Personality and values (repaired)

Futures Workbooks: Your Personality and Values 1/40

YOUR PERSONALITY AND VALUES

Welcome to ‘Your Personality and Values’, one of several ‘Futures’
workbooks, which help you choose and prepare a career route after
graduation. Like the other workbooks in the series you can dip in and out
doing the exercises which are most relevant to you. You might want ti
include the exercises or the output in your personal development plan or
e-portfolio

The aim of this workbook is to help you to clarify or identify your
personality type and work values as a step toward choosing work that
really suits you. It can also help you in the preparation for job selection
interviews and for other occasions when you may want or need to analyse
your personality type and work values.

Contents

You.............................................................................................................................................................3
personality type..........................................................................................................................................5
TYPE....................................................................................................................................................11
Persuasive/Influencing.........................................................................................................................11
ESTJ.....................................................................................................................................................11
TYPE....................................................................................................................................................12
INFP.....................................................................................................................................................12
Business/Service..................................................................................................................................12
ESFP....................................................................................................................................................13
Business Related..................................................................................................................................13
INTJ.....................................................................................................................................................13
TYPE....................................................................................................................................................14
Clerical.....................................................................................................................................................14
ESFJ.....................................................................................................................................................14
TYPE....................................................................................................................................................15
INTP.....................................................................................................................................................15
TYPE....................................................................................................................................................15
ENFP....................................................................................................................................................15
ISTJ......................................................................................................................................................16
ESTP....................................................................................................................................................17
INFJ..........................................................................................................................................................17
ENFJ....................................................................................................................................................18
Active/Persuasive.................................................................................................................................18
ISTP.....................................................................................................................................................18
TYPE....................................................................................................................................................19
Administrative......................................................................................................................................19
ENTJ....................................................................................................................................................19
ISFP......................................................................................................................................................20
TYPE....................................................................................................................................................20
ENTP....................................................................................................................................................20
TYPE....................................................................................................................................................21
ISFJ......................................................................................................................................................21
values.......................................................................................................................................................23
score the survey........................................................................................................................................31
SECTION 4: PULLING THE TRENDS TOGETHER.......................................................................38
might suit you...................................................................................................................................39


Personality Type: this is a way of describing the cluster of outward
behavioural characteristics that an individual presents to the world.

Values: these are our motives and beliefs; the things we believe are
important to us; the things that drive our ambitions and life goals.

When you have completed the exercises in this workbook, you are advised
to move on to either ‘Futures’ workbook: ‘Assessing Your Skills’, or
workbook: ‘Decision Making and Problem Solving, as these workbooks
look respectively at your skills and your responses to problems and how
you make decisions. Completing all the exercises in both workbooks will
help you clarify or gain a broad view of yourself.

SECTION 1: YOU (twenty five minutes)

Personality You may well be matched for a particular job in terms of
your skills. However, if it doesn’t fit your personality as well as you can
become frustrated, stressed and unhappy.

For example, if you are very sociable it is likely you want to work with
others in your day to day role.

Many graduate roles allow for ‘job crafting’ i.e. developing the role to
meet your own skills, interests and abilities.

The most defining feature of my personality is…
Quite shy when with completely new people but social when I have familiarised myself with them
Very hard working and don’t give up easily
Like to have a bit of competition

Others who don’t know me well might see me, at first, as…
Shy and reserved


Something really positive about my personality is….
Very hard working
Good with my hands
Got at working in a team or group

Someone who knows me very well would say of me…
I like to socialise, sporty, hardworking, flexible with my behaviour to change to different situations

Under pressure I can …
Think in a logical way to help the situation

Looking back in life so far, the things I have done that gave me the
greatest ‘buzz’ were…
Sports which have an adrenaline rush such as rugby and skiing. I also really like the feeling of success


When you have completed the other sections in this workbook, come back
to this section and compare results.

SECTION 2: PERSONALITY TYPE (15 minute exercise)

The idea that personality can be categorised into types was popularised
and developed by Katharine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers. They
developed an in depth test of personality type, the MBTI.
There are many other models of personality and other tests personality
type. However, please note these exercises are not properly validated
psychometric personality tests.
In the exercise that follows you will be considering four aspects of your
own personality. When considering each of these aspects you will be
asked to decide whether you are more towards one end of the scale or the
other. The scales are:
Extroversion … introversion;
Sensing … intuition;
Thinking … feeling and;
Judging … perceiving.


This will result in a personality profile which you can read more about
later in the workbook. There is no right or wrong answers: simply different
personality types. Each personality type brings benefits and
disadvantages. Knowing your personality type though, can help you play
to your strengths.

EXTROVERSION & INTROVERSION
Where, primarily, do you direct your energy?

To the outer world of activity, and spoken words or to the inner world of
thoughts and emotions?
If it is toward the outer world of activity or words, it is called
Extroversion, denoted by the letter E. If it is toward the inner world of
ideas, information, or thoughts, it is called Introversion, denoted by the
letter I. Extro- is a prefix meaning 'without' and Intro- is a prefix
meaning 'within'.

Most people think that extroverted means ‘talkative’ and introverted
means ‘shy’ or ‘reserved’, but this is a very simplistic way of looking at
these two dimensions

During each day you will undoubtedly spend time spontaneously doing or
saying things, as well as retreating into the inner world of contemplation
and thought. If your working day has involved much interaction with the
world, even the clearest Extrovert may feel at the end of the day that he
or she wants to be left alone with his thoughts. Conversely, if an Introvert
has been working in isolation all day, he or she may feel that she needs to
socialise in the evening to restore some balance.

