Cns

1. CHAPTER THREE
PATRIOTISM AND CORRUPTION
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2. OBJECTIVES
• Identify the basics of patriotism
• Describe qualities of patriotic citizen
• Describe executing responsibility
• Discuss the concept of corruption
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3. Definition of patriotism
• Patriotism in a Modern notion is defined with the respect
of human rights and constitutional democracy.
• Patriotism in a rational meaning defined as sense of
attachment to a homeland or the country and alliance with
other citizens who share the same sentiment to create a
feeling of oneness among the people.
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4. Patriotism versus Nationalism
The Similarity between Patriotism and Nationalism
Patriotism mean devotion to a particular place and a particular
way of life, which one believes to be the best in the world but has
no wish to force upon other people.
Patriotism is of its nature defensive, both militarily and culturally.
Nationalism, on the other hand, is inseparable from the desire for
power
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5. The Difference between Patriotism and
Nationalism
Nationalism and patriotism both show the relationship of an individual towards his
or her nation. There is a vast difference between nationalism and patriotism.
• Nationalism means to give more importance to unity by way of a cultural
background, including language and heritage.
Patriotism pertains to the love for a nation, with more emphasis on values and
beliefs.
• Patriotism is based on affection and nationalism is rooted in rivalry and
resentment.
One can say that nationalism is militant by nature and patriotism is based on
peace. 5

6. CON'T
• Most nationalists assume that their country is better than any other,
whereas patriots believe that their country is one of the best and can be
improved in many ways.
• In patriotism, people all over the world are considered equal but
nationalism implies that only the people belonging to one‘s own country
should be considered one‘s equal.
• A patriotic person tends to tolerate criticism and tries to learn something
new from it, but a nationalist cannot tolerate any criticism and considers it
an insult.
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7. CON'T
• Nationalism makes one to think only of one‘s country‘s virtues
and not its deficiencies. Nationalism can also make one
contemptuous of the virtues of other nations.
• Patriotism, on the other hand, pertains to value responsibilities
rather than just valuing loyalty towards one‘s own country.
• Nationalism makes one try to find justification for mistakes
made in the past, while patriotism enables people to
understand both the shortcomings and improvements made. 7

8. Types of Patriotism
There are two types of Patriotism.
Traditional and Constitutional (Democratic) patriotism
Constitutional (Democratic) patriotism
Its guiding Principles are the constitutional democracy;
It celebrates one‘s belongingness to constitutional
state;
Loyal to the values and principles of democracy
enshrined in democratic constitution;
It tends to universalism and promote internationalism;
etc.
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9. Traditional Patriotism
• Traditional patriotism is a patriot one who dies for its country, respects and the national anthems,
flags, and loves the physical features of the country. Some major characteristics of traditional
patriotism are:
• Love of one‘s country and particularistic sense of belonging to nation or country;
• The patriotic attachment is to territory or to the country in abstract;
• It is required to be loyal only to the government irrespective of its political character;
• The state is considered as supreme and has the sovereign power;
• It can degenerate into nationalistic chauvinism and promotes intolerance and endangers the
peace of the national state etc.
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10. Basics of Patriotism
• There are certain conditions that make people to love
their homeland and these conditions are known as
factors or basis for building patriotism.
• These factors include tolerance of diversity, legality,
and prevalence of rule of law in the country.
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11. CON'T
Tolerance of Diversity
• Tolerance of diversity accepts any kinds of difference as
natural.
• Differences in race, language, colour, religion, etc by
themselves are cultural values of a country.
• This condition indicates that, patriotism is not only love of
the soil of one‘s birth land, its scenario-the physical
topography but more importantly love of people of the
country.
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12. CON'T
Prevalence of equality
• Equal access implies equitable distribution of natural resources
political power and social services to the people of the country.
• Citizens would not have sense of love for their country unless they
are entertained equally to use all kinds of opportunities in their
country.
Prevalence of Rule of Law
• Rule of law is another important factor for the development of
patriotic feeling.
• Therefore, to enable citizens to have strong patriotic feeling and
positive attitude towards their country, there should be prevalence of
rule of law.
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13. Qualities of patriotic citizen
• Respecting constitution and its provisions
• Respecting the rights of others
• Loyalty
• Developing tolerance and developing the culture of peace
• Respect and protect national heritages
• Keep National Secrets
• Respecting National Symbol
• Exposing unjust act
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14. Concept of Responsibility
• Responsibility is that state of being answerable for an
obligation and having the skill, ability, and capacity to bear
it.
• It means accountability.
• Responsibility could be keeping promise, observing laws
and other social values taking inlet yourself and your
fellow. Therefore, executing responsibility include: -
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15. CON'T
The value of keeping promise
• Keeping promise is a declaration which binds the person
who makes it, either in honor, conscience, or law to do or
for bear certain specific act.
• A good citizen always keeps his/her promise, because
he/she has at least a moral obligation to do so as a
member of the society
• Promises allow people to trust one another, which in turn
allows for all sorts of cooperative benefits.
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16. CON'T
Avoid wastage of public property
• Public property is land or buildings that are for the use of everyone.
• Public properties also include those owned by government like power
generating plants, electric power transmission towers across the country,
roads, telecommunication networks and hospitals.
• As a citizen, you have the responsibility to protect such properties for future
use.
Wastage of public property can result from such things as:
• The absence of appropriate safeguards to prevent the theft and misuses,
• Purchasing procedures and practices which fail to ensure that goods and
services are necessary and adequate for their intended purpose.
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17. CON'T
Concerned with Global issues
• The natural environment is the environment composed of land, water, air,
human beings and other living creatures as well as human created
surroundings.
• Human survival depends on natural environment.
Preservation of Historical Heritage
• Historical heritages are things that reflect the living condition of the ancient
people, their culture, their work and their artifacts etc.
• Historical and cultural heritages are widely used for two main sorts of modern
function:
I. They provide socio cultural places of identities and are also resources for an
important leisure service industry.
II. They are the main source of tourism industry. 17

