A sketch on mobile communication generations

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Overview of - various technologies used, Features and drawbacks of
0G
Technology
1G
Technology
2G,2.5G,2.75G
Technologies
3G
Technology
4G,4G+
Technologies
5G
Technology

3. • Mobile Radio Telephone system
• Pre cellular system
• Half duplex communications
• Frequency - 147.9 – 154.875 MHz band
• Did not support handover
• Technologies Used – PTT,MTS,IMTS,AMTS
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TRANCEIVER TRANCEIVER
DATA AT TIME 1
DATA AT TIME 2

4. • Used analog signal
• Voice signals
• Operated on FDMA
• Frequency range – 900MHz
• Offered handover
• Unable to interoperate between countries
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Cleared Spectrum
-Exclusive for mobile communication
Frequency reuse
-Geographical separations
Coordinated network
-Provided mobility

6. • Requires large gap of spectrum between users to
avoid interference
• low capacity unreliable handoff
• Roaming was not applicable outside of the UK
–All of Europe was using different standards
-Different frequencies
-Different frequency spacing
-Different encoding technologies
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Consumed Channel
-1 user per channel

7. • Based on digital technologies
• Digital standards –DAMPS,GSM,PDC
• Digitally encrypted
• Technologies Used- TDMA,CDMA
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8. • makes use of a CODEC to compress and
multiplex digital voice data
• less battery power
• Improved voice clarity
• international roaming
• Circuit switched data at a speed of 14.4kbps
• short message service was introduced
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10. • Uses TDMA
• Technology used- GPRS
• packet switched domain in addition to circuit
switched domain
• provides data rates of 56–114 Kbit/second
• Enhanced Data rates for GSM
Evolution (EDGE) Technology-2.75 G
• offers wireless multimedia IP-based services
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12. • Transfer voice data and non voice data
simultaneously
• AIM: more coverage with minimum investment
• Data transmission speed 2MBPS
• Applications:
internet
email
fax
 ecommerce
video conferencing.
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13. Features Enhancement over 2.5G
Enhanced audio and video streaming
Several times higher data speed
Video conferencing support
Web and wap browsing at higher speed
Drawbacks Challenging infrastructure
High bandwidth required
Expensive phone
High spectrum licensing fee
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15. • Ultra broadband speed
• Data rate - 100mbps to 1gbps
• Uses OFDM
• 2 major technology
1) WiMAX
—Wireless with board band
2)Long Term Evolution(LTE)
—High data rate ,low latency ,packet optimized radio
technology
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16. • New architecture designed -mobility with
minimum latency
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18. • Comprises of LTE advanced and mobile
WIMAX advanced
• LTE Advanced
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Wider
bandwidth
Higher data
rates
More
Antennas
Higher
spectral
efficiency
HetNets
High spectral
efficiency per
coverage area

19. 51%
29%
3%
5% 12%
September 2015
GSM HSPA TD-SCDMA CDMA LTE
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20. • Real wireless world
• WWWW: World Wide Wireless Web
• AIM:
– Terminal and core network to dynamically
reconfigured
– Change their communication functions depending
on network and/or user demands
• Data rate Up to 1gbps
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21. Cognitive Radio (CR)-
New ways of Using
Spectrum
Software Defined Radio
(SDR)-Reconfigurability
enabler
Reconfigurable-
Interoperability between
several types of wireless
access network
Cloud computing Nanotechnology
Network Energy
Efficiency
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Mobile radio Telephone
Analog telecommunication
Digital telecommunication
Analogy and digital simultaneously
Mobile broadband Internet access
Internet of things
0G
1G
2G
3G
4G
5G

23. • http://www.ijcaonline.org/volume5/number4/pxc3871282.pdf
• http://www.cleardoubts.com/technology/what-is-mobile-radio-telephone-
system-or-0g-and-what-is-0-5g/
• http://airccse.org/journal/ijngn/papers/4312ijngn02.pdf
• http://www.ijcsit.com/docs/Volume%206/vol6issue03/ijcsit20150603123.pdf
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/93686537/4G-5G-and-its-beyond-technology-
6G#scribd
• http://www.learn.geekinterview.com/it/wireless/what-is-2-5g-
technology.html
• http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/channels/wireless/training/mobilewirelessto
morrow2.html
• https://www.thinksmallcell.com/Opinion/mobile-network-statistics-for-
2016.html
• http://www.statista.com/statistics/226085/global-2g-mobile-subscriber-
forecast/
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