You, like every other individual, need to find a particular balance of both
introversion and extroversion. However, generally introverts enjoy
spending time alone to ‘recharge their batteries’, whilst the reverse is true
for extroverts.
Some general points about extroverts and introverts:

Extroverts: Introverts:
Energised by being with others Energised by spending time
alone
Often thinks out loud Inclined to think things through
without speech
Shares personal feelings easily More private with their feelings

On balance do you think you incline more to:

E or I ? Write which letter you incline to in this box: I
THE KIND OF INFORMATION WE NATURALLY NOTICE


How do you prefer to process information?
In the form of known facts and familiar terms, or in the form of
possibilities or new potential?

Some people focus on ‘what is’, whilst others focus on ‘what could be’.

If it is in the form of facts or familiar terms, it is called Sensing, denoted
by the letter S. If it is in the form of possibilities or new potential, it is
called iNtuition, denoted by the letter N (N is used rather than I, to avoid
confusion with Introversion).

The term Sensing is used because information is taken in primarily by way
of the senses. The term iNtuition is used because information is perceived
primarily in an intuitive fashion.

Sensing types tend to be interested in tangible reality, focusing on the
present, and seeing what is, rather than what might be. At an extreme,
Sensing types can have their feet so well and truly on the ground that
they miss out on possibilities for the future.

The preference for iNtuition suggests a greater emphasis on insight and
the future, focusing on what might be, rather than what is. At an extreme,
iNtuition types can focus so much on possibilities that they lose touch with
current realities.

Sensing types tend to communicate in direct ways, whilst iNtuition types
prefer to communicate in creative ways.

Sensing: iNtuition:

Trusts what is certain and concrete Trusts instinct, inspiration and
inference
Likes new ideas only if they are Likes new ideas for their own sake
practical
Values realism and common sense Values imagination and innovation
Likes to use established skills Likes to learn new skills
Presents information in a step-by- Gets bored easily after mastering
step way new skills
Good at noting and remembering Best at interpreting facts
facts


It can be hard sometimes to decide which ‘side’ we are on with this
particular element as people are often a mixture of the two – but again, it
is about deciding which side generally we are inclined to.

S or N ? Write which letter you incline to in this box: S

HOW WE MAKE DECISIONS

How do you prefer to make decisions?
On the basis of logic and objective considerations
or
On the basis of personal values

If it is on the basis of logic and objective considerations, it is called
Thinking, denoted by the letter T.
If it is on the basis of personal values, it is called Feeling, denoted by the
letter F.

Thinking types prefer decisions that make sense logically. They pride
themselves on their ability to be objective and analytical. They make
decisions by analysing and weighing the evidence, even if it means
coming to unpleasant conclusions.

Feeling types make decisions based on how much they care or what they
feel is right. They pride themselves on their ability to be compassionate in
their judgements.

The terms ‘thinking’ and ‘feeling’ carry certain connotations. In Western
culture, for example, there is a strong gender bias to certain types of
behaviour. Men may feel they should choose ‘thinking’, even though their
instincts draw them to ‘feeling’. Conversely, women may be more inclined
instinctively to the ‘thinking’ type, but socialised to feel they should opt
for the ‘feeling’ category.

Thinking: Feeling:
• Steps back from problems and • Thinks hard about effects of
analyses them decisions on individuals

• Truth more important than • Generally likes to satisfy or
tact and can take a hard line please others
when necessary
• Strong motivation to achieve • Will look for compromises

• Trusts feelings only if they • Believes feelings are
are logical important in decision making


On balance do you think you incline more to: T or F?

Write which letter you incline to in this box: F

THE WAY WE ORGANISE OUR LIVES

How do you prefer to organise your life?
In a structured way, making decisions and knowing where you
stand
or
In a flexible way, discovering life as you go along

If it is in a structured way, making decisions and knowing where you
stand, then it is called Judgement (J). If it is in a flexible way,
discovering life as you go along - this is called Perception (P).

Someone whose preference is Judgement prefers, in their lifestyle, to
make decisions. This means that they prefer to make decisions about
what to do, where to go, what to say, and so on. As a result of these
decisions, their lifestyle appears organised. They like to feel they have
control over their own bit of life.

Someone whose preference is Perception prefers, in their lifestyle, to
learn or experience new things. This means that they prefer to find out
more, rather than making decisions, and are more comfortable when they
keep their options open. As a result of this openness they can appear, and
feel to be, flexible in outlook and behaviour.

An important distinction between Judgement and Perception types is in
the issue of closure of decisions. J-type personalities experience tension
until a final decision on an issue is made. P-types, however, experience
tension when they are forced to make a decision, as they often prefer to
keep their options open.

Judgement: Perception:
• Happiest after decisions are • Prefers to leave options open
made
• Strong work ethic – work first, • Strong play ethic
play later
• Sets goals & works toward • Enjoys adapting to new
these situations

• Gains satisfaction from finishing • Enjoys starting new projects
projects
• Prefers knowing exactly what’s • Copes well with ambiguity
involved


J or P ? Write which letter you incline to in this box: J

Working out your own preference
Everyone's personality will reflect all aspects of the model. You use
Extroversion as well as Introversion, Sensing as well as iNtuition, Thinking
as well as Feeling, and Judgement as well as Perception.

However, you are likely to have preferences of response to situations
that will help you to arrive at your profile.

List the letters you have chosen for each of the four dimensions.

Your choice of letters: ISFJ

The combination of letters
you have arrived at is your
Personality Type.
The grid below indicates approximately how
the UK population can be categorised
according to type.

ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
13.7% 12.7% 1.7% 1.4%
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
6.4% 6.1% 3.2% 2.4%
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
5.8% 8.7% 6.3% 2.8%
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
10.4% 12.6% 2.8% 2.9%


THE SIXTEEN TYPES
Below is some basic information about different personality types. After
each description there is a selection of jobs which may match.

