Powerpoint presentation masa

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Masa - GD 2 Research Group

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Members of Masa include:
• Annie Brookman
• Ava Wachter
• Marissa Biese
• Stephanie Fisher

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Topic of Research :: HEALTH
Target Area :: Wisconsin

Health categoires researched
• Obesity -- Childhood, causes and effect, and prevention
• School -- Nutrition, Fitness and Government
• Abuse -- Alcohol and Drug

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• Mental illnesses -- Elderly, Alzheimer’s and Dementia
• Farming -- Health concerns and issues
• Depression -- Job loss, economy, and college students
• Water pollution - Runoff, non-point/point source,
• Air Pollution -- Causes and Effects

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Topic of Research :: Childhood Obesity

Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that
affects children and adolescents. It occurs when a
child is well above the normal weight for his or her

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age and height. Childhood obesity is particularly
troubling because the extra pounds often start
children on the path to health problems that were
once confined to adults, such as diabetes, high blood
pressure and high cholesterol. Childhood obesity can
also lead to poor self-esteem and depression.

Researcher: Annie Brookman

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What causes childhood obesity?

• Decrease in physical activity, both in the home and at school

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Amount of time kids spend playing outside has diminished over
the past few decades. The majority of families have one or both
parents working, so there is a lack of parental supervision after
school, which leads to children staying safely inside their homes.
Safe, but stagnant.


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What causes childhood obesity?

• The physical education programs at school have been

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reduced or eliminated. Most parents rely on schools to provide
their children’s physical activity.
• Genetics


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Risks to Obese Children:

• Immediate health risks include high cholesterol, high blood

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pressure, prediatbetes, bone and joint problems, sleep apnea,
and social and psychological problems.

• Long-term health risks include type 2 diabetes, stroke, several
types of cancer, and osteoarthritis.


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Changes in Diet
• Portion sizes in food outlets have doubled in the past two
decades. There is also a very minimal charge to increase the size
of the meal. They are advertised to children on TV with toys,

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music, and social icons. One third of American children eat fast
food daily.

• Even children who receive free lunch at school will use their
money to buy the preferred high-fat food. This gives the schools
incentive to provide these foods and drinks in order to make
money.

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Over half the children in
America watch 3-5 hours of
television a day. Kids who watch
the most hours of television
have the highest rate of obesity.

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Prevention of Childhood Obesity:
• Healthy lifestyle habits, including healthy eating and physical activity.
•Dietary and physical activity behaviors are influenced by many sectors of society,
including families, communities, schools, child care settings, medical care providers,

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religious institutions, government agencies, the media, and the food and beverage
industries and entertainment industries. If these different sectors in society can make
children’s health a bigger priority, perhaps American children will start to lead a
healthier lifestyle.
•Schools play a critical role in children’s’ health. Their policies and practices heavily
influence their students’ views on healthy behavior and practices. If schools begin to
press the issues of healthy behavior on their students and within their schools, the
outcome could drastically help curb the growing rate of childhood obesity.


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Questions to consider:
What can be done to create a healthier environment for k-12 schools?

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What steps are being taken in school cafeterias?
How can we make physical education in school more of a priority?
Do different races, ethnicities, social statuses, etc. have a stake in childhood obesity?
How much of a part does the media play in childhood obesity?
How much of this issue has the government taken on?


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Topic of Research :: Eating Disorders

An eating disorder is an illness that causes serious
disturbances to your everyday diet, such as eating
extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating.

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A person with an eating disorder may have started out
just eating smaller or larger amounts of food, but at some
point, the urge to eat less or more spiraled out of control.
Severe distress or concern about body weight or shape
may also characterize an eating disorder. Approximately 11
million Americans suffer from an eating disorder.


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What are the different types of eating disorders?

•Anorexia
Extreme thinness. Relentless pursuit of weight loss, intense
fear of gaining weight, distorted self body image, extremely
restricted eating.

