More Related Content More from Chhay Teng (20) Brick1. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
matika
CMBUk 1³ sMPar³ ................................................................................................................... 4
1> RbePTdæ................................................................................................................. 5
1>1 cMNat;fñak;éndæ............................................................................................. 5
1>2 dæ Adobe and dæeqA ..................................................................................... 5
1>3 dæ Kiln-burned Ldutdæ .............................................................................. 6
1>4 dæl,ayxSac;kMe)ar ........................................................................................ 6
1>5 dæebtug rWdæsuIm:g;t_ ....................................................................................... 7
2> lkçN³énkarerobdæ ............................................................................................... 7
2>1 esckþIepþIm ....................................................................................................... 7
2>2 ry³eBlénkareRbIR)as;.................................................................................. 7
2>3 BN’éndæ ........................................................................................................ 8
2>4 lkçN³BiessénépÞ¬dæ¦ .............................................................................. 8
2>5 PaBFn;énkMlaMgsgát; ...................................................................................... 9
2>6 PaBTn;énkMlaMgkat;sgát;TTwg¬kMlaMgpþac;¦ ................................................ 9
2>7 sMr:UbTwk nigemKuNRsUbTwktMbUg.................................................................... 9
2>8 kMriténkarRsUbTwktMbUg ................................................................................... 10
2>9 PaBFn;énsMNwk .............................................................................................. 10
3> )ayGr ...................................................................................................................... 11
3>1 FatupSMén)ayGr (Motar ingrediants) ............................................................. 11
3>2 lkçN³én)ayGr (Properties of Material) ..................................................... 12
CMBUk 2³ Rbdab;RbdaeRbIR)as; nig eRKOgbrikçar ............................................................. 19
1> Rbdab;eRbIR)as;pÞal;éd .......................................................................................... 20
1>1 søabRBaerobdæ .............................................................................................. 21
1>2 jBaYr.................................................................................................................. 22
1>3 ]bkrN_vas;kMBs; (Levels) ........................................................................... 22
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1>4 Spacing Rule¬r:gdæ¦ ....................................................................................... 24
1>5 rgVas;Em:RtEdk.................................................................................................. 24
1>6 Bnøak ................................................................................................................ 24
1>7 brikçatMNr nig Rbdab;RbdatMNr.................................................................... 24
1>8 Ekg/ RbGb;TwkexμA nig Rcas ......................................................................... 29
1>9 ExSerobdæ¦ ..................................................................................................... 30
1>10 Line pins, line block and trigs......................................................................... 31
1>11 kareRbIR)as;ké®nþéd (Utility wire cutters) ................................................... 31
2> brikçarerobdæ ............................................................................................................ 33
2>1 reTHruj ............................................................................................................ 33
2>2 Rbdab;Rbdalay)ayGr ................................................................................. 33
2>3 RbGb;lay)ayGr ......................................................................................... 34
2>4 kþaRT)ayGr ..................................................................................................... 34
2>5 kþareRbIR)as;suIm:g;t_muics½r (Cement Mixer) ................................................... 34
CMBUk 3³ kareRCIserIsénkarerobdæ ............................................................................... 35
1> esckþIepþIm ............................................................................................................... 35
1>1 tMNr ................................................................................................................ 36
1>2 tMNr)ayGr)at nig tMNrerobdæ ................................................................ 37
1>3 tMNrbBa©b; ...................................................................................................... 38
2> TItaMgdæ..................................................................................................................... 38
3> KMrUerobdæ.................................................................................................................. 39
3>1 Running Bond ................................................................................................... 39
3>2 KMrUerobdæGaemrickaMg..................................................................................... 40
3>3 Flemish Bond.................................................................................................... 40
3>4 KMrUerobdæGg;eKøs............................................................................................ 40
3>5 KMrUerobdæhULg;............................................................................................... 40
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3>6 Stack Bond......................................................................................................... 40
3>7 karerobdæbc©úb,nñ ........................................................................................... 40
4> RbePTénkarerobCB¢aMgdæ ....................................................................................... 41
4>1 esckþIepþIm ......................................................................................................... 41
4>2 Composite Vs Non Composite ........................................................................... 42
4>3 karP¢ab;CBa¢aMdæ (Attachment Between Component) ....................................... 43
4>4 r)aMgCBa¢aMdæ CBa¢aMkarBarTwk ........................................................................... 45
4>5 CBa¢aMdætan; ........................................................................................................ 47
4>6 CBa¢aMdæRbehag ................................................................................................ 48
4>7 CBa¢aMdæesIþg ...................................................................................................... 48
CMBUk 4³ karGnuvtþn_ ........................................................................................................... 50
1> karBRgay)ayGr (Morta- laid walk) ................................................................... 51
2> kartMerobdæepIgpáa ................................................................................................ 56
3> karerobdæEsþg Bak;kNþalCBa¢aMg ..................................................................... 61
4> karEfTaMnig CYsCul................................................................................................ 68
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CMBUk I ³
sMPar³
1> RbePTdæ
sMNg;dæKWsUlItEdlpSMeLIgedayvtßúKμanCIvitCasMPar³EdlrwgrWpSMeLIgedayskmμPaB CatiKImI.
