3. LITERATURE REVIEW
TEEN PREGNANCY
According to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly
report(2011), the rates of teen pregnancy have
increased within the last the last 2 years. It was
reported in 2009, that 410,000 teens have gotten
pregnant . ("Vital sign: teen," 2011)
That shows a tremendous increase within the last
10 years.
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
TEEN PREGNANCY
African-American females from ages 15 to 19 leads the pack
by becoming teenage mothers. This population makes up for
63% of all reported cases.(Oberlander, Agostini, Houston
&, Black,2010)
5. LITERATURE REVIEW
TEEN PREGNANCY
Why has African American teens lead the cases for
teen pregnancy?
What have we done to contribute to this problem?
How does the family unit contribute to this issue?
6. LITERATURE REVIEW
FAMILY DYNAMICS
Amato and Gilbreth (1990) found strong benefits of
children mainly when their father practices strong
parenting skills that are nurturing, sensitive
parenting combined with setting limits and
engagement in everyday life. It was also apparent
that week- end dads who indulge their children
don’t contribute to the Childs emotional well being.
7. LITERATURE REVIEW
FAMILY DYNAMICS
In 2010, Oberlander, Agostini, Houston and Black,
performed investigations to gather information
about marital expectations of young African
American mothers. It was discovered that if the
mother wasn’t married , then the daughter had less
that 50% expectation to get married also.
8. LITERATURE REVIEW
FAMILY DYNAMICS
The impact that the extended family has on
adolescent mothers’ adjustment and acquisition of
parenting skills may differ depending on how good
the relationship is between the mother and
grandmother. (Sellars, Black, Boris, Oberlander, &
Meyers, 2011)
9. LITERATURE REVIEW
FAMILY DYNAMICS
It has been identified in some cases that young
grandmothers are parenting at the same time as
their own children. This factor can add stress to an
already stressful situation.
(Sellers, K., Black, M., Boris, N., Oberlander, S., Me
yers, L., 2011)
10. LITERATURE REVIEW
FAMILY DYNAMICS
In 2008, Evans, Boxhill, &Pinkava, stated that the
stability of an adolescent may be broken down by
stressors like poverty and break down in parental
relationships. Increasing the odds of the adolescent
having disruptive behaviors , including pregnancy.
11. LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODOLOGY
This research is a qualitative research. There was
three forms of receiving information. There was
interviews, statistical data, observation.
12. LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODOLOGY-CONTD
Research Design
This research design uses two forms which was able to
control variables with interviews with parent , mothers,
fathers and research of statistical data.
The individuals were recruited from hospitals and
schools that offered teenage mother programs.
Permission was received and forms were signed by
parents to speak with children. In order to receive
adequate and correct information, the participant that
were chosen where young African-American female
mothers reside in a low socioeconomic status that has
just given birth within the last year. The grandmothers
and grandfathers of those babies were also interviewed.
The interviews allowed data from the individuals affected
by childbirth. These interviews were conducted in the
community ie. church and in their homes
14. LITERATURE REVIEW
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this research is conducted to identify
issues and encourage families to be proactive in
decreasing teen pregnancy. Not only immediate
families but extended families and communities
need to become involved with adolescent children.
Mothers and fathers alike need to realize the
importance of two family homes and
communication with their children. They can also
realize the importance of marriage and co
parenting. Together we can educate and eliminate
the problem of teenage pregnancy.
15. LITERATURE REVIEW
REFERENCES
Evans, G.W., Boxhill,L.,& Pinkava, M. (2008) Poverty and
Maternal Responsiveness: The role of maternal stress
.International Journal of Behavioral Development,32 ,232-237
Han,W.J., Miller,D.P., Waldfogel,J.(2002)Parental work
schedules, family, process, and early adolescent’ risky
behaviors. Children and Youth ServicesReview,29,1249-1266
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vital Signs Teen
Pregnancy-United States,1991-2009,60(13)
Oberlander, S, Agostini, W., Houston, A. & Black,M.(2010). A
Seven Year Investigation of Martial Expectations and Marriage
among Urban, Low -Income, African American adolescent
mothers. 24(1), 31-40
16. LITERATURE REVIEW
REFERENCES
Sellers,K., Black,M., Bori,N.W., Oberlander,S., Myer
s.(2011)Adolescent Mothers’ Relationships With
Their Own Mothers: Impact on Parenting
Outcomes. Journal of Family Psychology.25, 117-
126
Teen Mom talks pregnancy crisis ,retrieved from
,wmctv.com, June 23,2011
