The document discusses different types of foundations for structures, including shallow and deep foundations. It describes spread footings, mat/raft foundations, piles, piers, and caissons. Spread footings are the most common shallow foundation and involve concrete slabs under columns and load-bearing walls. Mat/raft foundations use a continuous slab to spread loads over a large area, especially for high loads or poor soil. Deep foundations like piles, piers, and caissons extend deeper into the ground to bear loads in stronger soil layers. Piles transfer loads through end bearing or friction, while piers and caissons are constructed by excavating holes and filling with concrete.

2. TYPES OF FOUNDATION

6. SPREAD FOUNDATION

10. PAD FOUNDATION

18. MAT/RAFT FOUNDATION

26. PILES

65. CAISSON FOUNDATION

75. TO BE CONTINUED, NEXT TOPIC