Module Madness 4

~ The Mystery of Mythology ~An interactive session covering lessons 4.04 – 4.09 Please write your name on this screen in your favorite color!

To be successful in this activity, you will need to … Have a pencil/pen and paper to take notes. Visit all break-out room sessions. Participate in all activities and discussions by sharing your ideas. Ask questions if you need help. Remain for the entire session.

What to Submit? 3-2-1 Reflection -- Directions Using complete sentences, explain the following items: 3 things you found interesting in this session 2 connections of mythology to today’s society 1 question you still have about mythology Submit your 3-2-1 Reflection for Assignments 4.08, 4.09 and the essay question in 4.10

Greek Mythology Many of us do not even know what Greek Mythology actually is. Well, here is a little insight on the topic. Greek Mythology is the body of stories belonging to Ancient Greeks. These stories concern their gods and goddesses, the nature of the world, and the origins of their own culture and religion. As you can tell by the name, these tales are in fact myths, but to the Greeks, nothing was ever more factual.

Scope Out the Stars By: Sofia Wronka

Derivations of the Planet’s Names

The Sun The sun’s name is derived from the Roman god, Sol, which came into existence from the Greek god of the star Helios.

Mercury In Roman mythology Mercury is the god of commerce, travel, and thievery. In Greek mythology he is referred to as Hermes, the messenger of the Gods. This planet probably received the name Mercury because it moves so swiftly across the sky.

Venus Aphrodite is the goddess of love and beauty and so is the Roman goddess Venus. This planet is probably named Venus because it is was brightest planet known to the ancient people.

Mars Mars (Greek: Ares) is the god of War. The planet probably got this name due to its red color. Also, please note the Roman god Mars was a god of agriculture before becoming associated with the Greek Ares.

Earth The English name Earth is the only planetary name that is not derived from Greek/Roman mythology. It instead originates from Old English and Germanic. In Roman Mythology, the goddess of the Earth was Tellus – the fertile soil. The Grecian Gaia was the terra mater or Mother Earth.

Jupiter Jupiter (a.k.a. Zeus or the Roman god Jove) was the King of the Gods, the ruler of Olympus, and the patron of the Roman state. Zeus was the son of Cronus or Saturn.

Saturn In Roman mythology, Saturn is the god of agriculture (or Corn god). The associated Greek god, Cronus (Saturn), was the son of Uranus and Gaia.

Uranus Uranus is the ancient Greek deity of the Heavens (the FATHER of the gods and not to be confused with Zeus, king of gods). Uranus was the son and mate of Gaia. He was the father of Cronus (Saturn) and of the Cyclopes and the Titans or predecessors to the Olympians.

Neptune In Greek mythology Poseidon was the god of the Sea. Neptune was the Roman’s equivalent to the Greek Poseidon.

Pluto Although, sadly, Pluto is no longer classified as a planet and the Greeks and Romans never discovered it (it was in fact discovered by a man named Percival Lowell in the 1930’s), I will tell you the Greek and Roman gods it is named after… In Roman mythology, Pluto (Greek: Hades) is the god of the underworld.

Based on the history of each planet’s name, which planet would you be? Why?

Virgo- “Virgin”Astrea, daughter of Zeus and Themis, was the goddess of justice. During the “Golden Age” she lived on Earth until wickedness and evil gripped mankind. When the gods left Earth, she was the last to leave and was transformed into the constellation Virgo.

Capricorn- Sea Goat,[object Object]

Echo and Narcissus The nymph Echo was fond of talking. When Hera appeared looking for her husband Artemis, whom she feared was amusing himself with the nymphs of the wood, she was stalled by Echo. Echo talked to the goddess until all of the nymphs were able to escape. When Hera found out about this she was cursed with always having the last word but never being able to reply herself. A little later Echo saw Narcissus who was pursuing a chase in the mountains. The Nymph fell in love with him and longed to win him with her soft tongue, but could not so instead followed in his foot prints. Then one day, when Narcissus lost his companions, he shouted “Who’s there?”, and Echo, being unable to reply also said, “Who’s there?”. This went on for some time until Narcissus said, “Let us join one another,” where the nymph replied the same and tried to put her arms around the boy. He became outraged, and told Echo to keep her hands away from him. Echo, full of despair, hid away, and lived in a cave where she shriveled away and died. Her bones were changed into rocks and there was nothing left of her but her voice. With that she is still ready to reply to any one who calls her, and keeps up her old habit of having the last word. Woman picking narcissus

Echo and Narcissus cont. According to this story though Narcissus was not only mean to Echo, but also to another young maiden. This was a BIG mistake for him; this young girl prayed to the gods that even if he did not love her that he should at least love in return. An avenging goddess heard and granted the prayer making Narcissus fall in love with his own reflection. Narcissus tried to hold and touch his watery manifestation, and, being unable to do so, just gazed upon it. He grew weary of eating or doing anything for fear that the reflection would leave him. His beauty faded away (although Echo, convinced of her love for him, stayed with him) and he eventually died. The Nymphs wept for his death, and when they came to burn his body all that they found of him was a flower that was purple within and surrounded with white leaves; as a remembrance of him it bears his name.

How do these 2 myths compare? Similarities Differences

The Nine Muses In Ancient Greek Mythology, there were nine muses who each protected a form of science, art, or literature. The Muses were the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (Memory). *As you learn about the muses, think about which one would represent you the best.*

CalliopeBeautiful voice Calliope was the chief of the nine muses. She was represented as the protector of epic poetryand is the most documented of the Muses. She is the mother of Hymen (the god of marriage), Ialemus (sad song god), the Corybantes, and the Sirens. Her symbol was a writing tab.

Epic Poetry Epic poetry- type of narrative poetry, characterized by great length, multiple settings, large numbers of characters, or long span of time involved.

