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In-person Dementia Support Group Meeting Guidance Document
V0.2 (draft) dated December 18, 2011, @Swapna Kishore (cyber.swapnakishore@gmail.com)

This is a working draft prepared by Swapna Kishore. This version is for generating discussion and
collecting feedback and suggestions and is not a formal release. The final version will be released
under Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC-SA

Contents
  The purpose of this document: ...................................................................................................... 1

  Aims of a support group meeting:.................................................................................................. 1

  Decisions related to support group meetings ................................................................................. 2

  The Coordinator's role: .................................................................................................................. 3

  Essential personal traits and knowledge of coordinators................................................................ 5

  Desirable advisors/ experts for the coordinator ............................................................................. 6

  Desirable resource base for the coordinator .................................................................................. 6

  More on the actual conducting of the meeting .............................................................................. 6

     Orienting to the caregiver's perspective: things a coordinator may need to consider while
     coordinating a caregiver support group: .................................................................................... 6

     Understanding why people attend SGMs ................................................................................... 7

     Some do's and don'ts while speaking ......................................................................................... 8

     Some tricky situations and possible ways to handle them .......................................................... 8



The purpose of this document:
To describe the skills and activities of a coordinator of a face-to-face support group meeting of
dementia caregivers.

Aims of a support group meeting:
To provide dementia caregivers a meeting place that:
        Provides them a sense of community so that they understand that caregiving problems
         are faced by others also, and that they are not alone
        Allows exchange of useful experiences and practical tips and resources, so that they have
         information and ideas on how to tackle their individual problems better

                                                                                                                                            1
   Allows them a time to relax and feel free of caregiver stress
      Respects their privacy so that they can speak without hesitation about their problems and
       are not scared that what they say will be used outside and embarrass them
      Does not judge them or criticize them or make them feel small or inadequate in any way
      Makes the caregivers feel heard, respected, and valued
      Does not mislead them in any way with respect to miracle cures or by implying that their
       problems are simpler and will go away easily; the meeting provides a balanced picture of
       what to expect and what the benefits of various shared tips may be
      The specific focus of a particular meeting may be informational support or emotional
       support, or a mix of the two (see Focus of support below)

Decisions related to support group meetings
Focus of support (could be a mix, with one hour reserved for one type, and another for another
type, but the decision on the time division needs to be taken before the meeting so that
participants have realistic expectations and the coordinators can also manage appropriately)
      Without any agenda--mainly any type of experience sharing--typically a drop-in meeting
       often held at the same time every month--focus is on emotional support around a
       specific aspect of caregiving
      With a specific topic around which the experience sharing revolves; the coordinator and/
       or an invited expert keeps the discussion on track and also provides overall tips at
       various places--focus is on emotional and informational support around a specific aspect
       of caregiving
      An expert gives a presentation on a specific topic, and caregivers can share experiences/
       ask questions related to that topic-- focus is on informational support around a specific
       aspect of caregiving
Types of forums:
Some decisions need to be taken in advance:
Should the group be open or closed:
      Closed group: a continuing forum, where only the same set of caregivers attend (this
       allows covering a range of topics for both emotional and informational support, with
       bonding between participants, but excludes new caregivers from joining in till the next
       forum starts)
      Open group: a walk-in forum, where some caregivers may continue, and new ones may
       join (this sometimes requires repeated introductions and content may get repetitive for
       old-timers, but the forum allows mixing old participants and new, and can lead to a lot of
       experience and tip sharing)
Number of participants:
                                                                                                   2
The coordinators may choose to stop publicity/ invitations if the group size seems too large,
   or they may split the group into two or more to keep each group manageable. The group size
   chosen depends on the comfort of the coordinator--a very small group may not provide
   enough width of experience, but a large group may not allow everyone a chance to speak and
   share, and can be intimidating. Tentative recommendation is a size of 8 to 15.
Other logistics:
       Location:
       The location may be a fixed one, or rotated with every meeting. It could be a hired place,
       or part of a hospital, or someone's house. There are pros and cons for all decisions, and
       the evaluation needs to be done based on the convenience of the expected participants,
       and how comfortable they will find the venue. Not everyone may want to meet in the
       house of someone, for example, and finding out the comfort levels can be done by
       giving multiple choices and asking them which they would prefer.
       Duration of the meeting:
       Typical duration is 1.5 to 2 hours, but the chosen duration should take into account the
       scope of the meeting (for example, if the meeting combines a presentation and an
       experience sharing session, it may need to be longer) and the convenience of the
       participants.
       Date and time:
       Usually meetings are arranged during the daytime (afternoon or early evening), so that
       commuting is not a problem, and often they are on weekends, so that participants don't
       need to take leave from work, and homebound participants can leave the patient under
       the care of other family members. A quick, informal survey will help the coordinator
       decide. Sometimes, the date and time is determined by the availability of an invited
       expert
       Frequency of meeting:
       Again, it depends on the participants, but less frequent than one month is unlikely to
       help, and more often than once a fortnight may be impractical for people to come.
       Announcement of the meeting:
       This needs to be done well in advance, as well as reinforced by a reminder closer to the
       actual date. E-mails and phone calls, and announcements on websites and blogs are
       usually used, but these assume that the targeted participants are already aware of the
       organizers and are in touch. More persons can be informed through social media, and
       through newspaper announcements (city event pages); these may attract caregivers who
       want support and were not aware that such a caregiver community exists.

