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                  By : LOKENDRA YADAV
What is pulmonary function
       test’s?(PFTs)
• Pulmonary function tests are a group
  of test that measure how well the
  lungs take in and release air and how
  well they move oxygen into the
  blood.(it is a non invasive)
How the test is
performed?
SPIROMETRY…
In a spirometry test, you breathe into a
mouthpiece that is connected to an
instrument called a spirometer. The
spirometer records the amount and the
rate of air that you breathe in and out
over a period of time.
Lung volume measurement can be done in two
  ways:
      •The most accurate way is to sit in a sealed, clear
      box that looks like a telephone booth (body
      plethysmograph) while breathing in and out into a
      mouthpiece. Changes in pressure inside the box
      help determine the lung volume.
Body plethysmograph
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
•Lung volume can also be measured when you
breathe nitrogen or helium gas through a tube for a
certain period of time. The concentration of the
gas in a chamber attached to the tube is measured
to estimate the lung volume.

•To measure diffusion capacity, you breathe a
harmless gas for a very short time, often one
breath. The concentration of the gas in the air
you breathe out then is measured. The difference
in the amount of gas inhaled and exhaled can
help estimate how quickly gas can travel from the
lungs into the blood.
Why the test is performed?
Pulmonary function tests are done to:

•Diagnose certain types of lung disease (especially
asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema)
•Find the cause of shortness of breath
•Measure whether exposure to contaminants at work
affects lung function

It also can be done to:
•Assess the effect of medication
•Measure progress in disease treatment
Spirometry measures airflow. By measuring how much air you exhale,
and how quickly, spirometry can evaluate a broad range of lung diseases.

Lung volume measures the amount of air in the lungs without
forcibly blowing out. Some lung diseases (such as emphysema and
chronic bronchitis) can make the lungs contain too much air. Other lung
diseases (such as fibrosis of the lungs and asbestosis) make the lungs
scarred and smaller so that they contain too little air.

Testing the diffusion capacity (also called the DLCO) allows the doctor
to estimate how well the lungs move oxygen from the air into the
bloodstream.
Normal value of PFTs is depend upon subject height ,age
and sex normal results

Are expressed as a percentage .A value is usually
considered abnormal if it less than 80% of predicted value.

Abnormal value usually mean that subject may have some
chest or lung disease
PULMONARY FUNCTION ANALYZERS(PFA)

Three basic type of measurement made in pulmonary
clinic
Ventilation: simple inhalation and exhalation.

Distribution: This is measurement quantify the degree of
lung obstruction and also determine the residual
volume(second method by inhaling Nitrogen)

Diffusion: This measurement is performed to determine the
rate at at which gas is exchanged with the blood stream.
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
PFA provide a complete
evaluation of lung function
or the respiratory process
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
NITROGEN
ANALYZER
    ?
It allows rapid analysis of
nitrogen concentration
(volume%) in respiratory air.
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
NITROGEN LINEARIZER:                  In case of
nitrogen washout during human physiological
investigation require stable linear input device. for
this purpose it was necessary to obtain a precision
of 0.02% nitrogen (0.02% of the avg nitrogen
usually encountered during a breath near the end
of the wash out)
By using low drift op-amp in nitrogen analyzer
AUTOGAIN
 CIRCUIT
   ?
AUTO GAIN CIRCUIT is nothing but
it is a automatic gain control(AGC).

The avg o/p signal level is fed back
to adjust the gain to an
appropriate level of range of input
signal level
PNEUMOTACH
   FLOW
TRANSDUCER
    ?
A Device that measure a the flow of
gases in form of pressure gradient.

And a pressure gradient developed by
PHEUMOTACH METER is directly related
to flow.
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
PRESSURE
TRANSDUCER
    ?
LINEAR AMP
    ?
LINEAR AMP is stand
for linear amplifier
very familiar term.
A linear amp is an electronic
circuit whose o/p is
proportional to its i/p but
capable of delivering more
power into a load if it
required
BTPS

?
B : BODY

T : TEMPERATURE

P : PRESSURE

S : SATURATION
BTPS : ABBREVATION is used for body
temperature ambient pressure saturated
water vapors condition of a volume of gas
for humans normal respiratory tract
temperature is measured at 37 degree
Celsius ,ambient pressure and the partial
pressure of water vapors at 37 degree Celsius
at 47 mm Hg
What is BTPS compensation?
A/D
CONVERTOR
    ?
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
PRESENT TRANSDUCER USED IN SPIROMETER……

  TURBINE TRANDUCERS


actually a
rotating vane,
this spins, the
revolutions are
counted as
they break a
light beam
                                  TRANDUCERS
MILLER,S QUADRANT…….
          RESTRICTIVE                    NORMAL
    120
F
E         INS                                   √
    100
V

     60
          COMBINED                       OBSTRUCTIV
F    40                                  EXP
V
C
          BOTH
%   20

