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Installing grub on virtual hard disks,[object Object],Sukhvinder Singh,[object Object],http://www.linkedin.com/in/s0001,[object Object],sukh.chauhan@gmail.com,[object Object],30 Aug 2010,[object Object]
Steps,[object Object],This presentation demonstrates the process to create a new Qemu usable virtual disk capable of self boot using the popular Grub boot loader. Grub in turn can boot other kernels placed on the disk file system. The steps are applicable only for a GNU/Linux System. All tools used are readily available on all popular linuxdistros in use. To demonstrate we’ll take ubuntu-desktop as the reference test platform.,[object Object]
Create a disk image,[object Object],Create a disk image. You may create a file named disk.img, containing 40320 blocks ( a block has a standard size of 512 bytes). This results in a disk image of size 20643840 bytes ( = 21 MB). The size used is only for demonstration purposes. You may use a different size based on your requirement.,[object Object],40320 blocks,[object Object],x,[object Object],512 bytes/block,[object Object],=,[object Object],20643840 bytes,[object Object],(21 MB) ,[object Object],$ dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img count=40320,[object Object],40320+0 records in,[object Object],40320+0 records out,[object Object],20643840 bytes (21 MB) copied, 0.175132 s, 118 MB/s,[object Object]
Create a partition on the disk image,[object Object],Expert command (m for help): m,[object Object],Command action,[object Object],   b   move beginning of data in a partition,[object Object],   c   change number of cylinders (=40),[object Object],   d   print the raw data in the partition table,[object Object],   e   list extended partitions,[object Object],   f   fix partition order,[object Object],   g   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table,[object Object],   h   change number of heads (=16),[object Object],i   change the disk identifier,[object Object],   m   print this menu,[object Object],   p   print the partition table,[object Object],   q   quit without saving changes,[object Object],   r   return to main menu,[object Object],   s   change number of sectors/track (=63),[object Object],   v   verify the partition table,[object Object],   w   write table to disk and exit,[object Object],Use fdisk to create a partition on the disk image.,[object Object],Set CHS (Cylinder-Head-Sectors) geometry of the disk,[object Object],Create a primary partition,[object Object],Set the OS identifier for the partition to 83 (Linux),[object Object],Calculate CHS:,[object Object],The number of sectors in a cylinder is fixed to 63 ( a popular constant ),  S = 63,[object Object],Taking heads to an arbitrary value of 16, H=16 (another popular constant),[object Object],C * H * S = Number of blocks =  40320 ,[object Object],C * 16 * 63 = 40320 ,[object Object],C = 40 ; H = 16 ; S = 63,[object Object]
Setup the loopback device,[object Object],Using fdisk, find the starting sector of the recently created partition. The start field shows the starting sector of the partition. ,[object Object],There are about 32256 bytes before the first partition begins. ,[object Object],$ fdisk -u -l disk.img,[object Object],Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System,[object Object],disk.img1              63       40319       20128+  83  Linux,[object Object],[object Object],$ losetup -o 32256 /dev/loop0 disk.img,[object Object]
Create a file system,[object Object],Format the disk and create an ext2 filesystem on the image,[object Object],$ mkfs.ext2 /dev/loop0,[object Object],Mount the image,[object Object],Mount the disk image to a directory on the local filesystem,[object Object],$ mount /dev/loop0 /mnt,[object Object],Detach the loopback device,[object Object],$ losetup –d /dev/loop0,[object Object]
Install Grub,[object Object],$ mkdir -p /mnt/boot/grub $ cp /boot/grub/stage1 /boot/grub/stage2 /mnt/boot/grub/ $ vi /mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf title=MyKernel root (hd0,0) kernel /mykernel,[object Object],$ mkdir -p /mnt/boot/grub $ cp /boot/grub/stage1 /boot/grub/stage2 /mnt/boot/grub/ $ vi /mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf title=MyKernel root (hd0,0) kernel /mykernel,[object Object],$ mkdir -p /mnt/boot/grub $ cp /boot/grub/stage1 /boot/grub/stage2 /mnt/boot/grub/,[object Object],Copy Grub files (stage1 and stage2) from your existing distro (in our case, ubuntu system) to the image file.,[object Object],$ mkdir -p /mnt/boot/grub ,[object Object],$ cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage1 /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage2 /mnt/boot/grub/,[object Object],[object Object],$ umount /mnt,[object Object]
Setup Grub device-map,[object Object],$ grub --device-map=/dev/null ,[object Object],device (hd0) disk.img ,[object Object],geometry (hd0) 40 16 63 ,[object Object],root (hd0,0) ,[object Object],setup (hd0) ,[object Object],quit,[object Object]
Boot using Qemu,[object Object],The following command will bring up the Qemu window and boot from the new disk.img. ,[object Object],$ qemu –hda disk.img –m 128 ,[object Object],The grub boot code on the disk.img boots to stage2 and brings up a grub command prompt.,[object Object],grub > ,[object Object],If you have placed a multiboot specification compliant kernel (for ex. linux kernel 2.6.* ) on the disk.img filesystem under /boot directory, the following command will bring up the kernel.,[object Object],grub> kernel /boot/kernel.bin ,[object Object],grub> boot,[object Object]
For more information, contact:Sukhvinder Singhhttp://www.linkedin.com/in/s0001sukh.chauhan@gmail.com,[object Object]

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Installing grub on virtual hard disk images

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