1. STEM CELL
-SUTHAR HARSHIL
-F.Y.B.SC.BIOTECHNOLOGY
-GOVERNMENT SCIENCE COLLEGE

2. Definition

A cell that has the ability to
continuously divide and differentiate
(develop) into various other kind(s) of
cells/tissues

3. Introduction

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop
into many different cell types in the body during early life
and growth.

Self-regeneration is the ability of stem cells to divide and
produce more stem cells. During early development, the
cell division is symmetrical and as well as a symmetrical.

The ability to differentiate is the potential to develop into
other cell types

4. History

1968 : Bone marrow transplant between two siblings
successfully treats SCID

1978 : Haematopoietic stem cell are discovered in
Human cord blood

1992 : Neural stem cell are cultured in vitro as
neurospheres

1997 : Leukemia is shown to originate from a
haematopoietic stem cell the first direct evidence for
cancer stem cell

1998 : James Thomson and coworkers derive the first
human embryonic stem cell line.

5. Kind of stem cell
TOTIOPOTENT
PLURIPOTENT
MULTIPOTENT
Totipotent stem
cells are found
only in early
embryos. Each
cell can form a
complete
organisms
These cells are like
Totipotent stem
cells in that they
can give rise to all
tissue types.
Multipotent stem
cell can produce
only of a closely
related family of
cell
Like a Muscle cell
,Liver cell ,Blood
cell

6. Totiopotent
TotiopotentT
Scs
Pluriopotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent

7. What are embryonic stem cells?

Embryonic stem cell are stem derived from the inner cell
mass of a blastocyst ,an early stage embryo

These cells have the ability to self-renew through mitosis.
They are also pluripotent, which means they have the
potential to differentiate into a more specialized, mature
cell type performing distinct functions.

8. Adult stem cell




An adult stem cell is thought to be an undifferentiated
cell, found among differentiated cells in a tissue or
organ.
That can renew itself and can differentiate to yield some
or all of the major specialized cell types of the tissue or
organ.
Adult stem cells have been identified in many organs
and tissues.
there is a very small number of stem cells in each tissue,
and once removed from the body, their capacity to
divide is limited, making generation of large quantities of
stem cells difficult.

10. Application of stem cell

Brain Damage

Cancer

Spindle core

Bone marrow

Cloning

Diabetes

Sickle cell anemia

11. Disadvantages

Stem cell treatments may require immunosuppression
because of a requirement for radiation before the
transplant to remove the patient's previous cells, or
because the patient's immune system may target the
stem cells.

Pluripotency in certain stem cells could also make it
difficult to obtain a specific cell type.

pluripotency is linked to tumor formation especially in
embryonic stem cells.

12. Reference

http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2002_Gro
ups/pancstems/stemcell/challengesofstemcellresearch.
htm

http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/pages/basics1.aspx

http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/stemcell/overvie
w.php

http://www.stemcellhistory.com/stem-cellglossary/#more-83