The Coordinator's role:
      Decisions related to meeting scope and focus
      Manage the logistics before the meeting
                                                                                                  3
   Coordinate participation during the meeting:
           o Facilitate: Help the group meets its purpose by using various ways to provide
             relevant information to the participants, to encourage participants, guide them
             along, help them, manage challenging group situations, etc.
           o Moderate: Make sure that the discussions remain respectful and productive, and
             do not get offensive/ judgmental/ personal in a way that hurts any caregiver or
             shuts a person up
      Consolidate lessons and do required follow-up after the meeting
Logistics before the meeting
      Do the background administration to announce the meeting, and to ensure that all
       participants are informed of the time, place, and directions, and have some idea of what
       to expect
      Make the location ready for the meeting (typically, arrange chairs in a circle for emotional
       support focus, and in a lecture room format for an informational presentation focus),
       arrange for tea, water, biscuits, writing pads and pens, whiteboards, etc. Keep any
       required material (books, pamphlets) handy for circulation
      In case an expert is invited, coordinate for receiving the expert, and also providing any
       required projector/ whiteboard, etc., photocopying any handouts
During the meeting:
      Ask participants to give their names, contact information, etc. , on a meeting log sheet
      Kick off the meeting by welcoming participants, explaining the scope and purpose, and
       reinforcing the privacy aspect and the *it is not medical advice or personalized
       counseling* aspect
      For experience sharing sessions, begin coordinating the introductions and then manage
       the discussion as required
      For expert presentation sessions, introduce the expert
      During experience sharing/ question-answer sessions, ensure that the aims of the
       support group meeting are met and that any deviation from them is corrected
       immediately
      Track and bring closure to any queries raised during the meeting, either by answering
       questions, or declaring that they will be tackled as part of follow-up activities
      At the end, wrap up the discussion, thank people, and let them know about any material
       you will be emailing to them later
      If possible, gather feedback on what the participants felt about the meeting, and how the
       meeting can be made more useful to them
      If relevant, gather suggestions on subsequent meetings
                                                                                                   4
Consolidate lessons and do required follow-up after the meeting
      Provide participants with any material(or answers to queries) that was promised during
       the meeting
      Analyze what happened to learn how to handle meetings better in future
      Analyze what happened to gather overall tips for caregivers than can be collected to
       create material and resources that could help other caregivers

Essential personal traits and knowledge of coordinators
      Genuine involvement and interest in caregiver welfare
      A positive and empathetic attitude towards caregivers:
          o Compassion and empathy for caregivers
          o Patience (even if a caregiver keeps repeating the same problem again and again, in
            unrelated discussions, or acts insistent for attention or keeps saying "nothing
            works" and seems closed to suggestions)
          o Respect for the caregivers, regardless of the gender, financial status, social skills,
            ability to speak well, way of dressing, religion and region and race, even the
            caregiver's apparent lack of love or care for the patient (or downright hatred for
            the patient)
          o Some basic knowledge of caregiver skills and stress avoidance
          o Some basic understanding of what the typical home care challenges are, and how
            caregivers feel
      An open, non-judgmental, and honest attitude while listening and discussing
          o Non-judgmental about the care being given (even if it seems neglect, lacking
            creativity, full of impatience, etc.)
          o Ability to observe the caregivers' body language and expressions and stay
            attentive. A good listener.
          o Honesty in stating things, and sensitivity while talking
          o A good communicator, who is reasonably articulate while explaining things
          o Considerate and diplomatic (ability to phrase suggestions and comments in ways
            that are positive and constructive and yet do not make the caregiver feel guilty or
            blamed for past "mistakes")
      Knowledge of dementia, related behavior, and of care approaches, skills and issues
          o Good grounding of dementia fundamentals (should know enough to conduct a
            dementia awareness program independently
          o Good grounding of essential dementia caregiving skills, such as communication,
            helping in daily activities, handling challenging behavior, use of activities,
                                                                                                     5
reminiscence therapy, pros and cons of tools like distraction, fiblets, validation,
               aspects like family coordination and conflicts, adapting home, social environment
               impact on care, seeking help, etc.
           o Enough base of interactions with caregivers and experts to be able to fit in
             caregiver stories in the overall dementia care framework and thus moderate the
             discussion to keep it useful and productive, while emphasizing that there is no
             "one size fits all"
       Conflict management skills
           o Ability to handle conflict in the group with gentleness. Ability to direct the
             conversation or take control of the conversation when needed
       Ability to clearly state the goals and limitations of the meeting, along with a good
        understanding of what a support group meeting can help with, and what it should not
        attempt to do. A good understanding of the limitations of the coordinator's own ability
        to help, and of the limitations of the support group meeting as a forum to help others