Further on in this book there is space for you to reflect on this information
and how well you feel it matches you.
This section contains a brief overview of the sixteen types from the model
proposed by Myers and Briggs. Everyone is an individual, but the model
highlights general themes or similarities between people. Reading this
section may help you to consolidate your understanding of the
preferences, and help identify your own personality type.
ESTJ
ESTJs take their energy from the outside world of actions and spoken
words. They prefer dealing with facts, things that are happening in the
present and making decisions based on logic. Their lives are organised on
a practical basis and they like to implement tried and trusted solutions to
problems in a business-like and impersonal manner. They prefer to
ensure that the details have been taken care of, rather than spend time
considering concepts and strategies.

TYPE Persuasive/Influencing Technical Other

ESTJ Sales Work Engineering Dentist
Military Service Computer Analyst Stockbroker
Teaching (technical) Farming/Horticultu Clerical/Administrative
Security Work re & Managerial work
Police Construction associated with
Probation Service Trade budgets, finance, stock
Environmental Health Technical/Trade control, credit analysis
Trading Standards Trainer & related occupations
Funeral Director Medical Technician
Audio/Visual
Technician
Haulage/Transport
Supervisor

INFP
INFPs take their energy from the inner world of thoughts and emotions.
They prefer dealing with patterns and possibilities and prefer to make
decisions on the basis of their personal values. INFP’s lives are flexible
and follow new insights and possibilities as they arise. INFP’s are quiet
and adaptable. However, when their values are violated they can surprise
people with their assertive stance. They are interested in new ideas, and
may sometimes make very creative contributions. They will often strive
toward the personal growth of self and others and prefer to undertake
work that has a meaningful purpose.


TYPE Creative/ Human Service Health Care Business
Arts Related

INFP Artist Social Work Dietician Jobs in personnel
Writer Librarian Physiotherapy or HR related
Journalist Teaching Occupational- areas mainly.
Entertainer Psychologist Therapy
Architect Counselling Alternative or
Acting Researcher Complementary
Editor Legal Work Health Workers
Musician Clergy/Religious

ESFP
ESFPs take their energy from the outside world of actions and spoken
words. They prefer dealing with facts, which they usually take at face
value. They also prefer dealing with the present and with people, and
derive much enjoyment out of friendships. ESFP life-style is flexible, and
they live very much in the present and respond to things as they arise.
They are impulsive and friendly, seeking enjoyment out of life, and make
new friends easily. They like taking part in solving urgent problems and
trouble shooting. They operate best in practical situations involving
people.

TYPE Social & Health Leisure Related Business/Service
Related


ESFP Teaching Travel Agent/Tour Fund-raiser
Childcare Operator/Guide Public Relations
Sports Coach Photographer HR/Personnel
Social Work /Care Film Production Receptionist
Worker Musician Retail Sales/Management
Dependency Promotions Estate Agent
Counsellor Events Manager Secretarial
Educational Waitress/Waiter
Psychology Flight Attendant
Nurse Floristry
Occupational Therapy Hotel/Catering
Other remedial
therapies
Dietician
Animal/Veterinary
Care

INTJ
INTJs take their energy from the inner world of thoughts and emotions.
They prefer dealing with patterns and possibilities for the future, and
make decisions by an impersonal analysis of situations. Their lives are
organised on a logical basis and they are strategists who can identify long
term goals and organise life to meet these. They tend to be sceptical and
critical, both of self and others, and possess a keen sense of deficiencies
in matters relating to quality and competence. They often have strong
intellects, yet are able to attend to details that are relevant to strategy.

TYPE Business Related Technical Other

INTJ Telecom Security Computer Systems Analyst Teaching
Computer Info. Electrical/Electronics Psychologist
Services Engineering Psychiatry
Economist Design Engineering Medicine
Banking Computer Programmer News Analyst
Research & Environmental Technician Educational
Development IT Systems or Network Psychologists
Financial Planning Technician
Management
Consultant Civil Engineer
Strategic Planning
Project Manager


ESFJ
ESFJs take their energy from the outer world of actions and spoken words.
They also prefer dealing with facts, and making decisions on the basis of
personal values. They like dealing with people, and organise life on a
personal basis. They are generally warm people who seek to maintain
harmonious relationships with colleagues and friends, who are an
important part of their lives. They have a strong sense of duty and
loyalty, and are driven by a need to belong and be of service to others.
However, they can find conflict and criticism very difficult to handle and
can be defensive when criticised.

TYPE Health & Social Clerical Persuasive/Influencing
Welfare

ESFJ Nursing Office Manager Telesales
Medical Reception Retail Work
Optician Insurance Sales Rep.
Pharmacy Building Society Public Relations
Social Worker or Care Work Credit Counsellor
Asst. Secretarial Flight Attendant
Teacher Book-keeper Hairdressing
Home Economist Data Input Hotel/Catering
Animal/Veterinary Call Centre Work Fund-raising
Work Travel Agent
Counsellor Estate Agent
Religion/Ministry
Community Work
Youth Work

INTP
INTPs take their energy from the inner world of thoughts and emotions.
They prefer dealing with patterns and possibilities and making decisions
from a logical basis. INTP life is flexible, follows new insights and
possibilities as they arise. They are quiet and detached, and adaptable-
up to a point: sometimes they stop adapting and take a stand when there
is a clear principle at stake. They are not interested in routine and will
often experiment or change things to see if they can be improved. They
operate at best when solving complex problems that require the
application of intellect.


