1. TOPIC: POLITICS
BY:
SYED HAIDER ALI SHAH

2. CONTENTS
•
•
•
•
Introduction to politics
Politics of US
Politics of India
Politics of Pakistan

3. INTRODUCTION
POLITICS:
“Power relations wherever they
exist”
Micro Politics:
Power control in Everyday life of individual
Macro Politics:
Control of power at large level or
nation wide control

4. POLITICS OF USA

5. POLITICS OF UNITED STATES
Federal Government
• Executive
The President
Elected every 4 years

6. Federal Government
Legislative
Congress Elections
every 2 years
The Senate
2 members per
State.
Elections every 2
years for 33% of Senators.
A senator is elected for
6 years.
House of Representatives
Members elected according to
the population of the State.
Elections every 2 years for the
whole house

7. Federal Government
The Supreme Court
9 judges appointed by the President.
Their job is to make sure that the President
And Congress run the country according to
the US Constitution.

8. STATE GOVERNMENT
Each State has its own separate
government
There are 3 branches
•State governor
•State legislative
•State court
Responsibilities
•Police
•Education
•Transport
•Social Welfare
•Health

9. POLITICAL PARTIES
Republican Party
•
•
•
They believe in low taxation and little interference from the Federal
Government.
They encourage individuals to work hard and do not like welfare.
A party for the rich and Middle Class.

10. REPUBLICAN PRESEIDENTS
Dwight Eisenhower
1953-61
Richard Nixon
1969-74
Gerard Ford
1974-77

11. DEMOCRATIC PARTY
• Believe it is the governments duty to distribute
wealth evenly.
• They introduce higher taxation and welfare benefits.
• Their support comes from urban areas and
minorities

12. DEMOCRAT PRESIDENT
John F Kennedy
1961-63
Harry Truman1945-53
Jimmy Carter 1977-81
Lyndon B Johnson
1963-68

13. INDIAN
POLITICS

14. REPUBLIC OF INDIA
•
A federal republic with a parliamentary
system of government
•
CAPITAL: New Delhi
•
•
Population: over one billion
Growing at 1.5% a year

15. A FEDERAL SYSTEM
•
•
•
28 states and 7 centrally administered Union Territories
– 2 states are partially claimed by Pakistan and China
Relatively centralized
federal government controls the most essential government functions
– defense
– foreign policy
– taxation
– public expenditures
– economic (industrial) planning

16. POLITICAL SYSTEM

17. STAGES OF ELECTION IN
INDIA
1.
Releasing election manifesto
2.
counting of votes
3.
Making of voters list
4.
Election campaign
5.
Declaration of election results
6.
Casting of Votes
7.
Ordering of re-poll
8.
Announcing election schedule
9.
Filing Nomination

18. THE LEGISLATURE
• Parliamentary system of government
– the executive authority is responsible to the
Parliament

19. Rajya Sabha (Council of States)
•
•
•
Rajya Sabha (Council of States)
not more than 250 members
– 12 are nominated by the President of India
– the rest are indirectly elected
• by state Legislative Assemblies
The Council of States can not be dissolved
– members have terms of 6 years
– 1/3 members retire at end of every 2nd year

20. Lok Sabha
•
•
Lok Sabha (House of the People)
545 members
– 2 are appointed by the President of India
– the rest are directly elected from single-member districts
• 5-year terms unless dissolved
• Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer
– the Speaker

21. POLITICS IN PAKISTAN

22. GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN

23. Presidential Power
• President acts on advice of Prime Minister
• May adopt absolute power to dissolve National
Assembly, according to the 8th Amendment of the
constitution

24. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
The Pakistani National Assembly is the lower house of the Majlis-e-Shura, which
also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate (upper house). The
National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House
in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting
of a total of 342 members who are referred to as Members of the National
Assembly(MNAs)

25. ISLAM IN GOVERNMENT
• Increased involvement of Islam in the Pakistani
Government since 1984 Referendum
• Enforcement of Sharia or Islamic Law since 1985
• Assessment by the Shariat/Islamic Court regarding
federal laws

26. Military in Government
• The Military long standing force in Pakistani politics
• The President General Pervez Musharraf was never
elected, came to power after a military take-over of
government in 1999
• Resigned as Army Chief of Staff in November 2007

27. Negotiations & Actions in Pakistan’s Politics
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•
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Joined the international coalition against terrorism
Initiated dialogue with India regarding Kashmir dispute
Supported initiatives and contributed to reconstruction efforts in
Afghanistan
Deployed forces to counter extremism on the border between
Afghanistan and Pakistan’s tribal areas
Deepened relations with the US

28. CONCLUSION
• Politics is to control things according to desire and
constitution, we discuss politics in Macro level to
understand how nations do politics to maintain
positive relationship with each other and to work for
there respective nation…