Desirable advisors/ experts for the coordinator
The support group coordinator should ideally have access to
       Some medical experts who can help the coordinator understand at least some basics if
        the coordinator wants to understand hem/ or someone the coordinator can refer the
        caregivers to
       Some expert caregiver-counselors or other trained counselors who can help the
        coordinator review what happened in a meeting and discuss how a tricky situation could
        have been handled, or to give the coordinator a realistic understanding of the caregiver
        perspectives and problems

Desirable resource base for the coordinator
The support group coordinator should ideally have access to
       Material and pamphlets that can be circulated to inform caregivers about dementia and
        relevant care skills and tips
       Videos to demonstrate possible behavior challenges, and also to show application of
        various skills (such as in taped role plays or instructional videos).
       Videos to demonstrate essential home nursing skills (applicable for advanced stage
        patients)

More on the actual conducting of the meeting
Orienting to the caregiver's perspective: things a coordinator may need to
consider while coordinating a caregiver support group:
   The caregivers did not study for, or plan to become caregivers. They had their own
    ambitions, education, skills, etc., and this is an unexpected role they are doing
                                                                                                   6
   Caregiving is not theoretical for them; they are seeing a family member suffer and are
    emotionally involved and affected
   The caregiver may not have had a loving relationship with the patient (like an autocratic
    mother/ mother-in-law, abusive or negligent father, etc.) This makes caregiving even more
    difficult
   Caregiving takes up a lot of time, energy, and money
   Caregivers may not be sharing their personal situation fully in a meeting, so it is wrong to
    assume that they are not trying hard enough based on what they say publicly. For example,
    they may not share some embarrassing behaviors of the patients (sexual misbehavior, playing
    with fecal matter, severe incontinence) or some of their own limitations (family conflicts,
    economic hardship, abuse by family members, etc.) out of shame or a sense of privacy.
   Caregiving is, even now, not the only role the caregiver plays. There are other responsibilities
    towards elders, spouse, kids, and also other roles, like career, social roles, etc. There may be
    health problems and the effects of long-term stress.
   Caregivers are skilled and creative in their own spheres, even if they seem overwhelmed by
    caregiving (which was an unexpected role for them and they are not trained for it)
Understanding why people attend SGMs
Different people come with different needs and expectations to an SGM. Understanding the
sorts of needs they have will help the coordinator be more effective in facilitation and
moderations. Note that some expectations that people have cannot be met by the meeting, and
some may even be disruptive to the group, and the coordinator may need to decide how to
handle these expectations given the scope and focus of the meeting.
Some reasons that caregivers may be attending a meeting for are:
       They want information about the disease (what it is, the symptoms, what to expect, why
        the patient behaves in a particular way, what the patient feels, treatments, whether the
        condition is infectious, who are the good doctors, how to improve the quality of life of
        the patient)
       They want to share their practical problems and are looking for solutions and resources
       They want company of others like them, just so that they don't feel they are alone in
        doing such work
       They are facing stigma/ social problems (or financial problems, or other problems in
        their own life balance) because of the patient and wonder how others are coping.
       They are tired and frustrated and full of resentment because of the problems they are
        facing while coping with the patient, the system, the family, the doctors, the medical
        companies, the attendants, etc. They may just want to express their frustration and anger
        and may not be expecting solutions. They may even pick holes in any solution or tip


                                                                                                   7
offered, because their main need is to be heard unconditionally; they want everyone to
         understand that they are facing a tough deal which has no answers
        They are stressed and want magical solutions, but are also sure nothing can help them.
        They don't really believe the diagnosis and suspect the doctor has misled them and that
         the patient is pretending, or that the doctor has misled them and that the patient is
         therefore not getting the right treatment and suffering, and they want confirmation of
         this
Some do's and don'ts while speaking
Do                                                  Don't
    Acknowledge problems caregivers state             Don't criticize mistakes made
    Show appreciation for their sharing/              Don't use "you" for critical sentences
     problem. Look for something positive to            which may seem like fault-finding
     appreciate even if they are sharing a major
                                                       Don't speak as if you know what is best
     mistake. For example, you can appreciate
                                                        and your solutions are obvious and will
     the caregiver's effort, the caregiver's love
                                                        solve all problems
     and concern about the patient, or the
     caregiver's opening up about the problem          Don't use phrases like "it is your duty" and
     and looking for suggestions                        "you must love" and "they looked after
                                                        you, now it is your turn"
    When giving a suggestion, always state that
     every person's situation is different, and        Don't act over-sympathetic or pitying.
     that your suggestion may or may not help,
                                                       Don't, in any way, show any doubt about
     and that it is for the caregiver to decide
                                                        the motives or intention or commitment of
     whether to follow the suggestion
                                                        the caregivers
    Place any suggestion in context rather than
                                                       Don't assume that all the caregiver's time
     making it sound like the best/ only
                                                        and energy is available for implementing
     solution
                                                        better caregiving solutions
    Emphasize that the caregiver had no way
     of knowing in advance that her approach
     would not work/ that there is another
     approach
    Talk to caregivers with respect, like they
     are competent and hardworking persons
     with the right intention and with
     commitment to caregiving