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•Bulimia
Frequent episodes of eating unusually large amounts of
food, and then forced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives or
diuretics, fasting, excessive exercise, or a combination of these
behaviors.
•Binge-eating Disorder
Unlike with anorexia or bulimia, binge-eating is not followed
by any sort of purging or fasting. As a result, people with this
disease are often obese or over-weight.

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How are Eating Disorders Treated?

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•Individual, group, and/or family psychotherapy
•Medical care monitoring
•Nutrition Counseling
•Medications


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What is being done to understand eating disorders?

• Researchers are finding that eating disorders are caused by a complex interaction of genetic, biological,

behavioral, psychological, and social factors.

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• One approach involves the study of the human genes, to see if any DNA variations make a person more likely

to develop an eating disorder/

• Neuroimaging studies are helping researchers to better understand eating disorders and possible treatments.

They have seen differences in brain activity between a healthy woman and a woman suffering from bulimia.

• Psychotherapy interventions are also being studied. Understanding how different treatments are helping or

failing to help people with these diseases.


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“Approximately 11 million
Americans suffer from
an eating disorder.”

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What part does the media play in encouraging eating disorders?

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What areas in Wisconsin have the highest percentage of people with eating disorders?
What’s the family/social environment of people with eating disorders?
Do different, races, ethnicities, social statuses, etc. play a role in who has an eating disorder?

Is there a certain personality that is more susceptible to these disorders?


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Topic of Research :: Alcohol and Drug Abuse

Alcohol consumption in the state of Wisconsin.
In the country, Wisconsin has the highest rates of current alcohol use, heavy use, and binge drinking among adults.

Because of this, the number of alcohol-related injuries and diseases are accountable for a large percentage of primary

care and emergency department visits in the state. In 2009 statistics show that Wisconsin high school students

reported the 11th highest rate of current alcohol use (41%) among all reporting states. However it is not all negative

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when we are discussing alcohol use in the state of Wisconsin. Many rates of alcohol use have declined since previous

years, for example among students alcohol use has gone down from 52% in 1999 to 41% in 2009. In the 2010

Wisconsin state profile, the number of “alcohol as underlying or contributing cause of death” was 917. The number

of alcohol related motor vehicle crashes was 3,511, and the number of OWI citations given out was 3,315. The next

area of numbers displayed in the 2010 Wisconsin state profile was very interesting, because of the particular areas of

information that were given; the alcohol related hospitalizations’ in the year 2010 was a total of 11,621 patients who

stayed an average of 3.8 days and were charged an average amount of $11,304. The age groups defined in this statistic

were 18-44 years of age and 45-64 years of age. The older age groups had a higher number of hospitalization’s, 6,110

and were also charged more ($12,582) than that of the younger age group.

Researcher: Ava Wachter

“ “In 2009 statistics show
that Wisconsin high school
students reported the 11th
highest rate of current
alcohol use (41%) among
all reporting states”

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Alcohol and Drug Abuse Statistics
• among students alcohol use has gone down from 52% in 1999 to 41% in 2009

• in 2010 Wisconsin state profile, the number of “alcohol as underlying or contribution cause of death” was 917

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• The number of alcohol related motor vehicle crashes was 3,511

• the number of OWI citations given out was 3,315

• in the year 2010 was a total of 11,621 patients who stayed an average of 3.8 days and

were charged an average amount of $11,304

• Last weekend the Milwaukee Police issued 39 citations for underage drinking,

excessive noise and other violations. A majority of those cited were UWM students


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1. What types of settings are high school students consuming alcohol in?

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2. Is there a parent or guardian present?
3. Is this parent or guardian aware of the drinking that is taking place or unaware?
4. What area of Wisconsin has the highest rate of alcohol consumption amongst
high school students?
5. How many liquor stores are in the areas rated highest for consumption of alcohol
by high school students?


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Bibliography.

