Light Sources - Paul Scherrer Institute

Research at Paul Scherrer Institute's Large
Scale Facilities

L. Patthey

June 22, 2010
San Francisco
SWISSNEX

L. Patthey, June 22, 2010, San Francisco, swissnex San Francisco

Paul Scherrer Institute


Paul Scherrer (1890 – 1969)
–  Studied physics and
mathematics at
the Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology (ETH) Zurich, in
Königsberg and Göttingen in
Germany

–  1920: Director of The Institute
of Physics at the ETH Zurich.
Became well-known for the
clarity of his lectures

–  Researched X-ray scattering
on crystals, liquids and gases.
Later research work was in
nuclear physics

–  1946: President of the Swiss
Study Commission on Atomic
Energy

–  Involved in the founding of
CERN

Political embedding

Swiss Federal Government

EDA EDI EJPD VBS EFD EVD UVEK
Board of the Swiss Federal
Institutes of Technology

ETHZ EPFL PSI Empa WSL Eawag
Swiss Federal Swiss Federal Paul Scherrer Swiss Federal Swiss Federal Swiss Federal
Institute of Institute of Institute Laboratories Research Institute for
Technology Technology for Materials Institute for Water Resour-
Zurich Lausanne Testing Forestry, Snow ces and Water
and Landscape Pollution
Control

Universities


Research at PSI

Health Energy
Proton and
therapy Environment

Micro- Large
and scale
Nano- facilities
technology


Our Mission

–  To play a leading role at an interna/onal level in
– physics of condensed ma0er and materials sciences
– structural biology
– radiochemistry, radiopharmacy and proton radia8on therapy
– par8cle physics and accelerator developments

by using large‐scale facili/es
(SLS, SINQ, SµS, par8cle beams)

–  To be a UserLab for external science community

–  Energy research, primarily using complex facili/es, towards an eﬃcient,
environmentally friendly and reliable energy supply


Personalentwicklung in den Forschungsschwerpunkten

Development of PSI research activities des PSI
(ohne Drittmittelstellen)

1200

1000

Nuclear Energy
Personenjahre pro Jahr
Employees/year Particle Physics
800

Biology

600 General Energy

SLS
SLS (Light source)
400

Materials Research
200

SINQ SINQ (Neutrons)
0

Year
Budgetjahr


Swiss Light Source

3rd+ Generation storage ring
• 400 mA, Top-up injection
• In operation since 2001
• 17 beamlines
• 1053 experiments in 2009 (PSI: 1734)
• 3145 users in 2009 (PSI: 4526)
Main activities
• Physics of condensed matter
• Materials sciences
• Structural biology
• Micro- and Nano- Technology
• Energy and Environment

Synchrotron Analogy

Phone: SLS:
Wave length ~ 10 cm ~ 0.000’000’01 cm
Power ~ 2 Watt ~ 200’000 W

99,999’997 % Speed of light
-> directional radiation
Acceleration of charge -> Electromagnetic wave (light)


X-ray and light sources

X-Ray Source Milestones

1895 Röntgen (Würzburg)
1953 Rotating-anode (Rigaku)
1947 Synchrotron radiation (GE)
1961 1st generation synchrotron (NBS) - parasitic
1981 2nd gen. (Daresbury) - dedicated to SR
1984 3rd gen. (Grenoble) - undulators
2001 3rd+ gen. (SLS, Villigen) - high-brightness
2009 4th gen. (Stanford) - X-ray Free Electron Laser

Bending magnet

Synchrotron Radiation

Crab Nebula


Micro-bunching and coherent emission
λ Micro‐bunches radiate coherently.

E = NE1
Ini8ally uniform e‐ distribu8on (blue) Pincoh = NP1
evolves into microbunches (red). Pcoh = N 2 E12 = NPincoh
N ≈ 10 9 !!
XFEL undulator
€

€

„Self‐amplifying spontaneous emission“ (SASE)


X-Ray Source Brilliance

1024
XFEL

1021
rd
3 Generation
Average Brilliance

1018

Synchrotrons
nd
2 Generation
15
10

1012 st
1 Generation

109
X-ray tubes

106
1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010
Calendar Year
brilliance =
# photons / time / area / solid-angle / energy-bandwidth


Time resolved (Motion and shutter speed)


How fast can we go?

1/8’000 0.000’000’000’000’01 sec

10 Billion
time faster

10-4 sec 10-14 sec
1/10 msec 10 Femto sec.