Some tricky situations and possible ways to handle them
What happens                 Options to try out
Caregiver, when asked        To reduce the probability of this:
to introduce herself,
                                                                                                     8
keeps talking for a long   When asking people to introduce themselves, clearly say that
time                       this is just to get some basic facts: For example,
                           Please tell us about whom you are caregiving for, what the patient's state
                           is, and mention a couple of your major problems. We will discuss the
                           problems in more detail later; this is just an introduction so that we all
                           get to know each other
                           If the problem happens:
                              Ask her to stick to bare facts to begin with
                              Summarize her situation
                              Assure her more detailed discussions will follow


Caregiver starts              Thank her for sharing
describing a problem
                              Say this will be very useful a discussion when the other
very far removed from
                               topic is being discussed
the topic being
discussed                     If the caregiver is overwhelmed, suggest that you will talk
                               to her later about this, or that this problem can be
                               discussed after the current topic discussion is over
Caregiver monopolizes      To reduce the probability of this, state in the beginning
the discussion (for        that we want everyone to participate, and that every
example, she just keeps    participant is important.
interrupting everyone to   If a participant monopolizes, acknowledge the overwhelm
"share" her story/         of the participant, and thank them for sharing, and then do
problem/ suggestion,       one or more of the following, as appropriate:
often in a long-winded
way, unconnected to the       If the monopolizing participant is talking of some very
current discussion)            emotionally overwhelming problem, assure her that you
                               will discuss the problem later
                              Remind the person that you are discussing a different
                               topic
                              Quickly summarize the main point of what the
                               monopolizing person is saying, and look around at other
                               participants and ask them for comments
                              If the monopolize continues to talk, interrupt, point out
                               that you are sure others want to talk, too, and again ask
                               others for comments
                              Switch to a speak-by-turn mode, where the monopolizing
                               participant is towards the end of the circle

                                                                                                        9
   Do not make eye contact with the monopolizing
                               person, Instead, look around and talk to others. That
                               makes it difficult for the person to continue talking
                              You may need to act firmly if the person just doesn't stop
                               trying to monopolize
A participant starts       Gently say that this is not the forum for medical advice
insisting that her         (unless an expert is present), and:
suggestion is the right
                                that most situations are too complex for us
one (use of a particular
                                  laypersons to know what works and what doesn't
herb/ medicine/
technique). OR the                while a solution may have worked for the participant
participant starts                 giving the advice, it may or may not be advisable for
prescribing a medicine             others.
to another or claiming
                                For any advice of this sort, the specific situation
that a medicine is wrong
                                 needs to be known, and that only experts can
                                 comment, but that this data about a treatment/
                                 technique could be used by others to find out more
                                 details and check suitability for their own cases later.
A participant starts       Tell them that this is good, but you are sure everyone is
lecturing another on       trying their best under their circumstances. Let us, instead,
"love" and "duty" and      look for ways to make caregiving easier and less stressful so
"patience" for the         that we can all do it better. Do not let such preachy talk
patient                    continue.
Someone makes a funny      Depending on how the others respond, you can:
comment that is
                                  Ignore it and continue
inappropriate/ hurtful
                                  Say gently that others may be concerned about the
                                   topic and serious about it, so maybe we can focus on
                                   the discussion right now
A participant does not     Check the participant's body language. If the participant is
open her mouth             reluctant, do not put any pressure. But if you feel she is being
                           shy, then you can prompt for a comment. Do not directly
                           name the participant or point at her, but look in her direction
                           and ask questions, such as:
                                  Do you have anything to share about this discussion
                                  Do you have any comments or suggestions about this
                                   problem
                                  Add a "It is okay if you don't have any comments
                                   right now," to make sure there is no pressure

                                                                                              10
If the person remains silent, but you feel she wanted to ask
                          something (and hesitated), approach her during a break, or
                          after the meeting, and check whether she has any concerns
                          she wanted to discuss. Again, do not put pressure. Some
                          people speak less than others, and also take more time to feel
                          comfortable about speaking, but may still be benefitting from
                          the meeting by hearing people discuss.
No one is speaking        Some silence happens when people are trying to grasp
                          something, or after a member has become emotional.
                          But if the silence stretches out too long, you can break it by
                          the following:
                                 Ask people whether they have any comments of what
                                  was just discussed
                                 Switch the topic to another one, and ask open-ended
                                  questions, or present a new concept or situation and
                                  ask for responses
                                 Give everyone a paper slip and ask them to write
                                  down one or two questions or concerns they have
A participant is very     Some amount of expression of anger and frustration is
agitated or angry about   natural in a support group, but beyond a point, it makes
something                 others uncomfortable. If you feel the anger is distracting the
                          others and making the meeting unproductive for everyone,
                          you can:
                                 Acknowledge the situation that provoked anger, and
                                  ask others in the group what they feel about it, and
                                  what solutions they have
                                 Give the person a few minutes to feel better before
                                  continuing the discussion, and reassure the person
                                  that everyone is trying to help
                                 Acknowledge the upset that the person is feeling, say
                                  you will discuss this later, and move on to another
                                  topic
A participant starts      Some amount of sobbing is natural in most emotional
crying                    support forums. Usually, people allow for such crying and
                          accept it, but after a point, they are uncomfortable. Give the
                          person time and privacy, assuring her this is normal. Move
                          over to discussing the topic with others. After a while, ask the
                          person who was crying whether she is feeling better, and