Clio Proclaimer She was the patron of history, and the inventor of historical and heroic poetry. She is known for bringing the Phoenician alphabet to the Greeks. Clio was also the mother of Hyacinthus, who was killed by Apollo. From his blood grew the flower that bears his name. Clio’s symbol was a scroll.

Heroic poetry- characterized by great length, multiple settings, large numbers of characters, or long span of time involved.

EratoPassionate Erato was the Muse of lyric poetrywhich dealt with love. She is often shown holding a lyre, or a small kithara, an instrument said to be invented by her. She was also the patron of parrots and crows, considering she was the Muse of Mimicry, as well.

Lyric poetry - refers to either poetry that has the form and musical quality of a song or a usually short poem that expresses personal feelings, which may or may not be set to music.

EuterpeRejoicing Well Euterpe was the Muse of lyric poetry and music. She was also the cheerful muse, in charge of joy and pleasure. She is also accredited with inventing the double flute, and is often depicted holding one (as shown at right).

PolyhymniaMany Songs She was the Muse of sacred-poetry, sacred hymn and eloquence, as well as the muse of agriculture and pantomime. She is depicted as being serious and meditative, often illustrated in a thoughtful pose with a finger to her mouth. She always wears long robes and often a veil. Polyhymniais sometimes accredited as being the Muse of geometry and meditation.

MelpomeneSongstress Melpomene is the Muse of tragedy. She is often shown wearing cothurnes and carrying or wearing a tragic mask. She also carries a knife or club in her hand. In Greek and Roman poetry, it was customary to invoke Melpomene so that one could create beautiful lyric poetry. Cothurnes- boots traditionally worn by tragic actors

TerpsichoreRejoicing in the Dance She is the Muse of dancing and dramatic chorus. She is usually pictured sitting down and holding a lyre, accompanying the dancers’ choirs.

ThaliaFlourishing Thalia was the Muse of comedy and idyllic poetry. She is often depicted holding a comic mask, a shepherd’s staff, or a wreath of ivy. She was a rustic goddess who liked to traipse through meadows and forests.

Idyllic poetry- short poem, descriptive of rustic life

UraniaHeavenly -Uraniawas the Muse of astronomy and astrology. She was dressed in blue cloak embroidered in stars and is often illustrated holding a globe in her left hand and a peg in her right. She was the special protector of those who practiced philosophy. Urania also had a son, Linus, who was killed by Apollo, who was jealous of Linus’ beautiful singing.

Choose your favorite muse and draw a picture to represent her. Calliope Clio Erato EuterpePolhymniaMelpomene TrepsichoreThaliaUrania

References to Greek Mythology can be found in many famous poems, stories, and songs. This is an excerpt from a poem by Lord Byron: Farewell to the Museby: Lord Byron Thou Power! who hast ruled me through Infancy's days,Young offspring of Fancy, 'tis time we should part;Then rise on the gale this the last of my lays,The coldest effusion which springs from my heart.This bosom, responsive to rapture no more,Shall hush thy wild notes, nor implore thee to sing;The feelings of childhood, which taught thee to soar,Are wafted far distant on Apathy's wing….. And soon shall its wild erring notes be forgot,Since early affection and love is o'ercast:Oh! blest had my Fate been, and happy my lot,Had the first strain of love been the dearest, the last.Farewell, my young Muse! since we now can ne'er meet;If our songs have been languid, they surely are few:Let us hope that the present at least will be sweet---The present---which seals our eternal Adieu. What muse or muses do you think inspired Lord Byron to compose his poem Farewell to the Muse?

Preserve A Physique The Olympics: Then and Now

The Olympics The winner of an Olympic event gained great honor. He also got an olive wreath in an official ceremony (instead of medals). He paid no taxes for a year, and sometimes for life (too many winners). He had a year named after him! People would provide him with food and lodging (endorsements). Some of the events were the same then as they are now: Running races Javelin throwing Wrestling Some were different: Hoplitodromos (race in armor, see inset) Chariot races

Then & Now Now… Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, inspired revival of Olympic Games and headed original International Olympic Committee First modern Olympic Games in 1896 Events: pole vaulting running races shot put weight lifting swimming target shooting tennis gymnastics Then... According to legend, the Olympics were founded by Hercules First record of Olympics in 776 BC Winner of first race in first Olympics: Coroebus, cook from Elis Events: boxing & wrestling running chariot races pankration (wrestling with fists) pentathlon discus javelin long jump running race wrestling

Ideals Ancient Olympics were held to honor Greek gods and often involved a day of feasting and sacrificing. Second and third place received no mention anywhere, but only winners mattered. Wars were often postponed when the Games came around and warriors on opposing sides could participate in the same event. The Games were a time for men to come together to view a common sport. Modern Olympics are held to encourage sports and friendly attitudes among countries. Second and third place athletes receive medals similar to the first place winners, and have their flags displayed also. Countries hostile with one another can come together for the Olympics with no threat, but sometimes the Games are canceled during a time of war. The Games are watched by families around the world. THEN NOW

Sportswomen In the ancient Olympics women were not allowed to participate or even view the events, because men participated in them in the nude. The only way that a woman could be involved in the Olympics at all was as the owner of a horse in the chariot races. Spartan women were much more athletically inclined than women in Athens because of their upbringing. These women were brought up participating in sports with the men so that they would produce strong offspring and be able to protect their homes while their husbands were at war.

Artemis Daughter of Zeus and Leto Protector of all that is wild and innocent Immune to Aphrodite’s love enchantments Friend to mortals Rides in silver chariot Wears silver sandals Shoots silver arrows Uses silver bow Emblem of female physical ideal and sportswoman icon

Module Madness 4

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