TYPE Planning & Health Other
Development Care/Technical

INTP Computer Software Design Any work at the more Photography
Computer Programming complex edge of Information or
Strategic Planner medical or veterinary Communications
New Market or Product care at technician or Graphics
Development professional level, Writer
Info. Services including research. Musician
Development The rapidly growing Creative Agents
Change Management areas of neurology, or Directors
Consultant plastic surgery,
Financial Planning biotechnology &
Systems Analyst pharmaceutical
New Business research are often of
Development interest to INTP types

ENFP
ENFPs take their energy from the outer world of actions and spoken
words. They prefer dealing with patterns and possibilities, particularly
involving other people and they make decisions on the basis of personal
values. Their lives are flexible and they follow new insights and
possibilities as they arise. They can be creative and insightful, often
seeking to try new ideas that can be of benefit to others. They may
sometimes neglect details and planning, but enjoy work that involves
experimentation and variety and working towards general, rather than
specific goals.

TYPE Creative Health & Social Business

ENFP Journalism Teaching (Special Ed.) Self-employment &
Screen & Bi-Lingual Teaching freelance Work
Playwright Early Years Teaching Sales Work
Acting Education Psychology Events Manager
Musician Social Work Hotel & Catering
Interior Nursery Nursing HR Development:
Design Housing Work Public Relations
Artist Careers & Personal Advisor Legal Careers
Counselling Advertising
Complementary Medicine
All Paramedical Professions
(e.g. nursing & health
therapy professions)


ISTJ

ISTJs take their energy from the inner world of thoughts and emotions.
They prefer dealing with facts and making decisions after considering the
various options. They organise their lives on a logical basis and are quiet,
serious and well prepared for most eventualities. They are keen
observers of life and can develop a good understanding of situations but
may not often express this understanding publicly. They have a strong
sense of what needs to be done via practical objectives and work
efficiently to meet these.

TYPE Business Health/Social Technical

ISTJ Office Manager Nursing Electrical/Electronic or
Accounts Work Medicine Mechanical Engineer
Purchasing & Supply Veterinary/ Mechanic
Work Animal Care Technical Writer
Insurance Dentistry Computer Programmer
Underwriting & other Pharmacy Geologist
risk analysis Meteorology
Local Government Laboratory Technician
Civil Service Aviation careers, including
Tax Office Air Traffic Control
Stock Market All technical work that
Analysis demands accuracy and
Planning Officer carefully following
Investment necessary procedures &
Securities Work systems
Librarian

ESTP
ESTPs take their energy from the outer world of actions and spoken
words. They prefer dealing with facts, which they usually view objectively
and they make decisions from a logical basis. ESTP lives are flexible and
can consist of a series of activities that interest them. They are problem
solvers, and prefer to work with and to resolve practical organisational
issues. They can be impulsive and enjoy taking part in trouble-shooting
tasks. However, they can sometimes neglect routine detailed tasks, but
will work best when there is a lot going on that needs organising and
solving.


TYPE Active/Persuasive Technical Business Related &
Other

ESTP Police Building Trade Land Development/Town
Fire Service Chef/Cook Planning
Ambulance Service Electrical Engineer Wholesale & Transport
Aviation (pilot) Technical Trainer Trades
Insurance Civil Engineering Car Sales
Investigator Surveyor Sales Representative
Prison Service Mechanic (motor Stockbroker
Estates vehicle or aircraft) Insurance Sales
Agent/Manager Telecom/Cable Auditor
Physiotherapy Installer or News Reporter/Journalist
Sports Coach/Gym Technician Tour Agent
Instructor IT or Office Machine Dancer
Customs & Excise Technician Bar Work
Trading Standards & Other Auctioneer
active/technical
trades.

INFJ
INFJs take their energy from the inner world of thoughts and emotions.
They prefer dealing with patterns and possibilities, particularly for others
and make decisions by tapping into their personal values. Their lives are
organised on a personal basis and they have a private sense of purpose
and work steadily to fulfil goals. They are insightful into motives behind
behaviour, demonstrate quiet concern for others and are interested in
helping them to develop and grow.

TYPE Creative Health & Social Care Business

INFJ Artist Health Administrator Marketing
Playwright Mediation/Conflict Organisational
Novelist/Poet/ Resolution/Arbitration Development
Writer Social Researcher Consultant
Designer Counsellor Job Analyst
Editor Dietician Personnel/HR
Genealogist Speech & Hearing Buyer
Information- Therapist Legal Careers
graphics Massage Therapy Language Related, inc.
Architecture Occupational Therapy Interpreter

ENFJ
ENFJs take their energy from the outer world of actions and spoken
words. They prefer dealing with patterns and possibilities, particularly for
people, and make decisions based on personal values. Their lives are
organised on a personal basis and they seek to develop and maintain
stable relationships with people they like. They are often actively
concerned with promoting personal growth in others. They are highly
sociable, and expressive of feelings towards others, but can find conflict
and criticism difficult, particularly if it might damage long term
relationships.


TYPE Communication Advising- Health Business
Teaching Related Related

ENFJ Advertising Counsellor Complementary Personnel/HR
Public Relations Psychologist Medicine Sales Trainer
Writer/Journalist/ Clergy Dietician Recruitment
Editor Interpreter Speech Consultant
Entertainer/Artist Personal- Therapist Travel Industry
Fund-raiser Advisor Occupational Small Business-
Media Learning- Therapist Development
Politics Mentor Training Officer
Information- Teaching Management
graphics Library Work Consultant
designer Social Work

ISTP
ISTPs take energy from the inner world of thoughts and emotions. They
prefer dealing with facts and making decisions based on logic. Their lives
are flexible and they demonstrate an interest in acquiring new information
that leads to greater practical understanding of the way the world works.
They are quiet and detached and generally adaptable. They can be good
at solving organisational problems and are curious about how and why
things work. However, they can seem impulsive and produce surprising
ideas or do unpredictable things on occasions.