18. Types of Responsibility
• Citizens‘ responsibility can be seen as individual or group.
1 Individual responsibilities
• Individual responsibility refers to the moral and legal
obligation of citizens to take care for and take
responsibility for themselves and their action.
• Individual responsibility includes fulfilling personal
responsibilities to oneself, family, friends and others.
• Personal responsibility leads to social acceptance.
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19. Citizens personal responsibility Includes
• Self-governance
• Obliging the law
• Supporting families
• Behaving in civil manner
• Managing their life properly
• Respecting the right and interest of others
• Being responsible for the consequences of one‘s action
• Adhering the social and moral principle etc.
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20. CON'T
Group Responsibility
• Group responsibility is the responsibility shared by all
members of a group, community, or a nation to promote
the public interest of the common good.
• In any society members have various social obligations in
their society.
• These responsibilities are often called civic
responsibilities.
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21. CON'T
Some of citizen‘s social obligations include:
Performing public service honestly
Paying tax
Protecting public property and concern for the environment
Taking part in political activities
Managing and resolving conflict
Negotiation and compromise
Being informed and attentive to public issues
Obeying the law
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22. CON'T
Both personal and group responsibilities can be categorized in to
Moral and legal.
I. Legal responsibility: includes promises, appointments,
assignments, occupations, customs, traditions, moral principles,
citizenship, and laws are all sources of responsibility.
II. Moral responsibility: includes discharge: respecting seniors
(elders), punctuality, honesty, keeping promise are all examples of
moral responsibility 22

23. CON'T
• Responsibility can also be classified as Personal
Responsibility, Social Responsibility and Environmental
Responsibility.
Personal Responsibility:
• make and keep agreements;
• set goals and create ways to achieve them;
• accept consequences of personal choices; and
• Acknowledge personal accomplishments.
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24. CON'T
Social Responsibility:
• communicate with others in a way that empowers them,
not demeans them;
• honor others' rights, dignity, and worth,
• work together toward common goals,
• negotiate problems and conflicts successfully; and
• Create opportunities for others.
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25. CON'T
Environmental Responsibility:
• become conscious of the various contexts in which we
function;
• respect property and take care of equipment, the
classroom, the school, and the community;
• Recognize the importance of the individual taking care of
the environment as well as influencing others to take care
of the environment.
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26. Characteristics of Responsible person
• Responsible person is the one who identifies and accepts
the consequences-good or bad- of his decisions.
• Responsible behavior is made up of essential elements
honesty, compassion, respect values and norms of a
society, fairness, accountability and Courage.
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27. CON'T
Being responsible means:
• Think before we act.
• Think about how our actions affect others.
• Think before we speak.
• Are accountable
• Fix our mistakes.
• Keep trying. ...
• Are reliable and always do our job
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28. CON'T
Responsible person is:
• reliable, trustworthy, and dependable
• Gain knowledge and experience
• Benefit others and the society at large
• Develops independence and self esteem
Independent person: is a state of being free from control,
subjugation or dictation by any extreme body.
It is a situation of being dependent of one‘s resources.
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29. Respecting Values and Norms of Society
 Value: have to do with the principles beliefs or accepted standards of a
person or social groups
 Moral: it has to do with human behavior and the distinctions between
good, bad, right and wrong behavior.
• In general, good citizen responsibilities may include:
Respecting the right of others
Paying attention to how well our elected leaders do their jobs
Paying fair tax
Serving in the armed forces
Voting 29

30. Corruption
Concept of Corruption
• Corruption is a form of dishonesty or a criminal offense which is
undertaken by a person or an organization which is entrusted
with a position of authority, in order to acquire illicit benefits or
abuse power for one's personal gain.
• Corruption erodes trust, weakens democracy, hampers
economic development and further exacerbates inequality,
poverty, social division and the environmental crisis. 30

