The document discusses various types of job attitudes, including job involvement, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, employee engagement, perceived organizational support, and deviant workplace behavior. It also covers how employees can express dissatisfaction through exit, voice, neglect, or loyalty. The document then discusses values, including terminal and instrumental values. It covers applying the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to organizational contexts and its four dimensions of extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving. Finally, it provides descriptions of the 16 personality types indicated by the MBTI.

1. Job attitudes

2. Types of Job Attitudes
Job Involvement
Identifying with the job, actively participating in it, and
considering performance important to self-worth
Organizational Commitment
Identifying with a particular organization and its goals,
and wishing to maintain membership in the organization
(Affective, Normative, and Continuance Commitment)
Job Satisfaction
A collection of positive and/or negative feelings that an
individual holds toward his or her job

3. © 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Types of Attitudes, cont’d
Employee Engagement
An individual’s involvement with, satisfaction with, and
enthusiasm for the organization
Perceived Organizational Support (POS)
Degree to which employees feel the organization cares
about their well-being
Deviant workplace Behaviour
An individual’s indulging in destructive behaviour

4. How Employees Can Express Dissatisfaction
Exit
Behavior directed toward
leaving the organization
Voice
Active and constructive
attempts to improve
conditions
Neglect
Allowing conditions to
worsen
Loyalty
Passively waiting for
conditions to improve

5. Values
Basic convictions on how to conduct yourself or how to
live your life that is personally or socially preferable –
“How To” live life properly.
Attributes of Values:
Content Attribute – that the mode of conduct or end-
state is important
Intensity Attribute – just how important that content is.
Value System
A person’s values rank ordered by intensity
Tends to be relatively constant and consistent
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4-5

6. Importance of Values
Provide understanding of the attitudes,
motivation, and behaviors
Influence our perception of the world
around us
Represent interpretations of “right” and
“wrong”
Imply that some behaviors or outcomes
are preferred over others
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rights reserved.
4-6

7. Classifying Values – Rokeach Value
Survey
Terminal Values
Desirable end-states of existence; the goals that a
person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime
Instrumental Values
Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving
one’s terminal values
People in same occupations or categories tend to hold
similar values
But values vary between groups
Value differences make it difficult for groups to
negotiate and may create conflict4-7

8. Value Differences Between Groups
© 2009 Prentice-Hall Inc. All
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4-8
Source: Based on W. C. Frederick and J. Weber, “The Values of Corporate Managers and Their Critics: An Empirical Description and Normative
Implications,” in W. C. Frederick and L. E. Preston (eds.) Business Ethics: Research Issues and Empirical Studies (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press,
1990), pp. 123–44.
E X H I B I T 4–4E X H I B I T 4–4

9. MBTI

10. MBTI History
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® was developed by
Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother, Katharine Cook
Briggs, to make C.G. Jung's theory of psychological type
practical and useful in people's lives.
MBTI is one of the most widely used personality
instruments in the world. Its ease of use, high statistical
validity and reliability make it one the most respected
personality instruments that exist.
The test/retest measurement is very accurate, in 75% of
cases, individuals will test the same in 3 of the 4
dimensions.

11. Application of MBTI in organizational context
The MBTI has applications in diagnosing organisational
issues, teamwork (particularly quality systems),
communication, counselling, careers, strategic thinking,
performance appraisal, leadership and stress
management
Organizations themselves also have a type. The type
code can be a shorthand for the way things are done
around here e.g. a bank that is procedures driven
hierarchical bottom line operation can be described as
ISTJ; an entrepreneurial, flexible actively changing
organization like a merchant bank can be seen as ENTP

12. Dimensions
4 dimensions
4*4 sub dimensions

13. Flow of energy
Extraverted: Outward
Focus
Social able
Outgoing
Friendly
Need to expend their
energy to the outside
world.
They focus on the
"object”
Introverted-Inward Focus
Reserved
 private
 quiet
need to expend their
energy internally
 have their share of
private time to recharge
their batteries
They focus on the
"subject".

14. Information collecting style
Sensors: Focus on
what is tangible
Discreet
Present
Realistic
Actual
Fact
Specific
Intuitive : Focus on
what is abstract
Random
Future
Conceptual
Theoretical
Fantasy
General

15. Decision making style
THINKING: Focus on logic
Far more critical and
analytical
judgments based of
subjective logic (or
personal biases).
decisions without
including their personal
beliefs and values
Approach most situations
more "scientifically”
Firm Minded
Detached
FEELING: Focus on emotions
decisions subjectively
more in tune with others
'feelings and emotional
needs than thinkers
Are not as well developed
logically
expend lots of energy in
their desire to meet and
understand other peoples'
emotional state.
Tender Hearted
Humane

16. Lifestyle that we prefer-orientations
PRECIEVING: Focus on
flexibility
Pending
Wait and See
Flexible
Adapt
Openness
Tentative
What deadlines?
Spontaneous
JUDGER -Focus on
decision
Resolved
Decided
Fixed
Difficulty in adapting
Closed
Definite
Deadline
 schedule

17. Various Personality Types

18. ISTJ - The Duty Fulfillers
Serious and quiet, interested in security and peaceful
living.
Extremely thorough, responsible, and dependable.
Well-developed powers of concentration.
Usually interested in supporting and promoting traditions
and establishments. Well-organized and hard working,
they work steadily towards identified goals.
They can usually accomplish any task once they have
set their mind to it.