karbegáItdæRbEhlCatan; b¤RbehagminelIsBI 25% énmaDrbs;va. dæRtUv )anbegáIteLIgeday
mankarERbRbYldUcCa BN’/ ragerA/ PaBrelagb¤ eRKIm. fμI² karrkeXIjenA eGsSúIb)anbgðajfa GñkeGsSuIb
buraNFøab;dutdæedaykMedAéf¶ nigLdæsMrab;kEnøg rWpÞHrbs; GPiCn. enA)abILÚEnr Babylonian 4000qñaM
munRKwHskraCRClgnIRKit
TigrisnigTenøGWR)atEuphartesl,ab;d¾Rkas;nigdIdæenAtamTenøenHGaceFVICadæ )anbnÞab;mkk¾køayenACaGri
yFm’ énsMPar³sMNg;. raCvaMgnig R)asaTRtUv)anksagedaydædut edaykMedAéf¶/ CBa¢aMgdæxagmuxeday
dæ kBa©k;dutedayLdæ. RbeTsr:UmaMg(Roman) begáItnUvdæeRcIn RbePT EdlerobCamYy )ayGrPñMePñIg
nigkMe)ar. dærU:m:aMg KWmankMras;Rkas;eTAtamRbePTKMrUCaeRcIn. bnÞab;BIkarFøak;cuH
éncRkPBrU:m:aMgsil,³énkareRbIR)as;dæk¾k¾Føak;cuHeBseBjTVIbGWr:ub rhUtdl;stvtSTI 14 eTIbcab;epþIm
eRbIR)as;eLIgvij.
1>1 cMNat;fñak;éndæ
CaTUeTAeKcat;cMNat;fñak;dæ dUcCadIdæeqAEdleFVIeLIgedaykardut kMedARBHGaTitü éndIdærWdI
Edldut kñúgLdæEdlpSMeLIgedaydIdæ rWRsTab;fμPaCn_EdleFVIeGay dægaydut ehIy rwgl¥.
karlayl,ay kMe)arxSac;/ énxSac;nigkMe)areGaynwgeRkamsMBaFcMhaynigkMedAeGay eTAl,ayEtmYyKW
suIm:gB½rEln (Portland Cement) .
1>2 dæeqA
dædutkMedARBHGaTitüedayl,aydIxSac;RtUv)anrkeXIjenAnirtI énshrdæGaemriceday kulsm<½n§
NÐaehIyRtUv)aneRbIR)as;CaeRcInstvtSmkehIy. dæeqARtUv)aneKenAEteRbIkñúg tMbn;
Bak;kNþalesaHkeRkaHenH EdlCaKuNsm,tþiénkarBarkMedAd¾l¥. dæenAsm½yTMenIbKW pSMeLIg
sUluysüúgénGMbilminelIsBI20 % dænigl,aydæ. dæenHRtUvbegáIteLIgedaydIlayCamYy sarFatu
ekAs‘UedIm,Ipþl;nUv tMrUvkar énPaBFn;rbs;sMrUbTwk. TMhMrbs;dæeqACaTUeTAKW (76-152) mnkMBs;/ (202-
203) TTwg nig (305-457) mn beNþay. dæCaFmμta RtUv)aneKkMNt;sMrab; sagsg;RtwmEtpÞHKW
GaKarmYyCan;. sMrab;ebtugRKwHkarerobdæ eqA RtUv)aneKBRgIkTMhM eGayFM CagTMhMxagelI 152
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m>mdæeqARtUverobCamYy)ayGrBiessrbs;va. cMeBaHPaBFn;Fmμta énCBa¢aMglayCamYysarFatu
ekAs‘UedIm,IFn;nwgTwk/ CBa¢aMg/ tMbl erobedaydæeqAkarBar CMrabTwk.