                                                                                             11
whether she wants to talk more right now.
Some participants start a Side talking creates pockets within a group, and makes people
side-talk                 feel excluded. Ask the persons who have formed this side-
                          talk group whether they'd like to share what they are
                          discussing, or could they please join the main discussion
                          instead. Be polite but firm about this.

                                            ***




                                                                                          12

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Dementia Support Group (In-person): Draft Approach/ Guidance Document

  • 1. In-person Dementia Support Group Meeting Guidance Document V0.2 (draft) dated December 18, 2011, @Swapna Kishore (cyber.swapnakishore@gmail.com) This is a working draft prepared by Swapna Kishore. This version is for generating discussion and collecting feedback and suggestions and is not a formal release. The final version will be released under Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC-SA Contents The purpose of this document: ...................................................................................................... 1 Aims of a support group meeting:.................................................................................................. 1 Decisions related to support group meetings ................................................................................. 2 The Coordinator's role: .................................................................................................................. 3 Essential personal traits and knowledge of coordinators................................................................ 5 Desirable advisors/ experts for the coordinator ............................................................................. 6 Desirable resource base for the coordinator .................................................................................. 6 More on the actual conducting of the meeting .............................................................................. 6 Orienting to the caregiver's perspective: things a coordinator may need to consider while coordinating a caregiver support group: .................................................................................... 6 Understanding why people attend SGMs ................................................................................... 7 Some do's and don'ts while speaking ......................................................................................... 8 Some tricky situations and possible ways to handle them .......................................................... 8 The purpose of this document: To describe the skills and activities of a coordinator of a face-to-face support group meeting of dementia caregivers. Aims of a support group meeting: To provide dementia caregivers a meeting place that:  Provides them a sense of community so that they understand that caregiving problems are faced by others also, and that they are not alone  Allows exchange of useful experiences and practical tips and resources, so that they have information and ideas on how to tackle their individual problems better 1
  • 2. Allows them a time to relax and feel free of caregiver stress  Respects their privacy so that they can speak without hesitation about their problems and are not scared that what they say will be used outside and embarrass them  Does not judge them or criticize them or make them feel small or inadequate in any way  Makes the caregivers feel heard, respected, and valued  Does not mislead them in any way with respect to miracle cures or by implying that their problems are simpler and will go away easily; the meeting provides a balanced picture of what to expect and what the benefits of various shared tips may be  The specific focus of a particular meeting may be informational support or emotional support, or a mix of the two (see Focus of support below) Decisions related to support group meetings Focus of support (could be a mix, with one hour reserved for one type, and another for another type, but the decision on the time division needs to be taken before the meeting so that participants have realistic expectations and the coordinators can also manage appropriately)  Without any agenda--mainly any type of experience sharing--typically a drop-in meeting often held at the same time every month--focus is on emotional support around a specific aspect of caregiving  With a specific topic around which the experience sharing revolves; the coordinator and/ or an invited expert keeps the discussion on track and also provides overall tips at various places--focus is on emotional and informational support around a specific aspect of caregiving  An expert gives a presentation on a specific topic, and caregivers can share experiences/ ask questions related to that topic-- focus is on informational support around a specific aspect of caregiving Types of forums: Some decisions need to be taken in advance: Should the group be open or closed:  Closed group: a continuing forum, where only the same set of caregivers attend (this allows covering a range of topics for both emotional and informational support, with bonding between participants, but excludes new caregivers from joining in till the next forum starts)  Open group: a walk-in forum, where some caregivers may continue, and new ones may join (this sometimes requires repeated introductions and content may get repetitive for old-timers, but the forum allows mixing old participants and new, and can lead to a lot of experience and tip sharing) Number of participants: 2
