SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 25
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Economic feasibility of offshore seaweed
production in the North Sea
Sander van den Burg, Paul Bikker, Marinus van Krimpen &
Arie-Pieter van Duijn
Increasing interest in seaweeds
 Interest in sustainable marine production
● World population growth
● Environmental pressures of imported feed and food
● Recovery of phosphor
● Alternative to land-based production
 Offshore wind energy
● Large spatial claim (1,000 km2 for projected 6000
MW)
● Resistance from fishing community
● Responsible use of space
Against this background: TripleP@sea
 Wageningen UR initiated research project
 On Multi-use platforms in the North sea
 4 year, multi-disciplinary project
 Link to other projects, e.g. FP7 Mermaid
 2012/2013: zooming in on offshore seaweed production
 Our focus: economic research within TripleP@sea
Outline
 Basic info on seaweed production in North Sea
 Assess production costs
 Review of seaweed applications and market values
 Prospects for offshore seaweed production
90% of world production from aquaculture
Only just started in Netherlands
Production in Netherlands
 On-going experiments with
different production techniques
(long-lines, nets)
 Focus on indigenous species:
● Laminaria digitata
● Saccharina latissima
● Palmaria palmata
● Ulva lactuca
Experiences with seaweed aquaculture
Group: Brown algae Red algae Green algae
Species: Laminaria digitata,
Saccharina latissima
Palmaria palmata Ulva lactuca
Growth season September-May Summer Summer
Optimal water
temperature
<18 15-20 15-20
Grow speed Up to a daily increase of
DM of 20% under optimal
conditions
Up to daily increase of
35% of DM under optimal
conditions
Up to a daily increase in DM of
50% under optimal conditions
Yield/ha (DM) 15 15-20 20
Vulnerability
diseases
Colonised by several
organisms, thus hindering
its growth during spring
and summer
Unknown It tends to be free floating
under harsh conditions
Production risks Fast degradation in spring
(Saccharina latissima)
Uncertain whether the
plant will recover after
wintertime
Sudden disappearance
Estimate production costs
 Analysis of publications on the costs of seaweed
production show great differences:
Technology Invest Lifespan Operational Yield €/ tonne
DM
Source
€ Year €/year Tonnes DM
Ring 1,000
per unit
10 n.a. 0.040 2,500 Buck and Buchholz
(2004)
Long-lines n.a. n.a. n.a. 121-409 Reith, Deurwaarder et al.
(2005)
25,000
per ha
10 n.a. 35 71 Florentinus, Hamelick et
al. (2008)
25,000
per ha
n.a. 750 per ha
+ 104 per
tonne of DM
50 669 Lenstra et al. (2011)
45,615 10 12,155 1.6 10,448 Petrell, Tabrizi et al.
(1993)
Estimate production costs
 Based on own experiences
Per ha lifespan
(year)
Per year Per tonne of
DM (20 tonne
yield)
Investment
in systems
Low
scenario
50,000 10 2,500 250
Investment
in systems
High
scenario
150,000 10 7,500 750
Seedlings 13,000 1 13,000 650
Labour 300 1 300 15
Harvesting 104
Total Low 1,019
High 1,519
Use of seaweed
 Various applications of seaweed possible:
● Food
● Thickener/Alginates
● Feed
● Production of green chemicals
● Biofuel
● Research on:
● Plant hormones
● Omega-3
● Pharmaceuticals (e.g. Mannitol)
Use of seaweed
 Various applications of seaweed possible:
● Food
● Thickener/Alginates
● Feed
● Production of green chemicals
● Biofuel
● Research on:
● Plant hormones
● Omega-3
● Pharmaceuticals (e.g. Mannitol)
If only...
Food
 Worldwide: largest use of
seaweeds
 Niche market in the
Netherlands
● Import from Asia,
France
● Organic segment
● Restaurants
Niche developments
And in major supermarket chain
Thickener
 Worldwide second-largest
market
 Up 1 million tonne
seaweeds used
 Value dependent on
contents
 Roughly 600 euro per ton
DM
 But alternatives available
(tapioca, potatoes)
Feed applications
 Although traditional use, literature review shows
seaweeds are better not fed directly
 Addition to pre-mix of feed is possible
 Calculation using Bestmix:
Value (euro/100 kg
94%DM)
Value (euro/tonne of
DM)
Laminaria digitata 0.00 0.00
Saccharina latissima 4.40 46.64
Palmaria palmate 11.50 121.90
Ulva lactuca 4.60 48.76
Use as feed additive
Green chemicals
 Production of basic chemicals (aceton, butanol, ethanol)
 High value chemicals
Product Market
value
Production Value
€/tonne Kg/tonne of dry
seaweed
€/tonne of dry seaweed
Acetic acid 570 247 140
Butanol 707 123 87
Lactic acid 235 486 114
Propylene glycol 1,000 133 133
Citric acid 1,414 429 606
Prospects
 Human food offers highest value
 Challenge to develop market for seaweed
 Other current applications offer too low values
 Some high value applications are foreseen, but under
development
 How to reduce costs and increase benefits?
Conclusion
 Reduce costs
● Improve production system (year round, two
yields?)
● IMTA as alternative?
● Increase yield and control product characteristics
● Examine synergy with offshore wind
Multi-use platforms
 Synergy with offshore wind energy in construction
and/or transport?
Conclusion
 Reduce costs
● Improve production system (year round, two
yields?)
● IMTA as alternative?
● Increase yield and control product characteristics
● Examine synergy with offshore wind
 Increase benefits:
● Look for combinations: high + low value
● Biorefinery required for high value applications
● And: bringing together different market actors
Thank you
For more information:
sander.vandenburg@wur.nl