U
1>3Ldutdæ
dæsMNg;CaeRcInbegáItedayFmμCatiénxSac;/ dIdærW RsTab;fμPasn_dIdæKWpSMeLIgeday suIlIkat rW
GaluymIj:ÚmehIynig PaKryd¾tictYcpgEdrénEr: dæepSgeTot/ CamYyPaKryd¾FM énehVóls<ar (Feld
Spar) nigEdkGuksuIteFVIGaydæERbB’NCas ¬B’NRKIsUm:ug¦/ CaRkhmrWetñatPaKeRcIn. dIdæman PaKry
CaeRcInén kalsüÜmkabU:NatduteGayeTACaB’NelOg. RsTab;fμPaCn_KW CaRsePTdIdæ EdlGacrlay
nigkkeRkam sMBaFxøÜnrbs;va minenAkñúgTwk begáItCadIrW FUliEdleKeRbIR)as;enAkñúgplitpldIdækñúgeragcRk.
1>4 dæxSac;kMe)ar
dæxSac;kMe)arman B’NRbepHepøkeLIgdutdIdækMe)ars¶ÜtehIy sgát;/kñúgkarbegáItkMe)ardUlUEm:j
Dolomite rWkMe)ar EdlmanCatikal;süÚmxøaMg layCamYyxSac;Edllags¥at RKaMTukCaeRcInem:ageTIbyk
eTAsgát;kñúgbMBg; cMhaysgát;minplitnigeRbIR)as; dæEdlrwgl¥. Rebobrbbénkarplit nigkar eRbIR)as;
dæxSac;kMe)ar KWRbhak;RbEhleTAnwgkardutdæ dIdæEdr.
1>5 dæebtug
dæsuIm:gt_KWeFVIeLIgeday suIm:g;t_ B½rELn nig fμebtug. sMPar³TaMgenHlaycUlKñacak;kñúgBum<Edl
manTMhMb:un²KñadUcCakardutdæEdr. dæsIm:g;RtUvEfTaMTwk rWk¾sMgYtebtugehIydæGacCaB’NeRcIn/ relagenA
tamEdlGñkbegáIt.
2> lkçN³rbs;karerobdæ
2>1 esckþIepþIm
ral;KuNPaBén dæpSMeLIyRbePTsMPar³nig dMeNIrkarpliténeragcRk. GñkeRbIR)as;PaKeRcInKiteTA
dl;eBl evlaénkareRbIR)as;/ esaP½NÑPaB nigKuNPaBsMNg;.
2>2 ry³eBlénkareRbIR)as;
ry³eBlénkareRbIR)as;KWCa lT§PaBFn;énkarRbYlERblkçx½NÐGakasFatu. PaBkknig minkkrwgén
GgÁFatu eKarBeTAtamGakasFatu. ry³eBlénkareRbIR)as;KW lT§PaBénkareTIbnwgcab;epþImrlay nig
ry³eBltMbUg bMEbkPaKrwgxøH². edayehtufa PaBFn;énkMlaMgsgát;nig karRsUbTwkKWCakarTsTay
éneBlevla. ebIsinCaemKuNkMlaMgsgát;minGacrk)an karBiesaFn_PaBkk nig minkkrwgén GgÁFatu
RbEhlCaeKCMnYskarTsSTayénry³eBl.
karBiesaFn_PaBkk nigminkkénGgÁFatusuIkøÚnKW eKykPaKxøHéndæeGaykk nigminkkrwgenA kñúgTwk.
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2>3 B’N
dæmanBN’nig TMrg;CaeRcInRbePT/ B’NvaGaRs½yeTAnwgbnSMFatuKImIrbs;va/ sItuNðPaBénkardut
nigviFIRtYtBinitüénkardut. cMeBaHGgÁFatudUcKña nigeragcRkEtmYy PaBRkem:AéndæGaRs½yeTAelI sItuNðPaB
eLIgx<s;/ PaBRsUb Twk/ karekIneLIgPaBFn;kMlaMgsgát;. sMPar³EdleKrkeXIjCaTUeTAKW dæ/
EdkKWmanT§iBleTABN’EdlCa lkçN³FmμCatiénBN’. dIdæmanEpñkxøHCatiEdk enAeBlRtUvkMedA
vaeLIgRkhmenHbBa¢ak;fa vamanEdlGuksuIt. enAeBl EdleKdutbnßymkbriyakasFmμta EdkGuksuI
rWdænwgkøayeTABN’sVay. dæEdlBnøWepøk² KWCabec©keTsénkarbþÚrBN’ énépÞdækarbnßyénGuksSúIEhSn
KWCasMEdgénB’N rWragenAéndævamankarERbRbYlCaeRcInRbePTenAtamRbePTdæ.