  • 3. The coordinators may choose to stop publicity/ invitations if the group size seems too large, or they may split the group into two or more to keep each group manageable. The group size chosen depends on the comfort of the coordinator--a very small group may not provide enough width of experience, but a large group may not allow everyone a chance to speak and share, and can be intimidating. Tentative recommendation is a size of 8 to 15. Other logistics: Location: The location may be a fixed one, or rotated with every meeting. It could be a hired place, or part of a hospital, or someone's house. There are pros and cons for all decisions, and the evaluation needs to be done based on the convenience of the expected participants, and how comfortable they will find the venue. Not everyone may want to meet in the house of someone, for example, and finding out the comfort levels can be done by giving multiple choices and asking them which they would prefer. Duration of the meeting: Typical duration is 1.5 to 2 hours, but the chosen duration should take into account the scope of the meeting (for example, if the meeting combines a presentation and an experience sharing session, it may need to be longer) and the convenience of the participants. Date and time: Usually meetings are arranged during the daytime (afternoon or early evening), so that commuting is not a problem, and often they are on weekends, so that participants don't need to take leave from work, and homebound participants can leave the patient under the care of other family members. A quick, informal survey will help the coordinator decide. Sometimes, the date and time is determined by the availability of an invited expert Frequency of meeting: Again, it depends on the participants, but less frequent than one month is unlikely to help, and more often than once a fortnight may be impractical for people to come. Announcement of the meeting: This needs to be done well in advance, as well as reinforced by a reminder closer to the actual date. E-mails and phone calls, and announcements on websites and blogs are usually used, but these assume that the targeted participants are already aware of the organizers and are in touch. More persons can be informed through social media, and through newspaper announcements (city event pages); these may attract caregivers who want support and were not aware that such a caregiver community exists. The Coordinator's role:  Decisions related to meeting scope and focus  Manage the logistics before the meeting 3
  • 4. Coordinate participation during the meeting: o Facilitate: Help the group meets its purpose by using various ways to provide relevant information to the participants, to encourage participants, guide them along, help them, manage challenging group situations, etc. o Moderate: Make sure that the discussions remain respectful and productive, and do not get offensive/ judgmental/ personal in a way that hurts any caregiver or shuts a person up  Consolidate lessons and do required follow-up after the meeting Logistics before the meeting  Do the background administration to announce the meeting, and to ensure that all participants are informed of the time, place, and directions, and have some idea of what to expect  Make the location ready for the meeting (typically, arrange chairs in a circle for emotional support focus, and in a lecture room format for an informational presentation focus), arrange for tea, water, biscuits, writing pads and pens, whiteboards, etc. Keep any required material (books, pamphlets) handy for circulation  In case an expert is invited, coordinate for receiving the expert, and also providing any required projector/ whiteboard, etc., photocopying any handouts During the meeting:  Ask participants to give their names, contact information, etc. , on a meeting log sheet  Kick off the meeting by welcoming participants, explaining the scope and purpose, and reinforcing the privacy aspect and the *it is not medical advice or personalized counseling* aspect  For experience sharing sessions, begin coordinating the introductions and then manage the discussion as required  For expert presentation sessions, introduce the expert  During experience sharing/ question-answer sessions, ensure that the aims of the support group meeting are met and that any deviation from them is corrected immediately  Track and bring closure to any queries raised during the meeting, either by answering questions, or declaring that they will be tackled as part of follow-up activities  At the end, wrap up the discussion, thank people, and let them know about any material you will be emailing to them later  If possible, gather feedback on what the participants felt about the meeting, and how the meeting can be made more useful to them  If relevant, gather suggestions on subsequent meetings 4
  • 5. Consolidate lessons and do required follow-up after the meeting  Provide participants with any material(or answers to queries) that was promised during the meeting  Analyze what happened to learn how to handle meetings better in future  Analyze what happened to gather overall tips for caregivers than can be collected to create material and resources that could help other caregivers Essential personal traits and knowledge of coordinators  Genuine involvement and interest in caregiver welfare  A positive and empathetic attitude towards caregivers: o Compassion and empathy for caregivers o Patience (even if a caregiver keeps repeating the same problem again and again, in unrelated discussions, or acts insistent for attention or keeps saying "nothing works" and seems closed to suggestions) o Respect for the caregivers, regardless of the gender, financial status, social skills, ability to speak well, way of dressing, religion and region and race, even the caregiver's apparent lack of love or care for the patient (or downright hatred for the patient) o Some basic knowledge of caregiver skills and stress avoidance o Some basic understanding of what the typical home care challenges are, and how caregivers feel  An open, non-judgmental, and honest attitude while listening and discussing o Non-judgmental about the care being given (even if it seems neglect, lacking creativity, full of impatience, etc.) o Ability to observe the caregivers' body language and expressions and stay attentive. A good listener. o Honesty in stating things, and sensitivity while talking o A good communicator, who is reasonably articulate while explaining things o Considerate and diplomatic (ability to phrase suggestions and comments in ways that are positive and constructive and yet do not make the caregiver feel guilty or blamed for past "mistakes")  Knowledge of dementia, related behavior, and of care approaches, skills and issues o Good grounding of dementia fundamentals (should know enough to conduct a dementia awareness program independently o Good grounding of essential dementia caregiving skills, such as communication, helping in daily activities, handling challenging behavior, use of activities, 5
