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The Pedagogy of MOOCs
- 1. The pedagogy of MOOCs Terese Bird and Gráinne Conole, University of Leicester 14th March 2014 Open Education Week Webinar National Teaching Fellow 2012 Ascilite fellow 2012EDEN fellow 2013
- 2. Outline • Overview of MOOCs • Overview of eMundus • Pedagogical approaches • MOOC classification • Describing MOOCs • Evaluating MOOCs
- 3. OER and MOOCs • Over ten years of the Open Educational Resource (OER) movement • Hundreds of OER repositories worldwide • Presence on iTunesU • 2012 Times year of the MOOC
- 4. The OPAL metromap http://www.oer-quality.org/ Evaluation shows lack of uptake by teachers and learners Shift from development to community building and articulation of OER practice
- 5. POERUP outputs • An inventory of more than 300 OER initiatives http://poerup.referata.com/wiki/Countries_with_OER_initiatives • 11 country reports and 13 mini-reports http://poerup.referata.com/wiki/Countries • 7 in-depth case studies • 3 EU-wide policy papers
- 6. The emergence of MOOCs • CCK08 – Connectivist MOOC (cMOOC) – Siemens, Downes and Cormier – Evaluation (Fini, 2009) – http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/643/1402 • Emergence of large-scale xMOOCs • UK-based FutureLearn • Launch of Massey on Open2Study • What are MOOCs? – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW3gMGqcZQc • List of MOOCs – http://www.mooc-list.com/ • EFQUEL series of blogs – http://mooc.efquel.org/ • ICDE list of MOOC reports – http://tinyurl.com/gconole-MOOC
- 7. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Free Distributed global community Social inclusion High dropout rates Learning income not learning outcome Marketing exercise http://alternative-educate.blogspot.co.uk/2012/12/audio-ascilite-2012-great-debate-moocs.html JOLT, Vol. 9, No. 2, http://jolt.merlot.org
- 8. The eMundus project • Aim – Strengthen cooperation and awareness amongst EU and strategic partners of exploiting potential of MOOCs and virtual mobility to support long-term, balanced, inter- cultural partnership http://wikieducator.org/Emundus/Home
- 9. Objectives • Map state of the art of MOOCs and Virtual Mobility • Sharing of knowledge, tools and practices around MOOCs and their implications • Promote and mainstream MOOCs and VM • Help institutions, networks and policy makers to develop effective MOOC strategies
- 10. Learning can be achieved by: Interaction Communication & Collaboration Through OER & MOOCs Social Media Facilitated by: Learning Design Leading to: New support and accreditation models
- 11. A Constructivist Building on prior knowledge Task-orientated Situative Learning through social interaction Learning in context Connectivist Learning in a networked environment E-Pedagogies Mayes & De Freitas, 2004 Conole 2010 E-training Drill & practice Inquiry learning Collective intelligence Resource-based Experiential, Problem-based Role play Reflective & dialogic learning, Personalised learning Flashlets App Springpad App Solve Outbreak App Social media & MOOCs Associative Focus on individual Learning through association and reinforcement
- 12. Pedagogical approaches Drill & practise learning Inquiry learning Situated learning Immersive learning
- 13. Drill and practise learning
- 15. Flashlets app
- 16. Inquiry-based learning • Promoting inquiry- based approaches for Science –nQuire tools • Developing public understanding of Science - iSpot
- 20. Situated learning Archeological digs Medical wards Art exhibitions Cyber-law Virtual language exchange Beyond formal schooling http://www.jibbigo.com/ Mark Childs
- 21. Swift project Paul Rudman and Suzanne Lavelle
- 22. Outbreak App
- 24. OLDS MOOC
