Tech 571

1. Instructional Design Principals Tech 571—Distance Learning Virginia Lee Taylor-Mounts July 13, 2011

2. Rationalization Improve Student Experiences in Distance Learning Environments Diversified Instruction Communication/Feedback Collaboration ("Differentiated Instruction | Classroom Challenges | Focus on Effectiveness," n.d.)

3. Diversified Instruction Provides students with appropriate challenges and support Should begin with an assessment to determine prior knowledge and move the student forward Provides a variety of ways to interact with the curriculum Technology creates new ways to interact with curriculum ("Differentiated Instruction | Classroom Challenges | Focus on Effectiveness," n.d.) ("Principles of Online Design," n.d.)

4. Diversified Instruction--Activities Case study Reflective journal Research report E-Portfolio Wiki Blogs Podcasts Simulation/Games Authentic Project Group Projects Test/Quiz Bulletin boards Bulletin board Chat discussions

5. Communication/Feedback Students need to know expectations Information needs to be clearly communicated To show emotions, use graphics, videos, & photographs This helps to build excitement Helps student to feel included and not separated ("Is Distance Learning Lacking In Communication?," n.d.) ("Principles of Online Design," n.d.)

6. Communication/Feedback Channels of communication include: email, website forums, chat rooms, & internet conferencing Help the student to stay in contact Provides the student a means of asking questions Provides more opportunities for communication than some of the traditional classroom settings ("Is Distance Learning Lacking In Communication?," n.d.) ("Principles of Online Design," n.d.)

7. Communication / Feedback-- Activities E-mail With instructor & classmates Use a Course Management System Desire 2learn Blackboard Angel Moodle Notes Study Guides Survey Tools Define objectives thoroughly Wikis Blogs

8. Collaboration Promotes interaction among students for class assignments Students learning teamwork skills (21st Century Skills) Creates a sense of community (Garrison, 2006) Facilitates sharing of knowledge (Logan, Cowan, Herring, & Wilkes, 2009) ("Principles of Online Design," n.d.)

9. Collaboration Promotes reflection Students build upon the comments of others Student comments are saved in the discussion area and provide opportunity for students to reflect before contributing to the discussion) Helps to build and maintain group/class cohesion(Garrison, 2006) ("Principles of Online Design," n.d.)

10. Collaboration--Activities Email Bulletin boards Social chat rooms List serves Phone conferencing Web page Post Photographs Instant messaging Wikis Blogs Use of cloud storage

11. E-Learning Design Principals Multimedia Principles Collaboration Principles Personalization (Merrill, 2008

12. E-Learning Design Principals Multimedia--Students learn better when: Words & pictures are better than words alone Words & pictures need to be close on a page Words & pictures need to be presented at the same time Animation and narration are included rather than animation and text (Merrill, 2008)

13. E-Learning Design Principals Collaboration--The main method of collaboration is text but technology is changing to allow for real-time collaboration. Imperative to create a sense of community among the group. This helps to keep the group engaged and seeking knowledge. (Garrison, 2006)

14. E-Learning Design Principals Collaboration– Trust must be built among the members of the group. A sense of community among the group. This helps to keep the group engaged and seeking knowledge. Have an area where students introduce themselves. Have an area where students can post questions (Garrison, 2006)

15. E-Learning Design Principals Personalization—Advances in technology have opened up the avenue of distance learning; information can now be shared quickly and in a variety of formats. When planning instruction, it must be learner centered. Effective learning takes place when students are challenged to think critically—take the material and move beyond just knowing. (Teo & Leng Gay, 2006)

16. E-Learning Design Principals Personalization—As distance learning becomes more prevalent instructional designers must strive to create lessons that are more learner centered, giving the learner more choices in how to learn the content and how to demonstrate their mastery of the content. (Teo & Leng Gay, 2006)

17. Software Applications Students will use software to interact in the following ways: Learner to the software Learner to the content Learner to other learners Learner to the instructor (Choy, Ng, & Tsany, 2005)

18. Software Applications Provide students a location to access class materials—Course Management System Course Materials Textbooks Supplemental Materials Correspondence Discussion forms Place to ask questions of instructors (Choy, Ng, & Tsany, 2005)

19. Software Applications for DE Moodle—Course Management System Supports a social constructionist theory of learning Open Source Course Management System Must be installed on a web server Can be use for fully on-line or blended courses Activity modules include: Forums, databases, wikis, assessments, delivery of online content Runs on Linux, Mac, Solaris, or Windows ("Moodle.org: About," n.d.)

20. Software Applications for DE Manhattan—Course Management System Can be used to add an on-line component to the traditional classroom or for fully on-line classes Software is a free download Must be loaded on a server Components include: Assignments, Lectures, Handouts, Internet Resources, Tests, Chat, Post Office for e-mail, Class Discussion, Podcasts, Grades, or Team Discussion (Manhattan: Simple. Smart. - Welcome, n.d.)

