1. PRESENTED BY-
Sukhvinder Kaur
MSc(Nursing)

2. Biomedical waste is defined as solid
waste generated during the diagnosis,
testing, treatment, research or
production of biological products for
humans or animals. Biomedical waste
includes syringes, laboratory samples,
body parts, bodily fluids and sharp
needles.

3. The main sources of biomedical
waste are:
Hospitals
Medical clinics
Laboratories

4. Waste management can be done by a
systematic approach, which involves:
Segregation: Segregation
is to be done at source of
generation of biomedical
waste by the medical &
para-medical staff.
Collection: Collection of biomedical
waste should be done as per rules of

5. biomedical waste management &
Handling (1998) notified under the
environment protection act by the
ministry of environment.
Transportation of hospital
waste can be done:
 Within the hospital
 At the treatment /
 Disposal unit
outside the hospital

6. Treatment of hospital waste:
Approaches of treatment may differ
according to:
 General waste
 Biomedical waste

7. Treatment
Option & Waste Category
Disposal
Cat. No. Incineration Human Anatomical Waste
1 /deep burial (human tissues, organs, body
parts)
Cat. No. Incineration Animal Waste (Animal
2 /deep burial tissues, organs, Body parts
bleeding parts, body fluids,
blood and experimental
animals used in research,

8. Treatment
Option & Waste Category
Disposal
discharge from hospitals,
animal houses)
Cat. No. Local Microbiology &
3 autoclaving/ Biotechnology waste (wastes
micro- from laboratory cultures, or
waving/ specimens of micro-
incineration organisms, live or attenuated
vaccines, human and animal
cell culture used in research

9. Treatment
Option & Waste Category
Disposal
and industrial laboratories,
wastes from production of
biological, toxins, dishes and
devices used for transfer of
cultures)
Cat. No. Disinfection Waste Sharps (needles,
4 (chemical syringes, blades, glass that
treatment/ may cause puncture and
autoclaving cuts. This includes both

10. Treatment
Option & Waste Category
Disposal
used & unused sharps)
Cat. No. Incineration Discarded Medicines and
5 or Cytotoxic drugs (wastes
destruction comprising of outdated,
& drugs contaminated and discarded
disposal in medicines)
secured
landfills

11. Treatment
Option & Waste Category
Disposal
Cat. No. Incineration Solid Waste (Items
6 /autoclaving contaminated with blood and
/micro- body fluids including cotton,
waving dressings, soiled plaster
casts, beddings)
Cat. No. Disinfection Solid Waste (waste
7 by chemical generated from disposable
treatment items other than the sharps
wastes such as tubing,

12. Treatment
Option & Waste Category
Disposal
intravenous sets etc.)
Cat. No. Disinfection Liquid Waste (waste
8 s by generated from laboratory &
chemical washing, cleaning ,house-
treatment keeping and disinfecting
and activities)
discharge
into drain

13. Treatment
Option & Waste Category
Disposal
Cat. No. Disposal in Incineration Ash (ash from
9 municipal incineration of any bio-
landfill medical waste)
Cat. No. Chemically Chemical waste (chemicals
10 Rx used in production of
disinfection biologicals, chemical used in
& discharge insecticides etc)
into drains
for liquid

14. NOTE:
 Chemicals treatment using at least 1%
hypochlorite solution or any other
equivalent chemical reagent should
ensure the disinfection.
 Mutilation/shredding must be such so
as to prevent unauthorized reuse.
 There will be no chemical pretreatment
before incineration. PVC shall not be
incinerated.

15. The central pollution board has
recommended two types of
incinerators :
Incinerators for individual
hospital/nursing homes/
medical establishments
Common incinerator to
handle waste.
from a number of hospitals/nursing
homes /pathological laboratories etc.

17. Color Type of Waste Treatment
Coding Container Category Options
Yellow Plastic bag Categories Incineration/
1,2,3 & 6 deep burial
Red Plastic bag Categories Autoclaving/
3,6,7 Micro waving/
Chemical
Treatment
Blue/white plastic bag/ Categories Autoclaving/
Translucen puncture 4,7 Micro waving/
-t proof chemical
containers treatment

18. Color Type of Waste Treatment
Coding Container Category Options
Blue/ Plastic Categories Autoclaving/
White bag/puncture 4,7 Micro
translucen proof waving/
-t container chemical
treatment
and
destruction
Black Plastic bag Categories Disposal in
5,9,10 secured
(Solid) landfill

19. Different labels for bio-medical waste container
& bags shall be require for identification & safe
Handling of this waste. These labels for storage
/Transportation of biomedical waste are as:

20.  All items sent to incinerator/burial to be
placed in yellow colored bags.
 All biomedical waste to be sent for
microwave/ autoclaving/chemical
treatment to be packed in a blue/white
translucent bags.

21.  Any other waste to be sent to shedder
after autoclaving/chemical treatment
to be packed in black bag.
 All bags /containers are to be filled up
only 3/4th capacity & removed from the
site of generation regularly &timely.
 Wastes that require decontamination/
disinfection at the site of generation
(plastic or sharp materials should be
removed only after treatment)

22. Indicators Checklist
Indicator 1 Sharp instruments are handled safely
to minimize the risk of a sharp injury:
 Appropriate puncture-proof sharp
containers.
 Container less than three-quarters
full.
 No recapping
or one-hand
recapping.
Indicator 2 Instruments decontaminated fully:
 Sterilizer available & in good

23. Indicators Checklist
working order
 Equipment thoroughly cleaned
after use.
 Clean instruments are stored in
cupboards.
Indicator 3 Hands are washed appropriately to
prevent cross infection:
 Soap & water available.
 Clean towels available.
 Staff observed to wash
 and dry hands after

24. Indicators Checklist
contact with body Fluid, removal of
gloves & contact with patients.
Indicator 4 A protective barrier is to worn to
prevent exposure to blood
The following protective barriers are
available for use by staff (Depending
on the clinical area & risk of exposure)
 Disposable gloves
 Heavy duty gloves
 Masks

25. Indicators Checklist
 Protective eyewear
Indicator 5 Waste disposal safety:
 Evidence of deep burial or burning
regularly.
 No contaminated waste visible