- 25. Dimension Characteristics Context Open Degree to which the MOOC is open Massive How large the MOOC is Diversity The diversity of the learners Learning Use of multimedia Extent of use of rich multimedia Degree of communication Amount of communication incorporated Degree of collaboration Amount of collaboration incorporated Amount of reflection Ways in which reflection is encouraged Learning pathway Degree to which the learning pathway is supported Quality assurance Degree of quality assurance Certification Mechanisms for accreditation Formal learning Feed into formal learning offerings Autonomy Degree of learner autonomy A taxonomy of MOOCs http://e4innovation.com/?p=727
- 26. The 7Cs of Learning Design Conceptualise Vision CommunicateCreate ConsiderCollaborate Activities Combine Synthesis Consolidate Implementation http://www2.le.ac.uk/projects/oer/oers/beyond-distance-research-alliance/7Cs-toolkit
- 27. Course features • Pedagogical approaches • Principles • Guidance and support • Content and activities • Reflection and demonstration • Communication and collaboration http://cloudworks.ac.uk/cloud/view/5950
- 28. Activity profile • Types of learner activities – Assimilative – Information Handling – Communication – Production – Experiential – Adaptive – Assessment
- 29. Start End Learning Outcomes LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 Assessment LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 Week 1 Topic 1 Week 2 Topic 2 Week 3 Topic 3 Week 4 Topic 4
- 30. Formal Informal Individual Social Blended courses DL+ social media Trad. campus courses DL courses OER xMOOCs OER + Social media cMOOCs APEL ePortforlios OERu Badges
- 31. A new MOOC classification Dimension Connectivist Siemens MOOC Context Open 3 Massive 2 Diversity 3 Learning Use of multimedia 2 Degree of communication 3 Degree of collaboration 2 Amount of reflection 3 Learning pathway 1 Quality assurance 1 Certification 1 Formal learning 1 Autonomy 3 For each dimension, give the MOOC a score: Low=1, Medium=2 High=3
- 32. A new MOOC classification Dimension Connectivist Siemens MOOC Context Open 3 Massive 2 Diversity 3 Learning Use of multimedia 2 Degree of communication 3 Degree of collaboration 2 Amount of reflection 3 Learning pathway 1 Quality assurance 1 Certification 1 Formal learning 1 Autonomy 3 How to rate Open? It’s free = 1 At least some CC materials = 2 All materials CC, and non-registered students can view materials=3 How to rate Massive? Under 500=1 500-10,000=2 Over 10,000=3
- 33. MOOCs by pedagogical approach PLUS: Cognitive
- 34. Associative Associating a stimulus with a response – operant conditioning. Create a new stimulus response. Intermediate Chinese from Open University of China on iTunes U http://tinyurl.com/chineselang
- 35. Cognitive Learning by experiencing a stimuli but not doing anything. The way in which a person is encouraged to contemplate. Coursera Songwriting https://www.coursera.org/course/songwriting
- 36. Constructivist Adding meaning to, and building upon, what I already know Open University Course Design MOOC ‘OLDS’ http://www.olds.ac.uk
- 37. Situative Learning that occurs in the same context in which it will be used. Coursera Introduction to Clinical Neurology https://www.coursera.org/course/clinicalneurology
- 38. Connectivist About who or what learning resources we have access to. People as resources. George Siemens original Connectivist MOOC http://cck11.mooc.ca/
- 39. MOOCs by pedagogical approach Dimension Associative Chinese Cognitive Songwriting Constructivist OLDS Situative Neuro Connectivist Siemens Context Open 1 1 3 1 3 Massive 1 2 1 2 2 Diversity 1 2 2 2 3 Learning Use of multimedia 3 2 2 2 2 Degree of communication 1 1 2 2 3 Degree of collaboration 1 1 2 2 2 Amt of reflection 1 1 2 1 3 Learning pathway 1 1 2 2 2 Quality assurance 2 2 2 2 1 Certification 1 2 2 2 1 Formal learning 1 1 2 1 1 Autonomy 3 3 3 2 3
- 40. Conclusion • MOOCs as disruptive technologies challenging traditional institutions • New business models emerging • New approaches needed for designing and delivering MOOCs • Need for appropriate pedagogies • Disaggregation of education – High quality resources – Learning pathways – Support – Accreditation