1. Northern Europe

2. Physical Geography

3. Physical Features
 Land of Variety
 Rolling hills, icy glaciers, fiery volcanoes
 Changes from one location to another
 Two Regions
 British Isles
 Group of islands (Ireland & United Kingdom)
 Scandinavia
 Islands & Peninsulas (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark &
Iceland)

4. Hills & Mountains
 Rough, rocky hills & low mts. Present
 Kjolen Mts. Separte Norway & Sweden
 Farming difficult in these areas (soil too rocky)
 Less people live in these areas

5. Farmland and Plains
 Located in Southern part of British Isles & Scandinavia
 Rolling hills of Ireland & valleys in England and
Denmark

6. Effects of Glaciers
 Have left mark on
coastlines & lakes
 Jagged coastlines w/
fjords (narrow inlet of
the sea between high,
rocky cliffs)
 Thousands of lakes
across Northern Europe

7. Natural Resources
 Have made region wealthiest in world
 Energy resources, forests & soils, and seas
 Energy
 Oil, natural gas, hydroelectric energy, & geothermal
energy (energy from the heat of Earth’s interior)
 Forests & Soils
 Timber (Finland & Scandinavian Peninsula)
 Fertile Soils (wheat & potatoes and livestock)
 Seas & Oceans
 Fishing industry in Norway, Denmark, & Iceland

8. Climates
 Mostly near Arctic Circle
 Climates are remarkably mild
 North Atlantic Drift
 An ocean current that brings warm, moist air across the Atlantic Ocean
(keeps region warmer than other locations w/ similar latitudes)
 Denmark, British Isles, & western Norway
 Mild winters & frequent rainfall
 Frosts & snow in winter, but does not last long
 Central Norway, Sweden, & southern Finland
 Four true seasons (cold snowy winters & mild summers)
 Far North
 Subarctic (long, cold winters & short summers)
 Iceland extremely cold temps all year