Más contenido relacionado

Similar a Economic feasibility of offshore seaweed production in the North Sea

Wavedragon ses presentation (b2) cork without backup slides
Wavedragon ses presentation (b2) cork without backup slidesWavedragon ses presentation (b2) cork without backup slides
Wavedragon ses presentation (b2) cork without backup slidese.friismadsen
 
PROJECT REPORT PRESENTATION1
PROJECT  REPORT PRESENTATION1PROJECT  REPORT PRESENTATION1
PROJECT REPORT PRESENTATION1Andrew Ayuka
 
11 gabriel acien - 16.30 paneeli unlocking potential of algae
11 gabriel acien - 16.30 paneeli unlocking potential of algae11 gabriel acien - 16.30 paneeli unlocking potential of algae
11 gabriel acien - 16.30 paneeli unlocking potential of algaeMaa- ja metsätalousministeriö
 
Aquatic Biofuels Emuni Presentation
Aquatic Biofuels Emuni PresentationAquatic Biofuels Emuni Presentation
Aquatic Biofuels Emuni Presentationaquaticbiofuel
 
2022-09-23 Company Presentation v7.3.pptx
2022-09-23 Company Presentation v7.3.pptx2022-09-23 Company Presentation v7.3.pptx
2022-09-23 Company Presentation v7.3.pptxJeroen83
 
Introduction on Enerfish project
Introduction on Enerfish projectIntroduction on Enerfish project
Introduction on Enerfish projectSon Ha-Dang
 
Aquatic Biofuels Presentation
Aquatic Biofuels PresentationAquatic Biofuels Presentation
Aquatic Biofuels Presentationaquaticbiofuel
 
UK AD & Biogas 2016 _ R&I Hub 6 July
UK AD & Biogas 2016 _ R&I Hub 6 July UK AD & Biogas 2016 _ R&I Hub 6 July
UK AD & Biogas 2016 _ R&I Hub 6 July UKADBiogas
 
INTEGRATED SEAWEED/ABALONE MULTITROPHIC RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE (IMTA) IN S...
INTEGRATED SEAWEED/ABALONE MULTITROPHIC RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE (IMTA) IN S...INTEGRATED SEAWEED/ABALONE MULTITROPHIC RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE (IMTA) IN S...
INTEGRATED SEAWEED/ABALONE MULTITROPHIC RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE (IMTA) IN S...Deborah Robertson-Andersson
 
Double recirculation aquaponics system
Double recirculation aquaponics systemDouble recirculation aquaponics system
Double recirculation aquaponics systempriyamahangade
 
Geothermal direct use - with a focus on agriculture and agro-industry sectors
Geothermal direct use - with a focus on agriculture and agro-industry sectorsGeothermal direct use - with a focus on agriculture and agro-industry sectors
Geothermal direct use - with a focus on agriculture and agro-industry sectorsIceland Geothermal
 
IRJET- Marine Pollution and its Removal (Oil Spillage)
IRJET-  	  Marine Pollution and its Removal (Oil Spillage)IRJET-  	  Marine Pollution and its Removal (Oil Spillage)
IRJET- Marine Pollution and its Removal (Oil Spillage)IRJET Journal
 