  • 6. reminiscence therapy, pros and cons of tools like distraction, fiblets, validation, aspects like family coordination and conflicts, adapting home, social environment impact on care, seeking help, etc. o Enough base of interactions with caregivers and experts to be able to fit in caregiver stories in the overall dementia care framework and thus moderate the discussion to keep it useful and productive, while emphasizing that there is no "one size fits all"  Conflict management skills o Ability to handle conflict in the group with gentleness. Ability to direct the conversation or take control of the conversation when needed  Ability to clearly state the goals and limitations of the meeting, along with a good understanding of what a support group meeting can help with, and what it should not attempt to do. A good understanding of the limitations of the coordinator's own ability to help, and of the limitations of the support group meeting as a forum to help others Desirable advisors/ experts for the coordinator The support group coordinator should ideally have access to  Some medical experts who can help the coordinator understand at least some basics if the coordinator wants to understand hem/ or someone the coordinator can refer the caregivers to  Some expert caregiver-counselors or other trained counselors who can help the coordinator review what happened in a meeting and discuss how a tricky situation could have been handled, or to give the coordinator a realistic understanding of the caregiver perspectives and problems Desirable resource base for the coordinator The support group coordinator should ideally have access to  Material and pamphlets that can be circulated to inform caregivers about dementia and relevant care skills and tips  Videos to demonstrate possible behavior challenges, and also to show application of various skills (such as in taped role plays or instructional videos).  Videos to demonstrate essential home nursing skills (applicable for advanced stage patients) More on the actual conducting of the meeting Orienting to the caregiver's perspective: things a coordinator may need to consider while coordinating a caregiver support group:  The caregivers did not study for, or plan to become caregivers. They had their own ambitions, education, skills, etc., and this is an unexpected role they are doing 6
  • 7. Caregiving is not theoretical for them; they are seeing a family member suffer and are emotionally involved and affected  The caregiver may not have had a loving relationship with the patient (like an autocratic mother/ mother-in-law, abusive or negligent father, etc.) This makes caregiving even more difficult  Caregiving takes up a lot of time, energy, and money  Caregivers may not be sharing their personal situation fully in a meeting, so it is wrong to assume that they are not trying hard enough based on what they say publicly. For example, they may not share some embarrassing behaviors of the patients (sexual misbehavior, playing with fecal matter, severe incontinence) or some of their own limitations (family conflicts, economic hardship, abuse by family members, etc.) out of shame or a sense of privacy.  Caregiving is, even now, not the only role the caregiver plays. There are other responsibilities towards elders, spouse, kids, and also other roles, like career, social roles, etc. There may be health problems and the effects of long-term stress.  Caregivers are skilled and creative in their own spheres, even if they seem overwhelmed by caregiving (which was an unexpected role for them and they are not trained for it) Understanding why people attend SGMs Different people come with different needs and expectations to an SGM. Understanding the sorts of needs they have will help the coordinator be more effective in facilitation and moderations. Note that some expectations that people have cannot be met by the meeting, and some may even be disruptive to the group, and the coordinator may need to decide how to handle these expectations given the scope and focus of the meeting. Some reasons that caregivers may be attending a meeting for are:  They want information about the disease (what it is, the symptoms, what to expect, why the patient behaves in a particular way, what the patient feels, treatments, whether the condition is infectious, who are the good doctors, how to improve the quality of life of the patient)  They want to share their practical problems and are looking for solutions and resources  They want company of others like them, just so that they don't feel they are alone in doing such work  They are facing stigma/ social problems (or financial problems, or other problems in their own life balance) because of the patient and wonder how others are coping.  They are tired and frustrated and full of resentment because of the problems they are facing while coping with the patient, the system, the family, the doctors, the medical companies, the attendants, etc. They may just want to express their frustration and anger and may not be expecting solutions. They may even pick holes in any solution or tip 7
  • 8. offered, because their main need is to be heard unconditionally; they want everyone to understand that they are facing a tough deal which has no answers  They are stressed and want magical solutions, but are also sure nothing can help them.  They don't really believe the diagnosis and suspect the doctor has misled them and that the patient is pretending, or that the doctor has misled them and that the patient is therefore not getting the right treatment and suffering, and they want confirmation of this Some do's and don'ts while speaking Do Don't  Acknowledge problems caregivers state  Don't criticize mistakes made  Show appreciation for their sharing/  Don't use "you" for critical sentences problem. Look for something positive to which may seem like fault-finding appreciate even if they are sharing a major  Don't speak as if you know what is best mistake. For example, you can appreciate and your solutions are obvious and will the caregiver's effort, the caregiver's love solve all problems and concern about the patient, or the caregiver's opening up about the problem  Don't use phrases like "it is your duty" and and looking for suggestions "you must love" and "they looked after you, now it is your turn"  When giving a suggestion, always state that every person's situation is different, and  Don't act over-sympathetic or pitying. that your suggestion may or may not help,  Don't, in any way, show any doubt about and that it is for the caregiver to decide the motives or intention or commitment of whether to follow the suggestion the caregivers  Place any suggestion in context rather than  Don't assume that all the caregiver's time making it sound like the best/ only and energy is available for implementing solution better caregiving solutions  Emphasize that the caregiver had no way of knowing in advance that her approach would not work/ that there is another approach  Talk to caregivers with respect, like they are competent and hardworking persons with the right intention and with commitment to caregiving Some tricky situations and possible ways to handle them What happens Options to try out Caregiver, when asked To reduce the probability of this: to introduce herself, 8