1. Wisconsin Medical Society. Prevalence of Involuntary Commitment for
Alcohol Dependence. http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/_WMS/

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publications/wmj/pdf/111/2/55.pdf
2. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Alcohol consumption.
Wisconsin Epidemiological Profile on Alcohol and Other Drug Use. 2010.
http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/stats/pdf/alcoholconsumption.pdf
3. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Wisconsin Deaths, 2010. http://
dhs.wisconsin.gov/deaths/.


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Topic of Research :: Cases of Alzheimer’s and dementia
One in eight older Americans has Alzheimer’s disease. In addition Alzheimer’s disease is

the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. Between the year 2000 and 2025

the percentage of people with Alzheimer’s will increase 24.1%-31.0%, this is due to

increase in population over the age of 65. In the year 2010, the state of Wisconsin had

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a total of 110,000 people with Alzheimer’s disease. The projected number of people

with Alzheimer’s disease in the year 2025 is said to be 130,000. The number of deaths

due to Alzheimer’s amongst all ages in the year 2010 was 2,216. According to a study

in Marshfield Wisconsin, conducted by the Marshfield clinic, there are connections

between a person’s genes, their environment and Alzheimer’s disease. It was said that

Alzheimer’s disease was shown to be double for smokers compared to non-smokers.

They also concluded that an increased BMI is a high risk factor for dementia.


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“ In the year 2010, the state
of Wisconsin had a total
of 110,000 people with
Alzheimer’s disease. The
projected number of people
with Alzheimer’s disease in the
year 2025 is said to be 130,000”

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1. What can we do to prevent dementia and or Alzheimer’s disease?

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2. Is there a better chance of a prevention plan in children compared to adults?
3. Are Alzheimer’s and or dementia genetic?
4. What is considered to be more common, Alzheimer’s or dementia?
5. Are there different mental illnesses that are considered to be “under” Alzheimer’s
disease?
6. Does trauma or repressed memory play a role in Alzheimer’s?
7. What other areas of mental or emotional illness contribute to Alzheimer’s disease?


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Bibliography

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1. Clinical Medicine & Research, Marshfield Clinic. A Pilot Study of Gene/
Gene and Gene/Environment, Interactions in Alzheimer Disease.
Clinmedres.org

2. Alzheimer’s Association. 2012 Alzheimer’s disease Facts and Figures.
http://www.alz.org/downloads/facts_figures_2012.pdf.


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Topic of Research :: Health Issues Concerning Farmers
The working conditions at confined animal feeding operations are dangerous, unhealthy,

and extreme. Animals are often placed above large pits that store their manure. Harmful

gases are produced by the decomposing manure and contaminates the air that farmers

breathe. The harmful gases include hydrogen sulfide (which cannot be detected by smell

even at high levels), ammonia, carbon dioxide (which both can asphyxiate a person at high

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enough concentrations), and methane (which is highly flammable) along with other irritants,

endotoxins and dust, which come from cell walls of bacteria in the manure. Farmers spend

long hours in these conditions, the substances are harmful to them through chronic (long-

term) exposure at low levels or acute (concentrated) exposure at higher levels. Respiratory

ailments are the most common problems that come with chronic exposure. 25% of all

workers confined in animal feeding operations experience chronic bronchitis, and up to 70%

will have acute bronchitis during the year. The long-term exposure to hydrogen sulfide can

cause many problems in the neurological and cardiological systems. Bronchitis, arrhythmias,

and heart attacks are symptoms that are caused by regular inhalation.
Researcher: Marissa Biese

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Gases produced from decomposing manure can even be lethal because they are highly

toxic, workers that work near maure storage systems and animal houses are more prone to

this. There is also a serious danger to workers who work near manure storage systems and

animal houses that are improperly ventilated due to either neglect or equipment failure.

Long term effects from chemical exposure include poisoning, headache, nausea, skin rashes

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and irritation, chemical burns, cancer, birth defects, disease of lungs, liver and kidneys, and

nervous system disorders.