Techno- economics analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1 ha green W...
Techno- economics analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1 ha green W...Techno- economics analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1 ha green W...
Techno- economics analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1 ha green W...Alejandro Roldan
 
COST AND EARNINGS OF PROCESSING INDUSTRY
COST AND EARNINGS OF PROCESSING INDUSTRYCOST AND EARNINGS OF PROCESSING INDUSTRY
COST AND EARNINGS OF PROCESSING INDUSTRYDEVIKA ANTHARJANAM
 

Similar a Economic feasibility of offshore seaweed production in the North Sea (20)

Wavedragon ses presentation (b2) cork without backup slides
Wavedragon ses presentation (b2) cork without backup slidesWavedragon ses presentation (b2) cork without backup slides
Wavedragon ses presentation (b2) cork without backup slides
 
Plenair pitch arn 1
Plenair pitch arn 1Plenair pitch arn 1
Plenair pitch arn 1
 
PROJECT REPORT PRESENTATION1
PROJECT  REPORT PRESENTATION1PROJECT  REPORT PRESENTATION1
PROJECT REPORT PRESENTATION1
 
Supporting R&I in Freshwater aquaculture
Supporting R&I in Freshwater aquacultureSupporting R&I in Freshwater aquaculture
Supporting R&I in Freshwater aquaculture
 
11 gabriel acien - 16.30 paneeli unlocking potential of algae
11 gabriel acien - 16.30 paneeli unlocking potential of algae11 gabriel acien - 16.30 paneeli unlocking potential of algae
11 gabriel acien - 16.30 paneeli unlocking potential of algae
 
Economics of small scale biogas
Economics of small scale biogasEconomics of small scale biogas
Economics of small scale biogas
 
Aquatic Biofuels Emuni Presentation
Aquatic Biofuels Emuni PresentationAquatic Biofuels Emuni Presentation
Aquatic Biofuels Emuni Presentation
 
Wood gasifier
Wood gasifierWood gasifier
Wood gasifier
 
2022-09-23 Company Presentation v7.3.pptx
2022-09-23 Company Presentation v7.3.pptx2022-09-23 Company Presentation v7.3.pptx
2022-09-23 Company Presentation v7.3.pptx
 
Introduction on Enerfish project
Introduction on Enerfish projectIntroduction on Enerfish project
Introduction on Enerfish project
 
Aquaticbiofuels
AquaticbiofuelsAquaticbiofuels
Aquaticbiofuels
 
Aquatic Biofuels Presentation
Aquatic Biofuels PresentationAquatic Biofuels Presentation
Aquatic Biofuels Presentation
 
UK AD & Biogas 2016 _ R&I Hub 6 July
UK AD & Biogas 2016 _ R&I Hub 6 July UK AD & Biogas 2016 _ R&I Hub 6 July
UK AD & Biogas 2016 _ R&I Hub 6 July
 
INTEGRATED SEAWEED/ABALONE MULTITROPHIC RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE (IMTA) IN S...
INTEGRATED SEAWEED/ABALONE MULTITROPHIC RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE (IMTA) IN S...INTEGRATED SEAWEED/ABALONE MULTITROPHIC RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE (IMTA) IN S...
INTEGRATED SEAWEED/ABALONE MULTITROPHIC RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE (IMTA) IN S...
 
Double recirculation aquaponics system
Double recirculation aquaponics systemDouble recirculation aquaponics system
Double recirculation aquaponics system
 
Geothermal direct use - with a focus on agriculture and agro-industry sectors
Geothermal direct use - with a focus on agriculture and agro-industry sectorsGeothermal direct use - with a focus on agriculture and agro-industry sectors
Geothermal direct use - with a focus on agriculture and agro-industry sectors
 
IRJET- Marine Pollution and its Removal (Oil Spillage)
IRJET-  	  Marine Pollution and its Removal (Oil Spillage)IRJET-  	  Marine Pollution and its Removal (Oil Spillage)
IRJET- Marine Pollution and its Removal (Oil Spillage)
 
Techno- economics analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1 ha green W...
Techno- economics analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1 ha green W...Techno- economics analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1 ha green W...
Techno- economics analysis of microalgal biomass production in a 1 ha green W...
 