TYPE Active/Persuasive Technical Business Related &
Other

ISTP Police Service IT & Office Office Manager
Prison Service Equipment Service & Legal Secretary
Driver/Driving Repair Purchasing & Supply
Military Service Farming/Horticulture Banking
Gamekeeper Civil Engineering Economist
Fire Service Sea Trades
Surveyor IT/Telecom/Cable
Private Investigations trades
Customs & Excise Commercial Artist
Environmental Health Physiotherapy
Paramedical/ Emergency Medical
Ambulance Service Technician
Other physical/active
trades.


ENTJ
ENTJs take their energy from the outer world of actions and spoken
words. They prefer dealing with patterns and possibilities and make
decisions after considering the consequences of various courses of action.
Their lives are organised on a logical basis and they tend to control life by
organising systems and people to meet task oriented goals. They often
enjoy taking on the role of executive or director, using a business-like and
impersonal approach to solving problems. They may appear intolerant of
people who do not set high standards for themselves or don't work to high
standards.

TYPE Administrative Finance Consulting Other

ENTJ General- Personal Business or Legal-
Management Finance Adviser Management Professional
Administrator Economic Consultant Science or
Personnel- Analyst Education Social Science
Manager Mortgage -Adviser or Teaching or
Sales Manager Broker Consultant Research
Network Credit Computer – Chemical-
-Specialist (e.g. Investigator Programmer Engineer
IT & telecom) Stockbroker Training Officer
Technical Trainer Investments IT & Telecom
Information- Analyst Security Adviser
Services Banking
Buyer
Advertising-
Account Manager

ISFP
ISFPs take their energy from the inner world of thoughts and emotions.
They prefer dealing with facts and make decisions on the basis of personal
values. They are generally adaptable, quiet and friendly. They are
interested in people and enjoy their company, but preferably on an
individual basis or in small numbers. They take a caring and sensitive
approach to helping others. They live for and enjoy the present, and tend
to dislike confrontation and conflict. They usually act as very supportive
members of any team.


TYPE Craft/Technical Sales/Service/ Business
Health
ISFP Fashion Design Teaching Bookkeeper
Carpenter Telephone Counsellor Legal Secretary
Jewellery Design Storekeeping Clerical/Office Supervisor
Potter Cleaning Services Civil Service
Painter Food Service Local Govt. Admin.
Interior/Landscape Beautician Other clerical/admin.
Design Travel Sales Responsibilities as part of a
Chef Counsellor team in a secure work
Gardener Social Work/Care environment
Dancer Asst.
Surveyor Health Visitor
Forester/Horticulture Art Therapist
Computer Operator Physiotherapist
Mechanic Occupational
Therapist
Medical Technician
Animal Care

ENTP
ENTPs take their energy from the outer world of actions and spoken
words. They prefer dealing with patterns and possibilities and making
decisions on a logical basis. They are adaptable and tend to focus on new
ideas and interests as and when they arise, particularly if they involve
increasing their competencies or skills. They can be ingenious problem
solvers, constantly trying out new ideas, and seem to enjoy a good
argument. They are interested in instigating change and operate best in
overcoming new difficulties, particularly where the solution requires the
application of creative ideas and effort.

TYPE Marketing/Creative Other Business Related Other

ENTP Advertising Creative New Business Development Photographer
Work Self-employment (all forms Journalist
Public Relations of) Hotel & Catering
Market Research Strategic Planning Acting
Leisure Management Systems Development Technical Trainer
Media Communications Estates
Media Producer Agency/Management
Art Director Project Management
Marketing Computer Analyst
Information Services Industrial Design Manager
Financial Planning/Adviser
Management Consultant
Literary & Other Agency
Work


ISFJ
ISFJs take their energy from the inner world of thoughts and emotions.
They prefer dealing with facts and directly with people and make decisions
on the basis of their personal values. They are quiet, serious observers of
people and are both conscientious and loyal. They prefer work that
involves being of practical service to others. They are often concerned
for, and perceptive of, how other people feel and dislike confrontation and
conflict.

TYPE Social Service Health Care Business & Other

ISFJ Early Years Teacher Dental Work Secretarial
Librarian/Archivist Nursing Office Manager or
Museums Work Physiotherapist Supervisor
Social Work Optician Customer Services
Personal Occupational Therapist Bookkeeper
Adviser/Careers Medical Technician Credit Counsellor
Guidance Medicine Legal Work
Probation Officer Health Admin. Estates Agent
Counselling Animal/Veterinary Interior Decorator
Work Electrician
Speech Therapy Retail Work
Artist
Musician
Hotel & Catering
Work requiring attention
to detail and accuracy
and adherence to
standard procedures and
codes

Sources:

Tieger, P.D. & Barron-Tieger, B. (1995) ‘Do What You Are: Discover the
Perfect Career for You Through the Secrets of Personality Type’ (second
edition), New York: Little, Brown and Company.
Personality Pathways (2005) ‘personality Pathways’,
www.personalitypathways.com/type_inventory.html (accessed
25/05/2006)

It is important to understand that you have been presented with a
summary only of the Myers and Briggs theory. For more detailed study,
you are advised to visit the Myers & Briggs Foundation website for more
information and for a recommended reading list:
http://www.myersbriggs.org/


Outcomes

How do you feel about What else could have Were there any
the description given been added to the careers suggested
earlier against your description to make it that appeal to you? If
‘type’? more representative of so, which ones and
your personality? why?

I feel it is reasonably Flexible to deal with Electrician because I have
accurate different situation been involved in the
construction work

Office Manager or
Supervisor, I would like to
be in a managerial role


SECTION 3: YOUR WORK VALUES (20 minute exercise)

Closely linked to personality is the influence of career values on career
choice and development.