Most farm accidents and fatalities involve machinery. Getting hit, run over, or entangled in

machinery can lead to death or severe injury. In the most recent 5-years, the average was

24.8 fatalities in Wisconsin. Another hazard from machinery is hearing loss which comes from

exposure to loud machinery such as combines, grain dryers/grinders, chain saws, and tractors.

Other hazards farmers face are electric injuries from faulty switches, chords, machinery or

overhead power lines. Heights from falling off ladders, rooftops, silos, and windmills. The

weather also creates a large impact on a farmers health because of sunburn, heat stroke,

dehydration and hypothermia.

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The Biese Homestead Issues they face:
1. Weather - enough rain, growing season, early frost

2. Markets fluctuate with how much crop brought in, drought can affect – if

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you have a good crop season you get more money, vice versa

3. Insects and weeds – pesticides and herbicides used but they kill off

honeybees, bees are necessary for pollination

4. Worry about neighbors – don’t like smells, don’t want herbicides drifting into

lot, noise complaints, dust complaints


“ “25% of all workers confined

in animal feeding operations

experience chronic bronchitis,

and up to 70% will have acute

bronchitis during the year”

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1. How can farmers protect themselves from breathing harmful chemicals?
2. Are ventilation systems doing enough to protect workers from the chemicals?

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3. What do organic farmers use as an alternative to pesticides, if they use anything at all?
4. What preventative measures are farmers taking to reduce machine accidents?
5. Are farmers taking the necessary precautions to maintain their farms and keep them
up to code?


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Bibliography.

Articles :

http://fyi.uwex.edu/agsafety/2011/02/02/896/ - percentages of fatalities in Wisconsin due to tractor/machinery

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accidents

http://www.cliffordlaw.com/news/headlines-in-the-news/dbview?ItemID=19939688 - article of a fatal farm

accident in Wisconsin

http://kstp.com/news/stories/s2596221.shtml - article of a fatal farm accident in Wisconsin

Sources with actual web links :

http://www.sustainabletable.org/issues/workers/

http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Farm_safety_handling_chemicals

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/youth/agriculture/machinery.html

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/aginjury/ -for information on statistics

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Topic of Research :: Depression

Researchers say severe mental illness is more common among college students than it

was a decade ago, with most young people seeking treatment for depression and anxiety.

According to the Mental Health America 10% of college students have been diagnosed with

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depression. Often a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors are

involved in the onset of clinical depression. Common stressors in college life include greater

academic demands, being on your own in a new environment, changes in family relations.

Financial responsibilities, changes in social life, exposure to new people, ideas and temptations,

awareness of your sexual identity and orientation, and preparing for life after graduation.


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Common symptoms are sadness, anxiety, fatigue, loss of interest, sleep disturbances, appetite

and weight change, feelings of hopelessness, guilt, thoughts of suicide, difficulty concentrating,

making decisions or remembering, and irritability or excessive crying. Suicide is the second

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leading cause of death in college students ages 20 – 24. Teens diagnosed with depression are

five times more likely to attempt suicide than adults. With a 5.5% tuition increase affording

college is getting further and further away. College students often find themselves worrying

about money. For many students, it is their first time out in the “real world” and they don’t

exactly have the money-managing skills of their parents. Now they have to finance (or help

finance) room and board, find money for the increasing tuition and pay their bills on time. The

high cost of tuition also adds extra stress to student’s lives, because they have to worry about

paying off student loans once they graduate.


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Job loss and unemployment can start a vicious cycle of depression.

Overall, the financial strain that resulted from people unemployed leads to a cascade of

negative life events. The researchers found that the chain of adversity - job loss, financial strain,

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depression, loss of personal control, decreased emotional functioning and declining physical

health – can continue for more than two years.

Wisconsin is the only state in the nation that had “statistically significant” job losses over the

past 12 months, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The state lost 23,900 jobs from

March 2011 to March 2012.