31. Causes of Corruption
The following are some main causes of corruption:
• Low Pay scales/ Wages
• Low Job opportunities
• Lack of Strict and fast punishments
• Lack of fear of bad reputation
• Lack of Public Unity
• Lack of transparency in affairs and deals
• Lack of Independent detective agency
• Lack of state funding for elections
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32. Types of Corruption
Grand Corruption
• The principal participants of grand corruption are higher government officials,
political leader, higher level professionals and higher-level merchants.
• This type of corruption mostly conducted when there are governmental
agreements, during international or higher level of purchase bids like
purchase of industrial machines, purchase of war ammunitions, fertilizers,
transport vehicles, and installations of huge industries.
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33. CON'T
• Grand corruption is the abuse of high-level power that benefits the few at the
expense of the many, and causes serious and widespread harm to
individuals and society.
• It often goes unpunished.There are three major branches of grand corruption
include Political corruption, Bureaucratic corruption and Organizational
(Systemic) corruption.
a. Political corruption: An illegal act by an office holder constitutes political
corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under
color of law or involves trading in influence. Forms of corruption vary, but
include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, patronage, graft, and
embezzlement.
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34. CON'T
b. Bureaucratic corruption: A useful working definition of public
sectorcorruption is the abuse of Authority by public officials to make
personal gains. One manifestation of this is when civil servants, or
bureaucrats, exploit their powers of discretion, delegated to them by the
government, to further their own interests.
c. Organizational (Systemic) corruption: is corruption which is primarily
due to the weaknesses of an organizational process. It can be contrasted
with individual officials or agents who act corruptly within the system. It is
also termed as endemic corruption.
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35. CON'T
Petty corruption
• It is a type of corruption under which small amount of public property (wealth) is
transferred illegally in to the pocket of individuals.
• Even though the transfer of abused wealth small in amount it crates the greatest
gap between the government and the people.
• It aggravates the grievances of the people.
• Mostly the participants of petty corruption are administrators at different levels of
government structures, government workers at grass root levels, and job
seekers.
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36. Manifestation of Corruption
• Corruption can be manifested in different ways including
the following: There are many types of corruption.
• For most people, bribery probably comes first to mind
when they hear the word corruption, but other common
types of corruption include bribery, nepotism, fraud,
embezzlement, theft, etc.
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37. CON'T
Bribery
• Bribery is the bestowing of a benefit (money or favors) to influence an
action or decision unduly.
• It can be initiated by a person who seeks or solicits bribes or by a person
who offers and then pays bribes.
• The «benefit» in bribery can be virtually any inducement: money and
valuables, company shares, inside information, sexual or other favors,
entertainment, employment or, indeed, the mere promise of incentives.
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38. CON'T
Nepotism
• Nepotism is favoritism shown by public official to relatives or close
friends generally involve abuses of discretion.
• Such abuses, however, are governed not by the self interest of an
official but the interests of someone linked to him or her through
membership of a family, political party, tribe, religious, or other group.
• The favoring of, or discriminating against, individuals can be based on
a wide range of group characteristics: race, religion, geographical
factors, political or other affiliation.
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39. CON'T
Embezzlement, Theft and Fraud
• In the context of corruption, embezzlement, theft and fraud all involve the
taking or conversion of money, property, or valuable items by an individual
who is not entitled to them but, by virtue of his or her position or employment,
has access to them
Abuse of Discretion
• In some cases, corruption can involve the abuse of discretion, vested in an
individual, for personal gain.
• Such abuse is often associated with bureaucracies where there is broad
individual discretion and few oversight or accountability structures, or where
decision-making rules are so complex that they neutralize the effectiveness
of any accountability structures.
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40. Consequences of corruption
• Impact of corruption is very hard on public life. This is more of
awkward and defaming condition than being problematic.
• But it appears that the corruption is ever rising and unstoppable.
• Further, the people involved in corruption seem to be hiding by
blaming others.Even they are proud of themselves as they made
more money
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41. Effects of corruption on people
Lack of quality in services
Lack of proper justice
Chances of Unemployment
Poor Health and hygiene
Effects of Corruption on Society
Lack of respect for rulers
Lack of faith and trust in the governments
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42. CON'T
Effects of corruption on Economy
A decrease in foreign investment
Delay in growth
Lack of development
Differences in trade ratio’s
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43. Approaches towards combating Corruption
• Preventive approach: it is based on laws of the land starting from the
constitution, other laws and rules. It focuses on the preventive role that
those laws can play.
• Curative Approach: It includes receiving complaints investigating
corruption cases and bring the corrupt officials before justice particularly
committed citizens that are vigilant to protect public property are needed to
fight against corruption.
• Such as Whistle blowers, these are people who expose wrong doings
unethical activities or criminal acts happening in their surrounding without
identifying themselves as a source. 43

44. ASSIGNMENT
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