Career values concern motivations and what intrinsic (internal) and
extrinsic (external) value is obtained from work. These might include, for
example, opportunities to help others for the satisfaction this might give;
the challenge presented by sales work; the relative security offered by
one employer against another; or the self-expression opportunities of
crafts, art or design.

A consideration of values about work can help answer questions such as:
Who am I? What is important for me in life? What do I want from work?
There are two work motives exercises in this section. The first starts
immediately below.

WORK MOTIVES (1)

Below is a list of motives people often give for work.

First, pick out up to eight motives for work that really attract you at this
point in your life.

• Freedom to work in a way that suits me
• Good promotion prospects
• Chance to be creative – using my own ideas
• Being of help or service to other people
• Finding work that doesn’t dominate all my life
• Becoming an expert in a chosen field of work
• Having a high standard of living
• Having responsibility for decision making
• Avoiding work that involves too many rules and constraints
• Finding work that involves a steady pace of work
• Running my own business
• Contributing something useful to the community
• Working in a flexible way, e.g. flexible hours or at home


• Solving complex problems
• Having a highly paid job
• Influencing, supervising or leading other people
• Being able to define my own tasks and do the work my way
• Long term security
• Producing things or ideas that people associate with me
• Work that makes a real difference to other people’s lives
• Staying in one place – not being moved around to different places
• Work that challenges and stretches me intellectually
• Having a respected social position in the community
• Being responsible for finances or resources in an organisation
• Being able to pursue a career on my terms
• Working for a well-known and well-regarded company
• To be regarded by others as an entrepreneur
• Making a difference in the world
• Work that minimises interference with my personal or family life

Now rank the motives you ticked in the grid below, with the motive of
most significance to you at the top.

Ranking Motive
1. Finding work that doesn’t dominate all my life
2. Long term security

3. Having a high standard of living
4. Having a highly paid job
5. Work that minimises interference with my personal or family life
6. running my own business
7. Having a respected social position in the community

8. Freedom to work in a way that suits me

Look again at the list you selected. Are there things in common among
the motives that you selected?


Try and summarise the common elements in the motives that you
selected. Write in the space below.

The common elements are that I have a good standard of living and that the
money in the job isn’t the most important thing the most important thing is
to have a balance of work and free time.

What about the work motives you didn’t pick? What motives did you
completely disregard, and why?

I disregarded working for a well known company because I would like to be
self employed

WORK MOTIVES (2)


The second work motives exercise builds on the first. It asks you to make
choices – often quite difficult choices - between pairs of work motives.

Below are listed 36 pairs of reasons often given by people when asked
what it is they seek and need from a career.

 You have 3 points to award - no more, no less - for each pair of
questions.

You must decide on the distribution of these 3 points between each pair of
questions e.g.

A = 3 points B = 0 points
or A = 2 points B = 1 point
or A = 1 point B = 2 points
or A = 0 points B = 3 points

 There are no right or wrong answers - your distribution of the 3 points
for each pair depends on your own personal preference, so be honest!

 Work quickly and instinctively through the exercise.

 Don’t forget - you can only allocate a total of 3 points for each pair
of questions. Write the numbers in the squares next to the questions.

1. a.  I will only be satisfied with an unusually high standard of
living. 1
b.  I wish to have significant managerial influence over other
people at work. 2

Reminder: The total for each pair of questions should be no more
than 3 points

2. c.  I will only feel satisfied if the output from my job has real
value in itself. 2
d  I want to be an expert in the things I do. 1

3. e.  I want to use my creative abilities in my work. 1

f.  It is especially important to me that I work with people
whom I like. 2

4. g.  I would obtain particular satisfaction by being able to freely
choose what I do and how I do it at work. 1


h.  I want to make quite sure that I will be financially secure. 2

5. i.  I would enjoy feeling that people look up to me in work. 2

a.  Not to put too fine a point on it, I want to be wealthy. 1

6. b.  I want a substantial leadership role at work. 1
c.  I would want to do work which is meaningful to me, even
though it may not gain tangible rewards. 2

7. d.  I want to feel that I have gained a hard-won expertise. 2

e.  I want to create things which people associate with me
alone. 1

8. f.  I seek deep social relationships with other people in work. 2

g.  I would get great satisfaction from deciding how I spend
my time at work. 1

9. a.  It is important that I gain the means to buy ample material
possessions from my work. 1
d.  I want to demonstrate to my own satisfaction that I really
know my discipline or field of expertise. 2

10. c.  My work will be an important part of my search for purpose
in life. 1
e.  I want the things that I produce to bear my name. 2

11. a.  I seek to be able to afford anything I want. 1

h.  A job with long-term security really appeals to me. 2

12. b.  I seek a role that gives me managerial influence
over others. 1
d.  I would enjoy being a specialist in my field. 2

13. c.  It is important to me that my work makes a positive
contribution to the wider community. 1
f.  Close relationships with other people at work are important
to me. 2

14. e.  I want my personal creativity to be extensively used. 1


g.  I would prefer to be my own manager at work. 2

15. f.  Close relationships with other people at work would give me
special satisfaction. 1

h.  I want to look ahead in my life and feel confident that I will
always be OK, that is, secure. 2

16. a.  I want to be able to spend money easily without worrying 2

e.  I want to be genuinely innovative in my work. 1

17. b.  Frankly, I want to tell other people what to do. 1

f.  For me being close to others is really the important thing. 2

18. c.  I look upon a career as part of a search for greater purpose
and meaning in life. 1
g.  I want to take full responsibility for my own decisions. 2