Feed producers and product innovation
Feed producers and product innovationFeed producers and product innovation
Feed producers and product innovation
 
COST AND EARNINGS OF PROCESSING INDUSTRY
COST AND EARNINGS OF PROCESSING INDUSTRYCOST AND EARNINGS OF PROCESSING INDUSTRY
COST AND EARNINGS OF PROCESSING INDUSTRY
 

Más de Sander van den Burg

New value chains for European seaweeds (Aqua2018 )
New value chains for European seaweeds (Aqua2018 )New value chains for European seaweeds (Aqua2018 )
New value chains for European seaweeds (Aqua2018 )Sander van den Burg
 
Blue growth – more than technological enthusiasm alone
Blue growth – more than technological enthusiasm aloneBlue growth – more than technological enthusiasm alone
Blue growth – more than technological enthusiasm aloneSander van den Burg
 
Environmental performance of wild caught north sea whitefish
Environmental performance of wild caught north sea whitefishEnvironmental performance of wild caught north sea whitefish
Environmental performance of wild caught north sea whitefishSander van den Burg
 

Más de Sander van den Burg (6)

New value chains for European seaweeds (Aqua2018 )
New value chains for European seaweeds (Aqua2018 )New value chains for European seaweeds (Aqua2018 )
New value chains for European seaweeds (Aqua2018 )
 
sustainability-08-00127
sustainability-08-00127sustainability-08-00127
sustainability-08-00127
 
Blue growth – more than technological enthusiasm alone
Blue growth – more than technological enthusiasm aloneBlue growth – more than technological enthusiasm alone
Blue growth – more than technological enthusiasm alone
 
Duurzame Voeding Bestaat Niet
Duurzame Voeding Bestaat NietDuurzame Voeding Bestaat Niet
Duurzame Voeding Bestaat Niet
 
Environmental performance of wild caught north sea whitefish
Environmental performance of wild caught north sea whitefishEnvironmental performance of wild caught north sea whitefish
Environmental performance of wild caught north sea whitefish
 
De Clercq Duurzaamheidsseminar
De Clercq DuurzaamheidsseminarDe Clercq Duurzaamheidsseminar
De Clercq Duurzaamheidsseminar
 

Último

Designing A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLDesigning A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLRuncy Oommen
 
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve DecarbonizationUsing IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve DecarbonizationIES VE
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesMd Hossain Ali
 
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )Brian Pichman
 
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration Workflows
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration WorkflowsIgniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration Workflows
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration WorkflowsSafe Software
 
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...DianaGray10
 
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAAnypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAshyamraj55
 
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?IES VE
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8DianaGray10
 
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Commit University
 
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxCybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxGDSC PJATK
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdfPedro Manuel
 
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024SkyPlanner
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostMatt Ray
 
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IES VE
 
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDEADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDELiveplex
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopBachir Benyammi
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesDavid Newbury
 
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.YounusS2
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxMatsuo Lab
 

Último (20)

Designing A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLDesigning A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
 
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve DecarbonizationUsing IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
 
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
 
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration Workflows
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration WorkflowsIgniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration Workflows
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration Workflows
 
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
 
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAAnypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
 
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
How Accurate are Carbon Emissions Projections?
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
 
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
 
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxCybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
 
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
 
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
 
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDEADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
 
