29. Herpes zoster
Herpes zoster (shingles) presents as a painful
vesicular rash and is caused by reactivation of
the varicella-zoster virus within the dorsal root
or cranial nerve ganglia.
Abnormal skin sensations range from itching
and burning to hyperesthesia and severe pain.
30. Management of Acute Herpes Zoster
Antiviral therapy is first-line treatment and
should be initiated within 72 hours of rash
onset to increase the rate of healing and
decrease pain.
Acyclovir (Zovirax),
Famciclovir (Famvir),
Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
35. Lidocaine 5 % patch
In clinical trials (4–12 weeks), 50 % reductions
in pain have been reported in approximately
one-quarter to one third of patients.
Moreover, results from two 4-week open-label
clinical studies indicated that the lidocaine 5 %
patch was more effective than pregabalin for
alleviating PHN pain
限用於皮膚帶狀疱疹後神經痛,並符合下列:1.其他止痛劑或NSAIDs治療後仍無法控制疼痛或有
嚴重副作用 2.每日最大劑量3片,日劑量超過2片時,需於病歷記載理由。症狀改善應逐步調低劑
量 3.不得與Gabapentin口服併用
36. Tricyclic antidepressants
50 % reduction in PHN pain .
Despite their efficacy, tricyclic antidepressants
for PHN may not be the most appropriate option
for all patients.
These agents display a relatively slow onset of
action and have the potential for troublesome
systemic adverse events, such as dry mouth,
constipation, urinary retention and sedation.
37. Lyrica for postherpetic neuralgia
The anticonvulsants gabapentin and
pregabalin bind to α2-δ proteins, where they
act as voltage-gated calcium channel blockers,
inhibiting central pain pathways
38.
39.
40. Gabapentin
Gabapentin is started at 300 mg daily, with an
increaseof 300 mg every day as needed for pain relief.
The recommended dose range is 1,800–3,600 mg/day.
A daily dose greater than 1,800 mg is not generally of
greater benefit.
Pain relief occurs as early as one week after the start of
the treatment.
The common side effects are somnolence (frequent),
dizziness, and transient peripheral edema.
42. Lyrica
The initial dose is 150 mg/day in divided doses
(75 mg twice daily or 50 mg three times daily).
Could be increased to 300 mg/day within one
week
Further dose titration (to 600 mg/ day) after 2–
4 weeks
The maximum dose is 600 mg/day.
46. Prevention
one dose of the herpes zoster vaccine
(Zostavax) for persons 60 years and older.
減毒疫苗
帶狀疱疹疫苗不會因為施打
年齡而影響效果,無論是60~69、
70~79、或是80歲以上,都能使帶
狀疱疹的患病率下降55%