Space and Time
Space

mm µm nm
ns ps fs

Time

Light as probe

Resolution:
Space→ λ
Time→ τ

λ

cτ

Light sources

Optical Laser
„Fast“ : τ = 2 fs … (0.4 fs)
„ Low res. “ : λ = 200 nm…(14 nm)

Synchrotron light

„ High res.“ : λ = 0.1 nm
„Slow“ : τ = 100.000 fs

XFEL: High res. and Fast λ = 0.1 nm, τ = 10 fs


The SwissFEL

•  hν:Mg L-edge (50 eV) - 57Fe Mössbauer resonance (14.4 keV)
•  Soft X-rays: circular polarization, transform-limited (seeding)
•  Hard X-rays: 5-20 fs (low-charge mode)
•  Synchronized THz pump source
•  100 Hz repetition rate ⇒ condensed matter applications


SwissFEL Tunnel & Building

•  Accelerator, beamlines and experiment
underground
•  Linac HF and other facilities
above ground


SwissFEL: Villigen or Würenlingen

10.11.2009


SwissFEL Milestones
Gun laser 0.25 GeV
2010 Commissioning 250 MeV Injector

Ende 2014
Realisation main building

Gun laser
2.1 GeV 3.4 GeV 5.8 GeV ARAMIS FEL 1-7 Å
Exp2

Beginning 2016, SwissFEL Phase I Laser pump

Commissioning Linear Accelerator und ARAMIS FEL
Gun laser
2.1 GeV 3.4 GeV 5.8 GeV ARAMIS FEL 1-7 Å
Exp2

2018, SwissFEL Phase II ATHOS FEL 7‐70 Å
Commissioning ATHOS FEL Seed laser Exp2 Laser pump

THz pump


SwissFEL: Cost

Target: Installation cost
Expected cost distribu/on
without manpower:

275.5 MCHF

+ pre-investment

≈ 20 MCHF

without the XFEL preparation
phase
(250 MeV Injector)

-> = 38 CHF (34 USD) / Citizen


Our Sisters...

1 km
Europe
EU-XFEL–DESY 2014

Japan
SCSS–SPring8
2011

USA
LCLS-SLAC
2009

Scientific Challenges


Correlated electrons

weak and strong
interacting electron
systems


Modern electronic properties of condense mater
Colossal magnetoresistance effect (CMR) High temperature Superconductivity
Large drop of resistivity upon relatively small magnetic No resistivity at liquid nitrogen temperature
fields

Electron energy
Emission angle


Averaging in time (slow shutter speed)


Time resolved (fast shutter speed)

Dynamics in correlated electron:
new aspect and new physics!


Lattice, Charge, Spin and Orbital orders
Lattice Charge

Orbital Spin


Resonant X-ray Scattering

Resonant X-ray (emission): Scattering (diffraction):
Chemical information Structural information

Photon Photon
In Out Back scattering angle


Time-resolved Resonant X-ray Scattering

Pump and Probe

Optical pulse from Laser
X-ray from X-FEL

ΔT

Optical Pump Pulse X-ray Probe Pulse


Time-resolved Resonant X-ray Scattering

Goal:
•  Pump: Melt charge/spin order with
op8cally phase transi8on
•  Probe: Study the dynamics which
govern charge reorganiza8on


• May 2010
Tested at ALS

• June 2010
Installation at SLAC

• July 2010
1st experiment with
LCLS (X-FEL)

W.-S. Lee, Z.X. Shen (SIMES, Stanford), Y.D. Chuang, Z. Hussain (LBL, ALS)

Fast 2-D CCD detector

•  Developed by LBNL.
•  200 frames per sec. ->Pulse-by-
pluse data collection.
•  480 by 480 array of 30 mm square
pixels
•  8o acceptance, 0.017o per pixel
•  Successfully tested at the ALS
(May 2010)


end‐sta8on at SLS, PSI
Em hv`

hv

ΔE
E f
Ei
Energy transfer: Momentum transfer:
ΔE = hv – hv`
q = kin ‐ kout

RIXS Spectrometer:


Conclusion

Learn from experience accumulated at LCLS trough collaboration and joint projects
-New physics Resonant X‐ray Sca0ering end‐sta8on for LCSL (ALS, Stanford)
-Problems and difficulties
-Share expertise

Resonant Inelas8c X‐ray Sca0ering end‐sta8on at SLS, PSI


Acknowledgment
Stanford National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), LCLS
W. Schlotter, All LCLS team
Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
Y.-D. Chuang, K. Chow, Z. Hussain
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
R. Schoenlein and R. Kaindl
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
P. Denas, D. Doering, N. Andresen
Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES)
Stanford University and National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC)
W.‐S. Lee, Z. X. Shen, T. P. Devereaux
University of Illinois
P. Abbamonte
Swiss Light Source (SLS), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)
S. L. Johnson, U. Staub, R. De Souza, P. Beaud, G. Ingold
Spectroscopy group, Swiss Light Source (SLS), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)
T. Schmitt, K. Zhou, V. Strocov
SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)
B. Patterson, R. Abela


Light Sources - Paul Scherrer Institute

Recomendados

Recomendados

Más contenido relacionado

Destacado

Destacado (8)

Similar a Light Sources - Paul Scherrer Institute

Similar a Light Sources - Paul Scherrer Institute (20)

Más de swissnex San Francisco

Más de swissnex San Francisco (20)

Último

Último (20)

Light Sources - Paul Scherrer Institute