2. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
Starter-Group Activity
Decide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1
Anatomy
1. There are over 1,000 muscles in your body.
2. Skeletal, or voluntary, muscles are the muscles you can control.
3. Ligaments connect muscles to bones.
4. Your heart is a muscle.
5. A muscle gets strained when it is stretched too much.
6. A sprain happens when a tendon is stretched too much.
7. Muscles that are not used can get smaller and weaker.
8. You don’t need more than 30 min. of physical activity every
day.
9. If something hurts when playing sports, you should play
through the pain and it will go away.
3. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
Starter-Group Activity
Decide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1
Anatomy
STARTER – Group Activity
Decide whether the following statements are true or false:
10. A balanced diet:
a) Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-
free or low-fat dairy products like milk, cheese, and
yogurt.
b) Includes protein from lean meats, poultry, seafood,
beans, eggs, and nuts.
c) Is low in solid fats, saturated fats, cholesterol, salt
(sodium), added sugars, and refined grains.
d) All of the above
6. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types
of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Skeletal Muscles (striated and voluntary muscles)
Attach to bones and have the main function of contracting
to move the body
Striated-appearance of light and dark stripes
7. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types
of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Cardiac muscle only in the
walls of the heart.
Similar to:
skeletal muscle -striated
smooth muscle-
involuntarily controlled
Now complete the Types of
Muscles section in your workbook!
8. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types
of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Smooth muscle
(Unstriated) Involuntary
muscle due to our
inability to control its
movements.
Found in the walls of
hollow organs such as the
stomach, esophagus,
bronchi and in the walls
of blood vessels.
Now complete the Types of
Muscles section in your workbook!
9. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
REVIEW POINT
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types
of muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme.
11. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
Topic 1
Anatomy
MOVEMENT
• Skeletal muscles contract exerting forces on the
tendons
• Tendons pull on the bones causing joint movement
14. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
Topic 1
Anatomy
GENERATE HEAT
• Body wants to be cozy
• When temps drop, the
body shivers to warm
back up!
15. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
REVIEW POINT
Four functions of muscles
Topic 1
Anatomy
Movement
Move Substances
Stabilize the body
Generate heat
DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme.
18. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics
common to muscle tissue
Topic 1
Anatomy
• Excitability: ability to receive and respond to
stimuli via generation of an electrical pulse
• Contractility: ability of the muscle to contract and
generate force when stimulated
• Extensibility: ability of muscle to lengthen without
damage
• Elasticity: ability of muscle to return to resting
length
19. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics
common to muscle tissue
Topic 1
Anatomy
• Atrophy: is the wasting of muscle tissue
Hypertrophy: is the increase in size of muscle
tissue.
Controlled by nerve stimuli – A nerve impulse is
required for movement to occur
Fed by capillaries – Muscles receive nourishment
through the blood supply.
22. IB
Sports,
exercise and
health science Anatomy
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal
muscle
Topic 1
Anatomy
Fascia is a connective tissue – three main roles
- Transmit Force
- Provide Support
- Protect Tissue
25. Three Golden Rules of
Skeletal Muscle Activity
Muscles only contract and relax.
Muscles only work on joints they cross.
Muscles work best in the direction of their fibers.
Tip – Muscles in front do one action – in back do the
other. Origin is proximal, Insertion is distal. Larger
end is often the origin
26. Muscle Attachment
Origin- end of
muscle attached to
immovable (or less
moveable) bone
Insertion- end of
muscle attached to
moveable bone
During contraction,
insertion moves
toward origin
27. Interactions of Skeletal Muscles
Agonist/ Prime movers - are the muscles
mostly responsible for the movement
Antagonists - oppose/reverse movement
Synergists - work with prime movers to
stabilize the muscle
Fixators - work with prime movers to
stabilize bone or origin. These are mostly
found around the hip and shoulder joint.
28. Flexion (Bending) of the Arm
• The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating
the movement is called the agonist.
• The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement
take place is called the antagonist.
Agonist
(The biceps
contract)
Antagonist
(The triceps
relaxes)
• Other muscles support the agonist in creating movement and these are called
synergist (neutralizer).
• Fixator (stabilizer) muscles that allow the agonist to work, stabilizing the
origin Fixators and Stabilizers
29. Antagonistic Muscles
• Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are
attached to the bones by fascia known as
tendons.
• They work in pairs, each contracting or
relaxing in turn to create movement.
Ex.Biceps brachii and triceps
brachii work in what is called
Antagonistic Muscle Action.
As one muscle shortens the other
one lengthens.