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Ebolavirus
1. Ebolavirus
By
Cyrus E. Kuschner and Nate Chumley
2. Pathogen
Filoviridae family
Structure
Threadlike Bacteria
80nm in diameter
Contains a lipid bilayer which
projects spikes (7-10 nm) from
its surface
Allows the attachment to
host cell
RNA is contained within the
bilayer
288 Amino Acids long
3. Pathogenesis
Targets Endothelial cells, Mononuclear Phagocytes, and
Hepatocytes
After a cell is infected, the host secretes the Ebola virus
glycoprotein (GP)
GP binds to other endothelial cells
sGP creates a dimer which interferes with White blood
cell signals
Cell budding causes a release of Cytokines
Causes Fever and inflammation
Degeneration of Endothelial cells results in a loss of
vascular integrity.
Causes coagulopathy
4. Symptoms
1-6 Days
Fever
Muscle Pain
Inflammation of the
Pharynx
After 6 Days
Vomiting
Bloody Diarrhea
Maculopapular Rashes
Bleeding from Bodily
Orifices
Dissolution of Skin
7. Diagnosis
Since early symptoms are similar to other diseases Ebola is
often mistaken for Malaria, Typhoid Fever, or Influenza
Saliva and Urine samples can be used to diagnosis Ebola
by using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay tests
(ELISA)
In ELISA antibodies are applied to the antigen allowing
them to bind.
A substance is added so that the tester can see which
antibodies have bound to the antigen.
8. Transmission
-Ebola is transmitted through bodily fluids (Saliva, vomit, semen,
blood, etc.)
-Bat populations are Ebola's reservoir: the bats drop partially
eaten fruit and mammals (Most commonly gorillas) eat the fruit
and become infected.
-In most cases, outbreaks have occurred when humans have
come in contact with living/dead gorillas infected with ebola
-Humans can definitely transmit the disease to one another
through bodily fluids.
9. Epidemiology
-The virus is named after the Ebola River Valley in the Congo
-The first outbreak was in 1976, where it had a 90% fatality rate
-It has appeared in the Congo several times since then
-Ebola was contained to Africa, until the 1989 outbreak in
Reston, Virginia
-Monkeys that had the Ebola virus where transported to
Virginia, however the virus was non-pathogenic to humans
-This outbreak made Ebola virus known around the world.
-There are several different Ebola viruses, each with different
fatality rates: Zaire virus (90%), Sudan Ebolavirus (50-60%),
Reston (0%, in humans), Cote d'Ivorie Ebolavirus (0%, only one
person contracted it and she did not die), Bundibugyo
Ebolavirus (24.83%).
10. In-Class Discussion
It is now 1976, the first known outbreak of Ebola has been
diagnosed in the Ebola River Valley. You are among the first
doctors sent into the Congo to help treat the epidemic. When
you arrive you notice that all of the village gathers to bury each
victim individually. What would you change? Why? What
measures would you take to stop the spread of the
disease? How would you treat the patients who already have
Ebola?
11. Treatment & Prevention
-At first Ebola virus is not -Vaccines have been created
easily diagnosed and to treat non-human carriers
symptoms are general such as monkeys
-However as the virus -Studies have begun on
progresses the symptoms humans
become severe, and the host
can easily pass Ebola on to
others, therefore patients
must be contained in
quarantines
-There are no cures for
Ebola, however, patients can
survive the disease with
proper nutrition and hydration
12. Current & Future
-Since Ebola has high
infectiousness and infectivity
rate many people have
believed that it could be used
as a biological weapon
-It is classified as a biosafety
level 4 agent, as well as
category A bioterrorism agent
by the CDC
-The effectiveness is
compromised by its rapid
lethality, since patients die off
before they can pass it on
13. Ebola Virus Video
(Disregard the German)
-Take a look at what goes into quarantining the patients and
what symptomal criteria they have to meet to go into the ward.
