Cosmic Evolution was first presented to Tallahassee FF.

1. Dr Gary A Stilwell Cosmic Evolution

9. Timelines - The Really Big Picture The following graphics will be used to illustrate the various time periods under discussion

10. Time Frame - Age of Cosmos 15 B* 10B 5B Now * actually 13.7 B The ~15 Billion Year History of the Universe: The 1st Billion years The last 5 billion years Galaxies Formed 4.6 Billion Years Earth Formed

11. 5B 4B 3B 2B 1B Now 500M 400M 300M 200M 100M Now 1M 0.8M 0.6M 0.4M 0.2M Now Time Frame - Age of Cosmos - cont. Human Civilization 12,000 Years 15 B 10B 5B Now Earth Formed Life Vertebrates Plants Land Animals Dinosaurs Mammals Primates Hominids Homo Sapiens 500 Million Galaxies Formed 4.6 Billion Years Earth Formed

12. 15 B 10B 5B Now 0 400 K 1 M 0 3 minutes Time Frame - Age of Cosmos The 1st Few Seconds Galaxies Form Earth Forms Electron Capture Forces separate, inflation occurs, and matter is created

13. A 2-D Look at Cosmic Evolution Here be Dragons

14. The Birth of the Universe - Limits of Our Knowledge time = 0 Temperature = infinite increasing time incr. expansion Particle theories uncertain Quantum gravity needed Singularity!? We can have knowledge of the universe's origin only after the Planck time of 10 -43 sec time = ~14 B years Temp = ~ 3K }

15. The Progress of the New Physics This is why we are limited to AFTER the Planck time.

16. Big Bang is Not an Explosion

17. Big Bang - a more correct view A More Correct View of the Big Bang Theory

18. Quantum Fluctuations and Particle Physics A Review of Particle Physics is Necessary to Understand Early Cosmology Quantum fluctuations are allowed by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

19. Quantum Vacuum Energy

21. Structure of Ordinary Matter

22. Standard Model of Sub-Atomic Particles all known matter and force Ordinary matter Forces Exotic matter Fermions

23. Planck Time, Forces Split 10 -43 sec is the smallest time that our physics works NEED: quantum gravity theory

24. Planck Era At time = 10 - 43 sec 10 21 times smaller 10 -12 cm

25. Gravity

26. Electromagnetic

27. Strong

28. Weak

29. The Four Forces - Unification

30. Forces - breaking symmetry at cosmic origin - temperature and time Cosmic Time (sec) 10 -43 10 -36 10 -11

31. Inflation Starts ~10 -36 sec.

32. Horizon Problem

33. Normal Expansion versus Inflation

34. Inflation

35. Our Observable Universe

36. Matter Matter created in steps starting after the Planck time 10 -43 sec At ~ 60K years: Radiation (photons, neutrinos) Energy Density becomes equal to Dark and Atomic Matter Density.

37. Space-time Foam

38. Matter Creation and Destruction

39. Particles Created and Annihilated

40. Making Quarks 10 -34 sec.

41. Quarks to Nuclei at 3 min

42. Making Elements at Universe = 1 Minute Old

43. Cosmic Background Radiation Free Electrons and Nuclei pair up to form Atoms at ~400 K years Called Recombination Makes Universe Transparent

44. Matter Evolution

45. The Helium Atom Model ~ 400K years after Big Bang 4 2 He

46. The Atomic Nucleus

47. The Structure of the Atom Atom = 100,000 times Nucleus 10 -10 / 10 -15 = 10 5 The atom is almost EMPTY void!!

48. Click here to type page title

49. END A few discussion slides follow

51. The Milky Way Galaxy

52. Universe Magnitudes

54. Life Cycle of Stars

55. Anthropic

56. Expanding Universe - Red Shift