The document provides an overview of the Linux filesystem, including its hierarchical tree structure with common subdirectories like /bin, /home, and /usr. It discusses useful commands for navigating the filesystem like cd, pwd, and running privileged commands with sudo. The document also compares the Linux and Windows filesystem structures and file types. It introduces package management with apt-get and the power of pipes in Linux.

1. Linux Overview

3. Linux Filesystem Everything is a File

8. Linux Filesystem

10. Root Common Subdirectories

11. Common Subdirectories Directory Stands for Content / root Top-level directory in the hierarchical tree /bin Binaries Contains binaries used by both the system administrator and non-privileged user e.g. command ‘ls’ is stored here /dev Devices Contains hardware devices directories. It is a virtual directory /etc Et cetra Contains configuration files for running applications /home Contains user subdirectories /lib Libraries Contains shared libraries e.g. C, Perl, Python general libraries /mnt Mount /proc Processes Contains information about the system e.g. process that are running. It is a virtual directory /root Default home directory for the system administrator. Isolated to increase security

12. Common Subdirectories Directory Stands for Content /sbin Secure Binaries Contains secured binaries that are only accessed by privileged users e.g. fdisk, partitioning tool is kept here /tmp Temporaries Contains temporary files /usr Unix System Resources Contains subdirectories such as /usr/doc which contains system documentations, /usr/local the local hosts directory /var Variables Contains log and spool files /boot Contains Linux kernel

13. Useful Commands

16. Filesystem Comparison Linux vs. Window

17. Filesystem Comparison Linux Filesystem Windows Filesystem Hierarchal Structure Only a single hierarchal directory structure. Everything starts from the root directory and then expanded to subdirectories. It also has various partitions, but under the root directory. They are ‘mounted’ under specific directories (Unified scheme) Various partitions, with directories under those partitions (Volume based file hierarchy) Detection Partition will not be detected unless it has been mounted. All partitioned detected and booted, then each assigned a drive letter. Crossover Can read/write FAT16 , FAT32 Can not unless with third party support Hidden Files Implement with a name that starts with a dot. Tracks it as a file attribute Types ext2, ext3 FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and or NTFS

18. Filesystem Comparison Linux Filesystem Windows Filesystem Case Sensitivity Case sensitive. File.txt is not the same as file.txt Not case sensitive Confirmation Messages Non existent e.g. when deleting, user will not be promoted whether to continue with the operation or not User will be prompted with each action Search Path Does not look into the current directories. It looks at the PATH environment variable. To run program in current directory: ./ program Checks current directory first then looks at the PATH environment variable Slashes Uses a forward slash “/” Uses a backward slash “ Switch Indication Switches are preceded by “-” Switches are preceded by “