2>4 lkçN³BiessénépÞ
lkçN³BiessénépÞman 3RbePT³ épÞrelagRsTab;kBa©k; épÞqøúHrelag épÞqøúHeRKIm. RsTab;nig
RsTab;kBa©k; KWeRbIsMrab;bþÚrBN’ RsTab;Cajwkjab; emIleTArelagnigminsUvPøW/ RsTab;manépÞrab esμInig
GacqøúHcaMg. RsTab;fñaM nig RsTab;kBa©k;RbEhlCaminCab;maM enAeBleRbICamYydIdæ RsTab;fñaMKWCa RbEhl
Caqab;eRcH. kBa©k;nigRsTab;fñaM xøHRbEhl CaCYysMrYlénkarRsUbsMeNIménépÞdæ.
2>5 PaBFn;énkMlaMgsgát;
PaBFn;énkMlaMgsgát;rbs; dæeKrkeXIj enAeBlEdlPaBFn;GtibrmaénkMlaMgsgát; Rtg;ekIneLIg
bnþicmþg>>>. PaBFn; énkMlaMgsgþg;éndæKNnatamrUbmnþ ³
C= W/A
C= PaBFn;énkMlaMgsgát;rbs;sMNak
W= bnÞúkGtibrmacg¥úlelImasuInBiesaFn_
A= épÞmFüménépÞelI nigépÞeRkamrbs;sMNakBiesaFn_
2>6 PaBTn;énkMlaMgkat;TTwg ¬kMlaMgpþac;¦
PaBFn;énkMlaMgsgát;eKrk)anenAeBlEdl PaBFn;énkMlagsgát;enAelIdæ EdlmanTMr cugsgxag.
enHCaPaBFn;énkMlaMgkac;. tMélénPaBFn;kMlaMgkat;TTwgeKehafa kMlaMgpþac;.
2>7 sMr:UbTwknigemKuNRsUbTwk
karRsUbTwkéndæGacrk)anedayPaKry énm:asTwkEdlRsUbedaym:ass¶Üténdæ.
PaKryénsMrUbKW = 100 (Ws-Wd)/ Wd
Edl Wd= m:ass¶ÜténsMNakBiesaFn_
Ws= m:assMeNImbnÞab;BIRtaMgkñúgTwk
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2>8 kMriténkarRsUbTwktMbUg
rn§ejIstUcénkardutdæeFVIeGaymankarRsUbTwk enHKWCakarRsUbtMbUgdæ.
karRsUbk¾CaPaBFn;bnþicbnþÜcrbs; dæb:uEnþvamansar³sMxan;énkarbnSúI )ayGr nig dæenAeBl eyIg
erobdæ. karBiesaFn_bgðajfa PaBFn;Gtibrmaénkarerobdæ nig karRCabTwkénkarerobdæTTYl )anenAeBl
Edl sMr:Ubrbs;dæminelIs 30 g/ min – 194 cm KYrEtepSImdæmuxerobdæ.
2
2>9 PaBFn;énsMNwk
PaBFn;énsMNwkrbs;dæKW GaRs½yeTAelIkardut nigFmμCaténGgÁFatupSM. kMriténPaBFn;sMNwk
ERbRbYleTAtaménkardutdæminl¥ nigkarq¥inl¥dUcEkv nig kardutdIdæq¥inl¥.
eTaHCay:agNak¾edaymanEtdæRkaleT EdlRtUvkarvas;énsMNwk. PaBFnénsMnwk KW TsSTay
eTAtamGIundwc index sMNwk EdlKNnaeday³
GuIndicsMNwk = ¬100 x karRsUbTwkRtCak;¦ / PaBFn;kMlaMgsgát;
GuIndwcsMNwkcuHenAeBlEdlPaBFn;sMNwkekIneLIg.
3> )ayGr
)ayGrnigkav KWCaPJak;garénkarerobdæ eTACaCBa¢aMgdæBIeRBaHebtug )ayGr nikavKWmanlkçN³
RKwHdUcKña GñksMNgxøH)ansegçbfa ebIsinCamankarBiesaFn_elI)ayGr k¾dUcCasMNg;mankarBiesaFn_eli
ebtugEdr tamkarBitsmamaRt3epSgKña kareFVIkarminpøas;bþÚr/ viFIpøas;bþÚr
nigkarsMEdgPaBbnSIúénsMNg;. )ayGrKW eFVIkarcab;KñabnSIú rYmKñaCamYydæ
cMENkÉebtugFmμtavaEtgeFVIkarCamYyFatupSM rbs;va tYnaTIsMxan;énebtug KWrgnUv PaBFn;énkMlagsgát;
cMENkÉtYnaTI )ayGrnig kaverob eTAnigCBaa¢Mg pleFob TwknigsuIm:gt_. edayehtupljenHehIy
tMrUvkarsMxan;rbs;ebtug nig)ayGr rW kaverobdæmankarxusKña.