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The states suicide rate continues to rise and is exceeding those of neighboring states. It has

even remained higher than the national rate for about 10 years. There has been a large increase

since the recession began. The loss of employment almost always triggers financial stress. When

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no money is coming in, financial difficulties may hinder someone from the ability to make a car

payment. So the car is retrieved, and this is a negative life event. Without transportation, finding

new employment may become difficult, which is another negative life event. So the longer

people remain unemployed, the more financial difficulties they are likely to experience. And the

negative life events pile up, one on top of the other.


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In addition, a job loss may also mean the loss of health care benefits. This could

make caring for health problems difficult, putting additional stress on finances and

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relationships. Even after a person has found a new job, depression may persist.

According to an article by Dr. Shelley Narula, when people find new jobs, they are

concerned about losing them. They are scared that they might have to go through

the whole process again and the next time, the situation could be worse due to their

advancing age and they probably might be missing out on the needed skills.


“ Wisconsin is the only state in
the nation that had “statistically
significant” job losses over the
past 12 months, according to the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The state lost 23,900 jobs from
March 2011 to March 2012.

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1. How easy is it to get help and seek services?

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2. What are alternatives to treating depression aside from medicine?
3. What activities fight against depression?
4. What are schools doing to prevent depression among their students?
5. What are ways to decrease school expenses?
6. What are ways to build confidence during job loss?


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Bibliography.
Articles:
http://www.fox21online.com/content/high-school-students-putting-comedy-show-fight-depression -article on students making a difference
http://www.jsonline.com/news/education/uw-system-regents-approve-a-55-tuition-hike-cl5mqh4-157857585.html - article on 5.5% tuition hike
http://www.fox11online.com/dpp/news/wisconsin/university-of-wisconsin-system-wants-5-point-5-percent-tuition-increase-for-2012-13-
school-year - proposed tuition rates after 5.5% hike again

Sources with actual web links:
http://www.wimentalhealth.org/lifespan/young_adults/college.php
http://www.wimentalhealth.org/disorders/mood_disorders/depression.php

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http://psychcentral.com/lib/2008/depression-and-anxiety-among-college-students/all/1/
http://www.nmha.org/index.cfm?objectid=C7DF950F-1372-4D20-C8B5BD8DFDD94CF1
http://www.wisconsinwatch.org/2010/02/21/wisconsin-suicide-toll-rises-exceeds-rates-of-neighboring-states/ - statistics on rising suicide rates
http://www.jsonline.com/business/state-posts-largest-percentage-job-loss-in-us-over-past-year-report-shows-ib54utt-148694855.html -
wisconsin job loss stats
http://www.ohe.state.mn.us/sPagesOHE/TuitionChart.cfm?State=WI&pageID=654&1534-D83A_1933715A=0a1c324f425c7807b6ca7be01455dfc
d83fd33c8 - a list of Wisconsin tuition and fees
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CGQQFjAJ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheab.state.wi.us%2Fdocs%2F
commission%2Ftuition-increase-corrected-0724.pdf&ei=BytRUOdVqubRAeC2gYgN&usg=AFQjCNHIxaPSIMi49HNUB5j9r6xsz6jGVA - tuition rate
percentage pdf
http://www.steadyhealth.com/articles/Job_Loss_May_Cause_Long_Lasting_Depression_a813.html

BIBLIOGRAPHY

“Father and Son Die in Manure Pond.” Workers, Farm Worker Safety. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. <http://www.sustainabletable.org/issues/
workers/>.

“Farm Safety - Handling Agrichemicals.” Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. <http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/
Farm_safety_handling_chemicals>.