19. ISTP - The Mechanics
Quiet and reserved, interested in how and why things
work.
Excellent skills with mechanical things. Risk-takers who
they live for the moment.
Usually interested in and talented at extreme sports.
Uncomplicated in their desires.
Loyal to their peers and to their internal value systems,
but not overly concerned with respecting laws and rules
if they get in the way of getting something done.
Detached and analytical, they excel at finding solutions
to practical problems.

20. ISFJ - The Nurturers
Quiet, kind, and conscientious. Can be depended on to
follow through.
Usually puts the needs of others above their own needs.
Stable and practical, they value security and traditions.
Well-developed sense of space and function.
Rich inner world of observations about people.
Extremely perceptive of other's feelings. Interested in
serving others.

21. ISFP- The Artists
Quiet, serious, sensitive and kind.
 Do not like conflict, and not likely to do things which may
generate conflict.
Loyal and faithful. Extremely well-developed senses, and
aesthetic appreciation for beauty.
Not interested in leading or controlling others.
Flexible and open-minded.
Likely to be original and creative. Enjoy the present
moment.

22. INFJ- The Protectors
Quietly forceful, original, and sensitive.
Tend to stick to things until they are done.
Extremely intuitive about people, and concerned for their
feelings.
Well-developed value systems which they strictly adhere
to.
Well-respected for their perseverance in doing the right
thing.
Likely to be individualistic, rather than leading or
following.

23. INFP -The Idealists
Quiet, reflective, and idealistic. Interested in serving
humanity.
Well-developed value system, which they strive to live in
accordance with.
 Extremely loyal.
Adaptable and laid-back unless a strongly-held value is
threatened.
Usually talented writers. Mentally quick, and able to see
possibilities.
Interested in understanding and helping people.

24. INTJ- The Scientists
 Independent, original, analytical, and determined.
 Have an exceptional ability to turn theories into solid
plans of action. Highly value knowledge, competence,
and structure.
 Driven to derive meaning from their visions. Long-
range thinkers.
 Have very high standards for their performance, and
the performance of others.
 Natural leaders, but will follow if they trust existing
leaders.

25. INTP -The Thinkers
Logical, original, creative thinkers. Can become very
excited about theories and ideas.
Exceptionally capable and driven to turn theories into
clear understandings. Highly value knowledge,
competence and logic.
 Quiet and reserved, hard to get to know well.
 Individualistic, having no interest in leading or following
others.

26. ESTP-The Doers
 Friendly, adaptable, action-oriented. "Doers" who are
focused on immediate results.
Living in the here-and-now, they're risk-takers who live
fast-paced lifestyles. Impatient with long explanations.
 Extremely loyal to their peers, but not usually respectful
of laws and rules if they get in the way of getting things
done.
Great people skills.

27. ESTJ-The Guardians
Practical, traditional, and organized. Likely to be athletic.
Not interested in theory or abstraction unless they see
the practical application.
Have clear visions of the way things should be.
Loyal and hard-working.
Like to be in charge.
Exceptionally capable in organizing and running
activities.
"Good citizens" who value security and peaceful living.

28. ESFP-The Performers
People-oriented and fun-loving, they make things more
fun for others by their enjoyment.
Living for the moment, they love new experiences.
They dislike theory and impersonal analysis.
Interested in serving others.
Likely to be the center of attention in social situations.
Well-developed common sense and practical ability.

29. ESFJ -The Caregivers
Warm-hearted, popular, and conscientious.
Tend to put the needs of others over their own needs.
Feel strong sense of responsibility and duty.
Value traditions and security. Interested in serving
others. Need positive reinforcement to feel good about
themselves.
Well-developed sense of space and function.

30. ENFP-The Inspirers
Enthusiastic, idealistic, and creative.
 Able to do almost anything that interests them.
Great people skills.
Need to live life in accordance with their inner values.
 Excited by new ideas, but bored with details.
Open-minded and flexible, with a broad range of
interests and abilities.

31. ENFJ -The Givers
Popular and sensitive, with outstanding people skills.
Externally focused, with real concern for how others
think and feel.
Usually dislike being alone.
They see everything from the human angle, and dislike
impersonal analysis.
Very effective at managing people issues, and leading
group discussions.
Interested in serving others, and probably place the
needs of others over their own needs

32. ENTP- The Visionaries
Creative, resourceful, and intellectually quick.
Good at a broad range of things.
Enjoy debating issues, and may be into "one-up-man
ship".
They get very excited about new ideas and projects, but
may neglect the more routine aspects of life.
Generally outspoken and assertive.
They enjoy people and are stimulating company.
Excellent ability to understand concepts and apply logic
to find solutions.

33. ENTJ- The Executives
Assertive and outspoken - they are driven to lead.
Excellent ability to understand difficult organizational
problems and create solid solutions.
Intelligent and well-informed, they usually excel at public
speaking.
They value knowledge and competence, and usually
have little patience with inefficiency or disorganization

34. MBTI prayers
Thank You