21. Software Applications If not using a Learning Management System that contains all the components necessary for student interaction, the following must be easily accessible. E-mail for communication Course materials for reviewing/learning content Discussion area Drop box for assignments (Choy, Ng, & Tsany, 2005)

22. Other software or Web 2.0 tools to use to ensure that your students have a positive Distance Learning Experience. Just a few examples; there are many other open source/free tools available.

23. Software—Multi Media Audacity—Audio Player software Recording and editing sounds Record live audio Convert into digital recordings Edit MP3, WAV, or AIFF sound files Cut, copy, splice or mix sounds Change speed or pitch Available for: Mac, Windows, Linux Free, open source (Audacity: Free Audio Editor and Recorder, n.d.)

24. Software—Multi Media Windows Media Player—Digital media player Play audio, video View images on computer running Windows Rip music from and copy music to CDs Burn recordable CDs in Audio format Available for: Windows Free, open source (Windows.microsoft, n.d.)

25. Software—Multi Media PodBean—Podcast hosting Create podcasts Create, upload, publish, & manage your podcast Embed posdcasts into your email, blogs, websites, Free , must sign up to use (Windows.microsoft, n.d.)

26. Software—Multi Media PowerPoint—Presentation software Create slide-based presentations– can include: Text Images Color slide designs & diagrams Video—can be embedded or linked Animation Sound Cost = $57/license (Pomeroy IT Resources) WV State Contract ("Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 - Presentation and slide software - Office.com," n.d.)

27. Software—Multi-Media Prezi—Presentation software Created and stored on-line Use frames to show multiple items Insert Google images without leaving the Prezi site Insert bendable lines Image cropping Customizable themes Drag & drop files to Prezi Desktop Collaborate in real-time with Prezi Meeting Cost = Free for educators with registration (Prezi - The Zooming Presentation Editor, n.d.)

28. Software—Communication G-Mail Account free with registration Google Docs Create documents, upload files, share with others Google Talk Chat application, share messages in real time, file transfer, voice chat G-Mail Spam blocker, message search, storage space, chat (Gmail, face to face, video), secure, Blogger Collaborate, discuss, share with others, add video ("Google Help Centers - Google Help," n.d.)

29. Software—Communication ClassChatter Use for blogging and class mail Save for students—private & secure Information is archived permanently for safety Class mail Electronic mail can be share with class or individual student Cannot add images directly to page, can use PicOodle (a free image hosting site) Account free for educators with registration (ClassChatter | Safe and Effective Web Tools For the Classroom, n.d.)

30. Software--Collaboration GoToMeeting Use a Mac, PC, or iPad Conference via Phone or computer w/speakers Collaborate with small groups Share any application on your computer in real time Joining the meeting takes only seconds Online demonstrations Cost $500 to $1500 per year ("Online Meeting | GoToMeeting," n.d.)

31. Software--Collaboration Skype--http://www.skype.com/intl/en-us/home Free video calling on computer, mobile, Skype enabled TV--High Definition capability Windows, Mac, Android, iPhone Screen sharing Instant Messaging Group video call (3 or more) Send photos or files while you chat Free (Skype, n.d.)

32. Software--Collaboration Slideshare--http://www.slideshare.net/ Share presentations, documents, videos Share privately or publicly Share PDFs, Office, OpenOffice, iWorks, docs Can embed widget on blogs, wikis, & websites Create slidecasts—a combination slideshow and podcast Sync MP3 audio with your slides Free—must create account (Upload & Share PowerPoint presentations and documents, n.d.)

33. Software--Collaboration Ning--http:www.ning.com Can be private and moderated Can share photos and videos Chat in real-time Can create groups Can enable blogging $19.95--$59.95 per year Ad-free (Ning, n.d.)

34. Design processes for Implementation The interaction of these is necessary for learning for student learning. Learners Content Method & Materials Environment Evaluation (Simonson, 2009, pp. 145-160)

35. Design processes for Implementation Learners Recognize that learners come from different backgrounds Get to know your students Age, grade, rural/urban, cultural background Understand their technology abilities Student handouts should be age appropriate (Simonson, 2009, pp. 145-160)

36. Design processes for Implementation Learners Student need to learn new material with visuals, simulations, and games Students benefit from chat type discussions ("Principles of Online Design," n.d.)

37. Design processes for Implementation Content Should be relevant to the student Instruction should be visual Use tables, presentations, graphics, video Student group work All areas of the process should be interactive Student training on the technology during the course (Simonson, 2009, pp. 145-160)

38. Design processes for implementation Content Alternative assignments in case of technical problems Alternate modes of communication in case of technical problems Preplanning for technical problems; communicate with students in the beginning. (Simonson, 2009, pp. 145-160)

39. Design processes for implementation Content Assignments that allow for reflection will increase depth of knowledge Create a variety of learning experiences Content should cover review, new content, & enrichment (Simonson, 2009, pp. 145-160)

40. Design processes for Implementation Methods & Materials Student group work Alternative assignments in case of technical problems Lay out the lesson to flow smoothly; carefully consider the order of presentation of learner materials (Simonson, 2009, pp. 145-160)

41. Design processes for Implementation Methods & Materials Post pertinent course information on-line Use games & simulations Discussions Threaded discussion Chat Business hours via chat Submit Assignments electronically ("Principles of Online Design," n.d.)