19. d.  I would enjoy a reputation as a real specialist. 1

h.  I would only feel relaxed if I were in a secure career. 2

20. a.  I desire all the benefits of wealth. 1

f.  I want to get to know new people through my work. 2

21. b.  I would like to play roles that gave me control over how
others performed at work. 1
g.  It is important that I can choose for myself the tasks that I
undertake. 2
22. c.  I would devote myself to work if I believed that the output
would be worthwhile in itself. 1
h.  I would take great comfort from knowing how I will stand
on my retirement day – that it is safe! 2

23. f.  Close relationships with people at work would make it
difficult for me to make a career move. 1


i.  Being recognised as part of the top management of an
organisation is an important goal for me. 2

24. b.  I would enjoy being in charge of people and resources. 1

e.  I want to create things that no one else has done before. 2

25. c.  At the end of the day, I would want to do what I believe is
important, not that which simply promotes my career. 2
i.  I seek public recognition from my work. 1

26. e.  I want to do something distinctively different from others. 1

h.  I usually take the safe option. 2

27. b.  I want other people to look to me for leadership. 2

i.  Social status is an important motivator for me. 1

28. a.  A high standard of living attracts me. 2

g.  I wish to avoid being tightly controlled by a boss at work. 1

29. e.  I want my products to have my own name on them. 1

i.  I seek formal recognition by others of my achievements. 2

30. b.  I like to be the man or woman who leads in most situations.
1
h.  I feel concerned when I cannot see a long way ahead in my
career. 2

31. d.  I would enjoy being a person who had valuable specialist
knowledge. 1
g.  I would get satisfaction from not having to answer to other
people. 2

32. g.  I would dislike being a small cog in a large wheel. 1

i.  It would give me satisfaction to have a high-status job. 2

33. a.  I am prepared to do most things at work for material
reward. 1


c.  I see work as a means of enriching my personal
development. 2

34. i.  I want to have a prestigious position in any organisation for
which I work. 1
h.  A secure future attracts me every time. 2

35. f.  When I have congenial social relationships nothing else
really matters.1
d.  Being able to make an expert contribution would give me
particular satisfaction. 2

36. i.  I would enjoy the status symbols that come with senior
positions. 2
d.  I aspire to achieve a high level of specialist competence. 1

Go to the next page to score this exercise.

SCORING THE CAREER MOTIVES SURVEY


To score the survey, add up all the points that you have given in each of
the A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I items. Write the totals in the boxes below
and check that the grand total is 108.

A B C D E F G H I

++++++++ = 108
Now rank your scores, with the letter with the highest score at the top.

Highest Score =  10
 10
 12
 12
 10
 13
 12
 16
 13


WHAT THE SCORES MEAN

Item Meaning

A Material Rewards:
seeking possessions, wealth, and a high standard of
living.

B Power/Influence:
seeking to be in control of people and resources.

C Search for Meaning:
seeking to do things which are believed to be valuable
for their own sake.

D Expertise:
seeking to gain a high level of accomplishment in a
specialised field.

E. Creativity:
seeking to innovate and be identified with original and
different output.

F. Affiliation/Social Relationships:
seeking harmonious and rewarding relationships with
others at work.

G. Autonomy/Independence:
seeking to be independent and able to make key
decisions for yourself.

H. Security:
wanting a relatively safe and predictable future.

I. Status: seeking to be recognised, admired and
respected by others through your work.

A more detailed explanation of each score now follows:

A. Material Rewards: seeking possessions, wealth, and a high
standard of living.

Material rewards are defined as tangible assets, including money,
possessions, quality of housing, and other material possessions.

We all need a reasonable level of income. However, people with material
rewards as a key motive will take decisions about future work life


primarily to enhance their material well-being. They seek roles that
provide a high income, and they take on tasks which may be unfulfilling or
uncongenial but which provide a high income or other material rewards.
For example, they may move house or even emigrate for material
advantage.

The key concern is wealth.

B. Power/Influence: seeking to be in control of people and
resources.

Power/influence is defined as wanting to be dominant and to have others
behave in subordinate roles; also connected is a need to take decisions
about policy and how resources are expended.

People who have power/influence as a career motive take decisions
primarily to increase the extent of their personal control over people and
situations. They attempt to move towards the centre of organisations and
gain formal and informal power. They get satisfaction from deciding what
should be done and who should do it, and they are often uncomfortable in
subordinate roles.

People with power/influence as a key driver will gravitate towards
managerial or political roles. They are proactive, they use personal power,
and they have high self-confidence and clear ideas about what should be
done. They are concerned with making a personal impact.

The key concern is control.

C. Search for Meaning: seeking to do things which you believe to
be valuable for their own sake.

Search for meaning is defined as being motivated to act in a way that
contributes to something bigger, finer or greater than the individual,
according to religious, emotional, moral, social or intellectual criteria.

People with the search for meaning as a career motive will take decisions
that tap into their personal beliefs and values. This may take the form of
helping others rather than helping themselves. Personal fulfilment is the
ultimate payoff, and they may make considerable sacrifices in order to
follow their inner beliefs.

The key concern is contribution.


D. Expertise: seeking to gain a high level of accomplishment in
a specialised field.

Expertise is defined as specialist knowledge, skills, competence and
capacity to perform unusual, difficult or specialised activities.

People with expertise as a career motive work hard to gain a depth of
competence in limited but specified fields and will strive to maintain their
specialist capability. They dislike going outside their defined area. One of
their primary sources of satisfaction is being valued as an expert. The
expertise may be mechanical, managerial, intellectual, scientific or
practical in orientation.

People driven by this motive structure their working lives around a defined
discipline. The context and challenge of the work determines their
behaviour. Since most disciplines are continuously developing, the
specialist keeps up to date with journals, conferences, study programmes
and so on.

The key concern is knowledge.