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
 

Economic feasibility of offshore seaweed production in the North Sea

  • 1. Economic feasibility of offshore seaweed production in the North Sea Sander van den Burg, Paul Bikker, Marinus van Krimpen & Arie-Pieter van Duijn
  • 2. Increasing interest in seaweeds  Interest in sustainable marine production ● World population growth ● Environmental pressures of imported feed and food ● Recovery of phosphor ● Alternative to land-based production  Offshore wind energy ● Large spatial claim (1,000 km2 for projected 6000 MW) ● Resistance from fishing community ● Responsible use of space
  • 3. Against this background: TripleP@sea  Wageningen UR initiated research project  On Multi-use platforms in the North sea  4 year, multi-disciplinary project  Link to other projects, e.g. FP7 Mermaid  2012/2013: zooming in on offshore seaweed production  Our focus: economic research within TripleP@sea
  • 4. Outline  Basic info on seaweed production in North Sea  Assess production costs  Review of seaweed applications and market values  Prospects for offshore seaweed production
  • 5. 90% of world production from aquaculture
  • 6. Only just started in Netherlands
  • 7. Production in Netherlands  On-going experiments with different production techniques (long-lines, nets)  Focus on indigenous species: ● Laminaria digitata ● Saccharina latissima ● Palmaria palmata ● Ulva lactuca
  • 8. Experiences with seaweed aquaculture Group: Brown algae Red algae Green algae Species: Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima Palmaria palmata Ulva lactuca Growth season September-May Summer Summer Optimal water temperature <18 15-20 15-20 Grow speed Up to a daily increase of DM of 20% under optimal conditions Up to daily increase of 35% of DM under optimal conditions Up to a daily increase in DM of 50% under optimal conditions Yield/ha (DM) 15 15-20 20 Vulnerability diseases Colonised by several organisms, thus hindering its growth during spring and summer Unknown It tends to be free floating under harsh conditions Production risks Fast degradation in spring (Saccharina latissima) Uncertain whether the plant will recover after wintertime Sudden disappearance
  • 9. Estimate production costs  Analysis of publications on the costs of seaweed production show great differences: Technology Invest Lifespan Operational Yield €/ tonne DM Source € Year €/year Tonnes DM Ring 1,000 per unit 10 n.a. 0.040 2,500 Buck and Buchholz (2004) Long-lines n.a. n.a. n.a. 121-409 Reith, Deurwaarder et al. (2005) 25,000 per ha 10 n.a. 35 71 Florentinus, Hamelick et al. (2008) 25,000 per ha n.a. 750 per ha + 104 per tonne of DM 50 669 Lenstra et al. (2011) 45,615 10 12,155 1.6 10,448 Petrell, Tabrizi et al. (1993)
  • 10. Estimate production costs  Based on own experiences Per ha lifespan (year) Per year Per tonne of DM (20 tonne yield) Investment in systems Low scenario 50,000 10 2,500 250 Investment in systems High scenario 150,000 10 7,500 750 Seedlings 13,000 1 13,000 650 Labour 300 1 300 15 Harvesting 104 Total Low 1,019 High 1,519
  • 11. Use of seaweed  Various applications of seaweed possible: ● Food ● Thickener/Alginates ● Feed ● Production of green chemicals ● Biofuel ● Research on: ● Plant hormones ● Omega-3 ● Pharmaceuticals (e.g. Mannitol)
  • 12. Use of seaweed  Various applications of seaweed possible: ● Food ● Thickener/Alginates ● Feed ● Production of green chemicals ● Biofuel ● Research on: ● Plant hormones ● Omega-3 ● Pharmaceuticals (e.g. Mannitol)
  • 14. Food  Worldwide: largest use of seaweeds  Niche market in the Netherlands ● Import from Asia, France ● Organic segment ● Restaurants
  • 16. And in major supermarket chain
  • 17. Thickener  Worldwide second-largest market  Up 1 million tonne seaweeds used  Value dependent on contents  Roughly 600 euro per ton DM  But alternatives available (tapioca, potatoes)
  • 18. Feed applications  Although traditional use, literature review shows seaweeds are better not fed directly  Addition to pre-mix of feed is possible  Calculation using Bestmix: Value (euro/100 kg 94%DM) Value (euro/tonne of DM) Laminaria digitata 0.00 0.00 Saccharina latissima 4.40 46.64 Palmaria palmate 11.50 121.90 Ulva lactuca 4.60 48.76
  • 19. Use as feed additive
  • 20. Green chemicals  Production of basic chemicals (aceton, butanol, ethanol)  High value chemicals Product Market value Production Value €/tonne Kg/tonne of dry seaweed €/tonne of dry seaweed Acetic acid 570 247 140 Butanol 707 123 87 Lactic acid 235 486 114 Propylene glycol 1,000 133 133 Citric acid 1,414 429 606
  • 21. Prospects  Human food offers highest value  Challenge to develop market for seaweed  Other current applications offer too low values  Some high value applications are foreseen, but under development  How to reduce costs and increase benefits?
  • 22. Conclusion  Reduce costs ● Improve production system (year round, two yields?) ● IMTA as alternative? ● Increase yield and control product characteristics ● Examine synergy with offshore wind
  • 23. Multi-use platforms  Synergy with offshore wind energy in construction and/or transport?
  • 24. Conclusion  Reduce costs ● Improve production system (year round, two yields?) ● IMTA as alternative? ● Increase yield and control product characteristics ● Examine synergy with offshore wind  Increase benefits: ● Look for combinations: high + low value ● Biorefinery required for high value applications ● And: bringing together different market actors
  • 25. Thank you For more information: sander.vandenburg@wur.nl