42. Design processes for Implementation Environment Plan for student access of materials Ex. Provide student access to materials in MS Office form and PDF format Use materials that are visual Large font Use fewer words Use upper and lower case letter Make use of white space (Simonson, 2009, pp. 145-160)

43. Design processes for Implementation Environment Use materials that are visual Use color Copyright issues Always abide by all copyright laws and guidelines (Simonson, 2009, pp. 145-160)

44. Design processes for Implementation Environment--Technology Operation should be smooth Students should be able to do the assignments within the environment Technology should fade to the background; it should be seen as just a tool to get to the content. Plan alternative activities (Simonson, 2009, pp. 145-160)

45. Design processes for Implementation Evaluation Student evaluations Deadlines are critical Use online assessments Give practice tests Plan for student assessment of the distance learning experience (Simonson, 2009, pp. 145-160) (Simonson, 2009, pp. 145-160) ("Principles of Online Design," n.d.)

46. References Audacity: Free Audio Editor and Recorder. (n.d.). Retrieved July 09, 2011, from http://audacity.sourceforge.net/ Barclay, M., & Schaak, A. V. (2008). Perscriptive principles of instructional design. In M. Merrill (Author), Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Tecnology. Retrieved July 4, 2011, from http://www.aect.org/edtech/edition3/ER5849x_C014.fm.pdf Choy, S., Ng, S., & Tsany, Y. (2005, November 2). Software agents to assist in distance learning environments. Educause Quarterly. Retrieved July 9, 2011, from http://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum/SoftwareAgentstoAssistinDistan/157342 ClassChatter | Safe and Effective Web Tools For the Classroom. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2011, from http://www.classchatter.com/index.php Differentiated Instruction | Classroom Challenges | Focus on Effectiveness. (n.d.). Northwest Educational Technology Consortium. Retrieved July 05, 2011, from http://www.netc.org/focus/challenges/instruction.php Garrison, D. R. (2006). Online collaboration principles. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 10(1). Google Help Centers - Google Help. (n.d.). Google. Retrieved July 10, 2011, from http://www.google.com/support/bin/static.py?page=portal_more.cs Is Distance Learning Lacking In Communication? (n.d.). SG & Singapore Map - Singapura, Singapur, Singapore Information. Retrieved July 05, 2011, from http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/14560/education/is_distance_ learning_lacking_in_communication.html Logan, L., Cowan, W., Herring, S., & Wilkes, W. (2009, April 1). Collaborate, engage, and interact in on-line learning [Scholarly project]. Retrieved July 5, 2011, from ttp://www.mtsu.edu/itconf/proceedings/09/CollaborateEngageInter actPaper.pdf Manhattan: Simple. Smart. - Welcome. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2011, from http://manhattan.sourceforge.net/

47. References Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 - Presentation and slide software - Office.com. (n.d.). Office - Office.com. Retrieved July 09, 2011, from http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/powerpoint/ Moodle.org: About. (n.d.). Moodle.org: Open-source Community-based Tools for Learning. Retrieved July 10, 2011, from http://moodle.org/about/ Ning. (n.d.). Retrieved June 29, 2011, from http:www.ning.com Online Meeting | GoToMeeting. (n.d.). Web Conferencing | GoToMeeting. Retrieved July 1, 2011, from http://www.gotomeeting.com/fec/online_meeting Prezi - The Zooming Presentation Editor. (n.d.). Retrieved July 09, 2011, from http://prezi.com/ Principles of Online Design. (n.d.). Florida Gulf Coast University - Fort Myers, Florida. Retrieved July 03, 2011, from http://www.fgcu.edu/onlinedesign/index.html Simonson, M. R. (2009). Teaching and learning at a distance: foundations of distance education (pp. 145-160). Boston: Allyn & Bacon/Pearson. Skype. (n.d.). Retrieved June 29, 2011, from http://www.skype.com/intl/en-us/home Teo, C. B., & Leng Gay, R. K. (2006). A knowledge-driven model to personalize e-learning. ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing, 6(1). Upload & Share PowerPoint Presentations and Documents. (n.d.). Retrieved June 29, 2011, from http://www.slideshare.net/ Who are we. (n.d.). Wikispaces. Retrieved July 10, 2011, from http://www.wikispaces.com/about Windows.microsoft. (n.d.). Retrieved July 9, 2011, from http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/products/windows- media