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2   (a)



0



2

    2     0   2
2   (b)



0



2

    2     0   2
2   (b)



0



2

    2     0   2
2   (c)
    (b)



0



2

    2     0   2
2   (c)
    (d)
    (b)



0



2

    2     0   2
2   (c)
    (e)
    (d)
    (b)



0



2

    2     0   2
2   (f)
    (c)
    (e)
    (d)
    (b)



0



2

    2     0   2
2   (g)
    (f)
    (c)
    (e)
    (d)
    (b)



0



2

    2     0   2
2   (h)
    (g)
    (f)
    (c)
    (e)
    (d)
    (b)



0



2

    2     0   2
2   (i)
    (h)
    (g)
    (f)
    (c)
    (e)
    (d)
    (b)



0



2

    2     0   2
1000


 J


500




     0
         1   2   3   4
…   …
2




0




2

    2   0   (a)   2
2




0




2

    2   0   (b)
            (a)   2
2
    L=1



0




2

    2     0   (b)
              (a)
              (c)   2
2
      1
    L=2



0




2

    2     0   (d)
              (b)
              (a)
              (c)   2
2
      1
    L=2
      5



0




2

    2     0   (e)
              (d)
              (b)
              (a)
              (c)   2
2
        1
    L = 20
        5
        2



0




2

    2        0   (e)
                 (d)
                 (b)
                 (a)
                 (c)
                 (f)   2
ln p(X|θ) = ln        p(X, Z|θ)
                  z
Q(θ, θold ) =       p(Z|X, θold )p(X, Z|θ)
                Z




      θnew = argmaxθ Q(θ, θold )
Q(θ, θold )



                               znk
     p(X, Z|µ, Σ, π) =          πk N (xn |µk , Σk )znk
                     i k
ln p(X, Z|µ, Σ, π) =   znk {ln πk + ln N (xn |µk , Σk )}
                      i,k



     Z                      =
p(zk = 1)p(x|zk = 1)
γ(zk ) ≡ p(zk = 1|x) = K
                          j=1   p(zj = 1)p(x|zj = 1)
                        πk N (x|µk , Σk )
                  = K
                         j πj N (x|µj , Σj )
            N                      N
          1
    µk =        γ(zik )xi Nk =          γ(zik )
         Nk                        i=1
            i=1
             N
         1 
    Σk =        γ(zik )(xi − µk )(xi − µk )T
         Nk
              i=1
Em
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Em

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. 2 (a) 0 2 2 0 2
  • 5. 2 (b) 0 2 2 0 2
  • 6. 2 (b) 0 2 2 0 2
  • 7. 2 (c) (b) 0 2 2 0 2
  • 8. 2 (c) (d) (b) 0 2 2 0 2
  • 9. 2 (c) (e) (d) (b) 0 2 2 0 2
  • 10. 2 (f) (c) (e) (d) (b) 0 2 2 0 2
  • 11. 2 (g) (f) (c) (e) (d) (b) 0 2 2 0 2
  • 12. 2 (h) (g) (f) (c) (e) (d) (b) 0 2 2 0 2
  • 13. 2 (i) (h) (g) (f) (c) (e) (d) (b) 0 2 2 0 2
  • 14. 1000 J 500 0 1 2 3 4
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. 2 0 2 2 0 (a) 2
  • 27. 2 0 2 2 0 (b) (a) 2
  • 28. 2 L=1 0 2 2 0 (b) (a) (c) 2
  • 29. 2 1 L=2 0 2 2 0 (d) (b) (a) (c) 2
  • 30. 2 1 L=2 5 0 2 2 0 (e) (d) (b) (a) (c) 2
  • 31. 2 1 L = 20 5 2 0 2 2 0 (e) (d) (b) (a) (c) (f) 2
  • 32.
  • 33. ln p(X|θ) = ln p(X, Z|θ) z
  • 34.
  • 35. Q(θ, θold ) = p(Z|X, θold )p(X, Z|θ) Z θnew = argmaxθ Q(θ, θold )
  • 36. Q(θ, θold ) znk p(X, Z|µ, Σ, π) = πk N (xn |µk , Σk )znk i k ln p(X, Z|µ, Σ, π) = znk {ln πk + ln N (xn |µk , Σk )} i,k Z =
  • 37. p(zk = 1)p(x|zk = 1) γ(zk ) ≡ p(zk = 1|x) = K j=1 p(zj = 1)p(x|zj = 1) πk N (x|µk , Σk ) = K j πj N (x|µj , Σj ) N N 1 µk = γ(zik )xi Nk = γ(zik ) Nk i=1 i=1 N 1 Σk = γ(zik )(xi − µk )(xi − µk )T Nk i=1