E. Creativity: seeking to innovate and be identified with original
and different output.

Creativity in this context is defined as devising something new which
bears the name of the originator. This may be a work of science, art,
literature, research, architecture, an entrepreneurial activity or within the
entertainment or media industries.

People with creativity as a primary career motive do things differently and
want their name closely associated with the outcomes of their work.

People driven by creativity derive satisfaction from doing new things; a
feeling of accomplishment in producing something novel is key to this
motive. People with this driver are willing to take decisions that may
result in material disadvantage if it means they can work in creative ways.

They often prefer a solitary or small team environment to large
bureaucratic systems.

The key concern is originality.


F. Affiliation/Social Relationships: seeking harmonious and
rewarding relationships with others at work.

Affiliation is defined as striving to be close to others, enjoying bonds of
friendship and being enriched by human relationships.

People who have affiliation as a leading career motive often take
initiatives to develop deep and fulfilling relationships with others they
work with, or for. These bonds become extremely important to them.
They put their feelings for others above self and self-glory and preserve
continuity in relationships important to them. They may even continue
with unsatisfactory or unfulfilling jobs because of the quality of their
relationships with others. Their commitment is to people, not to task,
position or organisational goals.

The key concern is closeness.

G. Autonomy/Independence: seeking to be independent and able
to make key decisions for yourself.

Autonomy is defined as taking personal responsibility for the structure,
processes and objectives of daily life, particularly work.

People with autonomy as a career motive act to increase the amount of
control they have over their own working lives.

The desire for independence is therefore very influential in autonomy-
driven individuals. They do not like to be too closely directed by others.
They often experience the procedures, systems, conventions and
protocols of others as irritants. Restrictions can evoke resentment and
irritation and their response is to create environments where this
individual sets his or her own rules. Sometimes such people can function
happily in organisations where they can negotiate a good deal of
psychological space for themselves or can work in a small, non-
hierarchical team. This type of person is likely to sacrifice organisational
position for self-direction.

The key concern is choice.

No go to the next page.


H. Security: wanting a relatively safe and predictable future.

Security is defined as wanting to know the future and to avoid being
exposed to unpredictable risks.

People with security as a career motive often take decisions that help
them to feel more relaxed about their future. Their primary goal is high
predictability at work, rather than high income. They see life as a journey
to be undertaken by the safest routes with the best maps and guides
available.

This type of person chooses employers after careful consideration of their
stability and record of looking after employees. They may associate
security with membership of blue chip companies or institutions. They
make career choices with the future in mind. If a promotion opportunity
substantially increases doubt about the future, they may well reject it.

People driven by security accept what the world has to offer rather than
taking a radical stance; they avoid conflict situations that could jeopardise
a secure position. Until recently security was seen to be related to job
tenure and long service, but this is no longer the case. The security-driven
person may well move from organisation to organisation in order to build
breadth of experience, which results in increased personal marketability
and ‘security’ in a rapidly changing labour market.

The key concern is assurance.

I. Status: seeking to be recognised admired and respected by
others through your work.

Status is defined as wanting the esteem of others and to be highly
regarded for their work. People with status as a career motive take
whatever action is needed in order to enhance their prestige. This
includes making personal contacts with influential people, taking
responsible assignments and seeking opportunities to publicise their work.
They may seek positions of power and authority, but their desire is for the
prestige of the position, rather than the exercise of control over others.

This person is motivated by a desire to leave an impression on others and
to be recognised as someone worthy, special or talented.


The key concern is position.

CAREER MOTIVES EXERCISE (2) – HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT THE
RESULT?

Please write your response to the result of the Career Motives (2) exercise
in the space below, e.g. whether you agree generally, disagree, partially
agree/disagree with the summaries presented to you - and why.

I feel that that it is quite accurate where I do want to have security in my
job because I do want to know that I will have a secure future.
I feel that social relationships are important in the work place as well
because it is a lot harder to work if you done get on with the people you
are working with.


SECTION 4: PULLING THE TRENDS TOGETHER

The exercises in this workbook have been designed or added to give you a
clearer sense of your personality and work values. It has not included any
specific career suggestions, as the aim is to give you a broad sense of
what type of work generally might (or might not) suit you. In this last
section of the workbook we pull the results of the exercises together to
clarify the patterns and trends in your personality and values.

First, summarise the points emerging from exercises in sections 2, 3 & 4
in the circles below.

Work Motives 1
I found that I feel the most
Myers-Briggs Exercise
important this is to have a job that
ISFJ- quite loyal and like to work
doesn’t take over my life and job
in a practical service
security are more important than
money

Work Motives 2
I found that security, social
relationships and status are
important to me.

continued...


Second, now try to relate your own perceptions of yourself (from section
1) with the results of the other exercises.

What connections or patterns do you detect? For example the exercises
might point to a strong need for recognition or status from your work.

I feel that I am quite shy with new people but do feel social relationships are
important. I am loyal and like to now that I will have job security because I
feel it is important to be able to have a bit of a plan for the future.

Without trying to put an identifying occupational label on to future work
for you, e.g. ‘social worker’, what broad types of work do you think:

might suit you would not suit you at all!
Being practical such as a personal Working at a desk all day like an
trainer or being a manager of a assistant
gym

You may want to discuss the results of this workbook with a Careers
Adviser. You may also want to tackle other workbooks in the ‘Futures’
series, particularly workbook Assessing Your Skills


Other Topics in the Series

There are several topics in the Series of Futures workbooks looking at
self-assessment, job selection methods and effective communication with
employers. They are available to download from
www.leedsmet.ac.uk/careers/siteindex

Assessing
Your
Skills
Other Your
Selection Personality
Methods and values

Decision
Making and
Graduate
Problem
Interviews Skills
Solving

CV’s and
Job
Letters to
Search
Employers

Work
Experience


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