9. The Evidence
There is overwhelming evidence indicating
that several types of bariatric operations
promote profound weight loss and cause
complete remission of type 2 diabetes.
Pories and Swanson, Ann surg 222:339-350
Sjostrom and Larsonet al NEJM 357: 741-752
10. Association of Diabetes and Obesity
DIABETES + OBESITY = DIABESITY
DIABETES OBESITY 90%
WEIGHT LOSS
T2D
WEIGHT GAIN T2D
11. How can we correct it ?
Dietary control
Lifestyle changes.
Medical management
12. Why Surgery ?
Non Surgical methods of weight loss are
associated with higher failure rates.
NIH consensus Panel 1991 recommendation:
“Surgery is the only long term sustainable
weight loss method”
*American Diabetic association has also
recommended weight loss surgery in
Diabetics with BMI 35 or above.
*ADA clinical practice recommendations 2008
13. Benefits of surgical weight loss
(morbidity and mortality improvement)
Weight loss is associated with resolution of
co morbidities.
◦ DM=>80%
◦ Hypertension=>60%
◦ Hyperlipidemia=>60-95%
◦ Obstructive Sleep Apnoea => 80-80%
◦ Pories and Swanson, Ann surg 222:339-350
Swedish obese subjects study shows clear benefit
of survival for surgery patients from
cardiovascular events.(24%)
Sjostrom and Larsonet al NEJM 357: 741-752
14. BARIATRIC SURGERY AND
DIABETES
Bariatric patients would have a sustained
weight loss and thus would have a complete
resolution of diabetes
T2D even if are not obese still would achieve
resolution after SG or GBP
Schauer&Burguera AnnalsSurgery 2003;238:467-84
Gann ss& Horgensen ANZ J Surgery 2007;77:958-62
17. Mechanisms of Diabetes Resolution
after Gastrointestinal Bypass
Surgery
Enhanced secretion of something good for
glucose homeostasis ?
Reduced production of something bad for glucose
homeostasis ?
18. What is The Mechanism?
Sudden reduction in caloric intake
Reduced Ghrelin Levels
Increased production of bile acids
BA + TGR 5 c AMP dependant THAE Increased Energy Expenditure
19. The Query
Weight loss surgery patients experience a
reduction in or resolution of diabetic
symptoms immediately following surgery,
before weight loss has had a chance to take
place.
20. THE ANSWER
The Immediate control
The Entero insular Axis
The Francesco Rubino Experiment.
The Foregut Hypothesis
The Hindgut Hypothesis
The role of GLP-I& GIP
21.
22. The exclusion of the
duodenal nutrient
passage may offset an
abnormality of
gastrointestinal
physiology responsible
for insulin resistance
and type 2 diabetes
23. Nutrients reach the distal
ileum within 5 min of the
ingestion of food and this
stimulates the secretion of
GLP1 by L cells
located in this area
24. The Entero Insular Axis
Anti-Incretins DPP-4
INCREASED INSULIN AVAILABILTY
GLP-1 Insulin Production
Incretins GIP b-cell Neogenesis
PYY Statiety.
25.
26. THE ANSWER
Long Term Resolution
Decreased adipose tissue leads to
modulation of the Adipo Insular Axis
Adipocytokines.
Leptin.
Adiponectin. Decreased Insulin Resistance
Resistin.
27. The Net Effect
Decreased insulin destruction
Increased Insulin Production
Decreased Insulin Resistance
28. WHO WOULD HAVE
THOUGHT IT?
An Operation Can be The most
effective Therapy For Adult Onset
Diabetes Mellitus
30. Workshop in Rome
Workshop with Mufazzal Lakhdawala
Spent some time with Prof. Mumtaz Maher
Extensive hands of course with Prof Karl
Miller
Acquired all necessary equipments
Extensive training hand-swen gut surgery
Developed a team
Regularly performing sleeve gastrectomy
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36. How much it costs?
Nothing is more costly than a healthy
life