?
• Where can I get help & support?
• Icodeon Extras
(Easy) … (Expert)

Common Cartridge Player
What can I do with the system?
• Import cartridge
• Embed cartridge link
• Make cartridge with HTML web content
• + web link
• + discussion (text only)
• + discussion (HTML, images)
• + discussion (HTML, images, attachments)
• + roles (teacher/learner)
• + authorization
• + QTI (text)
• + QTI (HTML, images)
• + Learning Tools Interoperability

Import Cartridge
Step 1: You need a cartridge zip file. If you do not want to build your own
cartridge, you can download one from Learning Space
(http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/)

Import Cartridge
Step 2: Upload the cartridge to Icodeon Common Cartridge Platform
(http://www.common-cartridge.com)

Import Cartridge
Step 3: Like You Tube…

Import Cartridge
Step 4: Add URL or Embed tags to blog, wiki, HTML page etc

Import Cartridge
Step 5: Launch Common Cartridge Player

Import Cartridge
Summary
Step 1: Get cartridge
Step 2: Upload
Step 3: Like You Tube…
Step 4: Add URL or
embed tags to blog etc
Step 5: Launch Player

Free the Content: Example 1
QTI Assessment in a Common Cartridge
QTI Assessment:
- an ordered
sequence of
different question
types with
feedback and
scoring

Common Cartridge Web Services Platform
Apps, Blogs, Wikis, Widgets, Feeds. Mash-Ups…
+ LMS ?

Icodeon Common Cartridge Web Services Platform
Platform URL Language
Platform URL Language enables simple HTTP requests to be made to the
web services platform:
http://{host-name}/cartridges/{cartridge-name}/...

URL Language: Example 1
Thumbnail Views of Cartridge Content
http://{host-name}/cartridges/{cartridge-name}/items/{item-name}/resource.jpg
http://{host-name}/cartridges/{cartridge-name}/items/~first/resource.gif
http://{host-name}/cartridges/{cartridge-name}/items/~last/resource.png

QTI Assessment
http://{host-name}/cartridges/{cartridge-name}/items/{item-name}/assessment.js

Cartridge Content Menus
http://{host-name}/cartridges/{cartridge-name}/items/~root.html (.xml)
http://{host-name}/cartridges/{cartridge-name}/items/~root.json
http://{host-name}/cartridges/{cartridge-name}/items/~root.atom

THE FUTURE OF
IMS COMMON CARTRIDGE

• Adoption of specification revisions
– Question & Test Interoperability v2.1
– Learning Tools Interoperability v2.0
– Candidates for extending functionality
– Accessibility
– Lesson Plans (Learning Design?)
– Common Cartridge repositories
– High-stakes assessment (security)
– Custom publishing
Common Cartridge
Future extension

07 distance learning standards-common cartridge

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