7. A History of Platonic Solids
• There are five regular polyhedra that were
discovered by the ancient Greeks.
• The Pythagoreans knew of the tetrahedron,
the cube, and the dodecahedron; the
mathematician Theaetetus added the
octahedron and the icosahedron.
8. These shapes are called the Platonic solids,
after the ancient Greek philosopher Plato;
Plato, who greatly respected Theaetetus'
work, speculated that these five solids were
the shapes of the fundamental components
of the physical universe
9. Plato associated one solid with each of the four
basic elements -- fire, earth, air, and water. He
reserved the fifth for the heavens beyond the
stars and planets
10. Polyhedrons or Polyhedra
• A polyhedron is a solid formed by flat
surfaces.
• We constructed regular convex polyhedrons:
– “regular” refers to the fact that every face, every edge
length, every facial angle, and every dihedral angle (angle
between two faces) are equal to all the others that
constitute the polyhedron.
– “convex” refers to the fact that all of the sides of the
shapes are flat planes, i.e., they are not “concave”, or
dented in.
11. Characteristics of Regular Convex
Polyhedra
• Each face is congruent to all others
• Each face is regular
• Each face meets the others in exactly the
same way
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