  • 9. keeps talking for a long When asking people to introduce themselves, clearly say that time this is just to get some basic facts: For example, Please tell us about whom you are caregiving for, what the patient's state is, and mention a couple of your major problems. We will discuss the problems in more detail later; this is just an introduction so that we all get to know each other If the problem happens:  Ask her to stick to bare facts to begin with  Summarize her situation  Assure her more detailed discussions will follow Caregiver starts  Thank her for sharing describing a problem  Say this will be very useful a discussion when the other very far removed from topic is being discussed the topic being discussed  If the caregiver is overwhelmed, suggest that you will talk to her later about this, or that this problem can be discussed after the current topic discussion is over Caregiver monopolizes To reduce the probability of this, state in the beginning the discussion (for that we want everyone to participate, and that every example, she just keeps participant is important. interrupting everyone to If a participant monopolizes, acknowledge the overwhelm "share" her story/ of the participant, and thank them for sharing, and then do problem/ suggestion, one or more of the following, as appropriate: often in a long-winded way, unconnected to the  If the monopolizing participant is talking of some very current discussion) emotionally overwhelming problem, assure her that you will discuss the problem later  Remind the person that you are discussing a different topic  Quickly summarize the main point of what the monopolizing person is saying, and look around at other participants and ask them for comments  If the monopolize continues to talk, interrupt, point out that you are sure others want to talk, too, and again ask others for comments  Switch to a speak-by-turn mode, where the monopolizing participant is towards the end of the circle 9
  • 10. Do not make eye contact with the monopolizing person, Instead, look around and talk to others. That makes it difficult for the person to continue talking  You may need to act firmly if the person just doesn't stop trying to monopolize A participant starts Gently say that this is not the forum for medical advice insisting that her (unless an expert is present), and: suggestion is the right  that most situations are too complex for us one (use of a particular laypersons to know what works and what doesn't herb/ medicine/ technique). OR the  while a solution may have worked for the participant participant starts giving the advice, it may or may not be advisable for prescribing a medicine others. to another or claiming  For any advice of this sort, the specific situation that a medicine is wrong needs to be known, and that only experts can comment, but that this data about a treatment/ technique could be used by others to find out more details and check suitability for their own cases later. A participant starts Tell them that this is good, but you are sure everyone is lecturing another on trying their best under their circumstances. Let us, instead, "love" and "duty" and look for ways to make caregiving easier and less stressful so "patience" for the that we can all do it better. Do not let such preachy talk patient continue. Someone makes a funny Depending on how the others respond, you can: comment that is  Ignore it and continue inappropriate/ hurtful  Say gently that others may be concerned about the topic and serious about it, so maybe we can focus on the discussion right now A participant does not Check the participant's body language. If the participant is open her mouth reluctant, do not put any pressure. But if you feel she is being shy, then you can prompt for a comment. Do not directly name the participant or point at her, but look in her direction and ask questions, such as:  Do you have anything to share about this discussion  Do you have any comments or suggestions about this problem  Add a "It is okay if you don't have any comments right now," to make sure there is no pressure 10
  • 11. If the person remains silent, but you feel she wanted to ask something (and hesitated), approach her during a break, or after the meeting, and check whether she has any concerns she wanted to discuss. Again, do not put pressure. Some people speak less than others, and also take more time to feel comfortable about speaking, but may still be benefitting from the meeting by hearing people discuss. No one is speaking Some silence happens when people are trying to grasp something, or after a member has become emotional. But if the silence stretches out too long, you can break it by the following:  Ask people whether they have any comments of what was just discussed  Switch the topic to another one, and ask open-ended questions, or present a new concept or situation and ask for responses  Give everyone a paper slip and ask them to write down one or two questions or concerns they have A participant is very Some amount of expression of anger and frustration is agitated or angry about natural in a support group, but beyond a point, it makes something others uncomfortable. If you feel the anger is distracting the others and making the meeting unproductive for everyone, you can:  Acknowledge the situation that provoked anger, and ask others in the group what they feel about it, and what solutions they have  Give the person a few minutes to feel better before continuing the discussion, and reassure the person that everyone is trying to help  Acknowledge the upset that the person is feeling, say you will discuss this later, and move on to another topic A participant starts Some amount of sobbing is natural in most emotional crying support forums. Usually, people allow for such crying and accept it, but after a point, they are uncomfortable. Give the person time and privacy, assuring her this is normal. Move over to discussing the topic with others. After a while, ask the person who was crying whether she is feeling better, and 11
  • 12. whether she wants to talk more right now. Some participants start a Side talking creates pockets within a group, and makes people side-talk feel excluded. Ask the persons who have formed this side- talk group whether they'd like to share what they are discussing, or could they please join the main discussion instead. Be polite but firm about this. *** 12