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Topic of Research :: Air Pollution

Summary of Air pollution in Wisconsin

The state of Wisconsin ranks 21st in the US with health risks from air pollutants, and emits more than 1.8 million tons of

carbon monoxide each year. The most common sources of air pollutants in Wisconsin are electric power plants, motor

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vehicles, industrial processes, off-road equipment, road dust, and wood-burning stoves, according to the EPA. There

are many health risks due to poor air quality including premature death from heart or lung disease from exposure to

fine particles of pollution, as well as decreased lung function, aggravated asthma, development of chronic bronchitis,

irregular heartbeat, and nonfatal heart attacks according to recent health studies. In 2009 the Department of Health

Services reported that there were a total of 5,356 hospitalizations in Wisconsin for which asthma was the principal

diagnosis, costing an average of $11,791 per hospitalization. In a broader sense of the subject, more than 4 out of 10

people living in the U.S. live in counties that have unhealthful levels of either ozone or particle pollution states.

Researcher: Stephanie Fisher

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Largest sources of Air Pollution
in Wisconsin • Electric power plants
• Motor Vehicles

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• Industrial Processes
• Off-Road Equipment
• Road Dust
• Wood Burning Stoves


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• Decreased lung function
• Aggravated Asthma
• Chronic Bronchitis

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• Irregular Hearbeat
• Nonfatal Heart attacks...

...all caused by poor air quality

“ “More than 5,000
young people are
hospitalized every
year in Wisconsin
with asthma.” - DHS 2009


Air Quality advisories have been issued
in local counties as recent as August
25 2012. These advisories issued due to elevated

levels of ground level ozone. That is formed when

pollution from power plans, factories and vehicle tailpipes

chemically reacts with hot temperatures, high humidity

and atmospheric stagnation - EPA




How can we prevent hazardous chemical emissions from businesses?

What can we do to further educate young children on the subject?

Is there anyway to find more funding for up to date research on the subject?

Nationally how can we give aid to those suffering from extreme air pollution?

Is there a device one could wear to prevent inhalation of air bound chemicals?

Where do we see air pollution going, will it ever end or will it get worse?



Sources:

Air Quality, Asthma, and fact sheets - http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/hometips/dhp/air.htm

Air quality fact sheet -http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/hometips/dhp/HealthyHomes-AirQuality.pdf

Air issues fact sheet http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/eh/Air/index.htm

Burden of Asthma in Wisconsin http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/eh/asthma/pdf/BOAWI_2007.PDF

Asthma Resources http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/eh/Asthma/index.htm

Air quality advisories - http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/air-qualify-advisory-in-effect-until-1-am-sunday-8e6kel4-167450275.html

Businesses not complying with clean air regulations - http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/84828602.html

Air pollution ranking -

http://www.americashealthrankings.org/WI/pm25/2011

http://scorecard.goodguide.com/index.tcl

http://scorecard.goodguide.com/env-releases/hap/rank-states.tcl

http://scorecard.goodguide.com/env-releases/hap/state.tcl?fips_state_code=55#rankings


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Topic of Research :: Water Pollution

Summary of Water pollution in Wisconsin

According to National Geographic more than 700 of Wisconsin’s lakes, streams, and

rivers are polluted. The cause for this pollution is due to damaged ecosystems, and

”
fish kills. The main toxic chemical found in Wisconsin’s bodies of water is mercury,

however it is nutrient pollution that is the cause of fish kills. At high levels nutrients

can be deadly. The primary source for pollution is water runoff, which contains

pollutants from the surrounding areas.


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Common forms of water pollution

• Animal Waste

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• Household Chemicals
• Industrial Runoff
• Sewage
• Trash
• Landscaping Chemicals


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• Vomiting or diarrhea
• A sick stomach
• Skin rashes

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• Cancer
• Reproductive problems
• Developmental problems

...all caused by poor water quality



Where is the most concentrated area of water pollution in the U.S?

How can we provide international aid for water projects as a college student?

Is water pollution something we can prevent using cost efficient methods?

What kind of community group could be created to further advances of the clean water act.



Sources:
1. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources: Impaired Waters List
2. United States Environmental Protection Agency: Wisconsin Bass
Lake
3. United States Environmental Protection Agency: Controlling
Nonpoint Source Runoff Pollution from Roads, Highways and Bridges
4. Wisconsin Lakes: Polluted Runoff


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