    0
                 20         40            80          100
                                                            120
                        FVC/FVCref %
                                   TRANDUCERS
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra
Thank You

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What Is Pulmonary Function Test’S By Lokendra

  • 1. Welcome you all By : LOKENDRA YADAV
  • 2. What is pulmonary function test’s?(PFTs)
  • 3. • Pulmonary function tests are a group of test that measure how well the lungs take in and release air and how well they move oxygen into the blood.(it is a non invasive)
  • 4. How the test is performed?
  • 5. SPIROMETRY… In a spirometry test, you breathe into a mouthpiece that is connected to an instrument called a spirometer. The spirometer records the amount and the rate of air that you breathe in and out over a period of time.
  • 6. Lung volume measurement can be done in two ways: •The most accurate way is to sit in a sealed, clear box that looks like a telephone booth (body plethysmograph) while breathing in and out into a mouthpiece. Changes in pressure inside the box help determine the lung volume.
  • 9. •Lung volume can also be measured when you breathe nitrogen or helium gas through a tube for a certain period of time. The concentration of the gas in a chamber attached to the tube is measured to estimate the lung volume. •To measure diffusion capacity, you breathe a harmless gas for a very short time, often one breath. The concentration of the gas in the air you breathe out then is measured. The difference in the amount of gas inhaled and exhaled can help estimate how quickly gas can travel from the lungs into the blood.
  • 10. Why the test is performed?
  • 11. Pulmonary function tests are done to: •Diagnose certain types of lung disease (especially asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema) •Find the cause of shortness of breath •Measure whether exposure to contaminants at work affects lung function It also can be done to: •Assess the effect of medication •Measure progress in disease treatment
  • 12. Spirometry measures airflow. By measuring how much air you exhale, and how quickly, spirometry can evaluate a broad range of lung diseases. Lung volume measures the amount of air in the lungs without forcibly blowing out. Some lung diseases (such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis) can make the lungs contain too much air. Other lung diseases (such as fibrosis of the lungs and asbestosis) make the lungs scarred and smaller so that they contain too little air. Testing the diffusion capacity (also called the DLCO) allows the doctor to estimate how well the lungs move oxygen from the air into the bloodstream.
  • 13. Normal value of PFTs is depend upon subject height ,age and sex normal results Are expressed as a percentage .A value is usually considered abnormal if it less than 80% of predicted value. Abnormal value usually mean that subject may have some chest or lung disease
  • 14. PULMONARY FUNCTION ANALYZERS(PFA) Three basic type of measurement made in pulmonary clinic Ventilation: simple inhalation and exhalation. Distribution: This is measurement quantify the degree of lung obstruction and also determine the residual volume(second method by inhaling Nitrogen) Diffusion: This measurement is performed to determine the rate at at which gas is exchanged with the blood stream.
  • 17. PFA provide a complete evaluation of lung function or the respiratory process
  • 21. It allows rapid analysis of nitrogen concentration (volume%) in respiratory air.
  • 23. NITROGEN LINEARIZER: In case of nitrogen washout during human physiological investigation require stable linear input device. for this purpose it was necessary to obtain a precision of 0.02% nitrogen (0.02% of the avg nitrogen usually encountered during a breath near the end of the wash out)
  • 24. By using low drift op-amp in nitrogen analyzer
  • 26. AUTO GAIN CIRCUIT is nothing but it is a automatic gain control(AGC). The avg o/p signal level is fed back to adjust the gain to an appropriate level of range of input signal level
  • 27. PNEUMOTACH FLOW TRANSDUCER ?
  • 28. A Device that measure a the flow of gases in form of pressure gradient. And a pressure gradient developed by PHEUMOTACH METER is directly related to flow.
  • 32. LINEAR AMP is stand for linear amplifier very familiar term.
  • 33. A linear amp is an electronic circuit whose o/p is proportional to its i/p but capable of delivering more power into a load if it required
  • 35. B : BODY T : TEMPERATURE P : PRESSURE S : SATURATION
  • 36. BTPS : ABBREVATION is used for body temperature ambient pressure saturated water vapors condition of a volume of gas for humans normal respiratory tract temperature is measured at 37 degree Celsius ,ambient pressure and the partial pressure of water vapors at 37 degree Celsius at 47 mm Hg
  • 37. What is BTPS compensation?
  • 42. PRESENT TRANSDUCER USED IN SPIROMETER…… TURBINE TRANDUCERS actually a rotating vane, this spins, the revolutions are counted as they break a light beam TRANDUCERS
  • 43. MILLER,S QUADRANT……. RESTRICTIVE NORMAL 120 F E INS √ 100 V 60 COMBINED OBSTRUCTIV F 40 EXP V C BOTH % 20 0 20 40 80 100 120 FVC/FVCref % TRANDUCERS