3>1 FatupSMén)ayGr
CaeKalkarN_)ayGr pSMeLIgeday suIm:gt_Br½ELn kMe)ar nig Twk/ sMPar³ nImYy²
naMmknUvlkçN³BiesspÞal;edIm,IbegáItCa)ayGr. suIm:gBr½Elnpþl;nUvry³eBlénkareRbIR)as; PaBFn;
Gtibrma tMbUg nigPaBFnénkMlaMgsgát;kMe)arnaMmknuvPaB rwg/ TwkrkSanUvPaByWt TaMgenH)ancUlrYm cMENk
begáIteGaymanPaBFn;én)ayGr xSac; )anbegáIteGayPaBFn; Twkk¾CaktþabegáIteGaymanCatipÞasÞic nig
eGaymanCMrab.
suIm:gt_ B½rELn
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8. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
suIum:gt_BrEln KWsuIm:g;GuIRdUlIt ¬suIm:gt_rwgkñúgTwk¦ EdlmanlkçN³RKwHsMrab;)ayGr. eyageTAtam
ASTM C150 mansuIm:g;t_ 3RbePT.
RbePT1³ sMrab;eRbITUeTA ehIyeBlEdllkçN³Biess RbePTTI2 mintMrUvkar
RbePT 2³ eRbIenAeBlEdleKcg;)an PaBFn;s‘ulpatlμm rWvamankarbeBa©jkMedAlμmkñúgTwk.
RbePT 3³ eRbIenAeBlEdleKcg;)anPaBFn;xøaMgtMbUg.
edaysar suIm:gt_rwgkñúgTwk plitedayemSA: kør KW/ kal;süÚmkab:unNat/ kal;süÚms‘ulpatEdlbnßy
T§iBlénPaBbnSúIrvag)ayGrnig dæ rWEdk dUcenHkareRbIsuIm:gt_ B½rELnRbePT (IA, IIA, or IIIA)
minelIkyksikSaeT kñúg)ayGrerobdæ. PaBFn;GnuBaØati énkarerobdæKW GaRs½yenAelIlT§plBiesaFn_
edayman)ayGrsuIm:gt_ B½rELnmanCatikMe)ar. dUecñHkareRbIsuIm:gt_layenH sMrab;kareobdæRtUveFVI
karBiesaFn_Camun. dUcCasuIm:gt_ B½rElnFmμta KWKμanPaBbnSúIkñúgkarerobdæeT.
kMe)arGuIRdat
kMe)arGuIRdat KWCaem:SA EdleKEfmTwkelIkMe)ar nigkal;süÚmGuksuIt Ca(OH) kMe)arGuIRdat eyIgGac
2
eRbIvaPøamsMrab;karerobdæman 4RbePT S, SA, N nig NA edaysarGuIRdatGuksuIEhSnnigPaBpøasÞIkGacRtYt
Binitü)anRbePT N or NA rWkMe)ard¾éTeTotKW manEtRbePT kMe)arGuIRdat S eTEdlykmkeFVI)ayGreobdæ.
suIm:gt_erobdæ
suIm:gt_erobdæeFVIeGaykan;EtgayRsYlkñgkareRbIR)as;nigmanPaBrwgmaM)anl¥.suIm:gt_erobdæB½rELn
ú
k¾manpgEdrnUvkav rW )ayGrm:t;xagkñúg.
fμ)ayGr³
TaMgfμFmμCati fμplitBIeragcRtUv)aneRbIR)as; b:uEnþmanEtfμm:t;eT EdleKeRbICamYy)ayGr.
kareFVIEckcMNat;fñak;fμ mankargaryRsYlkñúgkareRbIR)as;rW k¾EfmeGaykan;Etm:t;rWRbePTxSac;. manEtxSac;
m:t;ehIy lags¥atEdlmaneR bICaTUeTAén)ayGrerobdæ.
Twk
ebITwks¥at Gacpwk)an KμanCatiGsuId Gal;kaLaMg rWsrIragÁGal;kanic
TwkenHGaceRbICamYy )ayGrerobdæ)an.
Gat;muiceQI³ (Admixture)
man Admixture eRcInRbePTNas;edIm,IlayCamYy)ayGr Admixture eRcInRbePTNas; edIm,Ilay
CamYy)ayGr Admixture eRbIedIm,Ipþl;)ayGr begáInPaBrwgmaM bnßyCMrabTwk begáInkarEfrTaMedaysMPar³
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9. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
Fmμta. kareRbIR)as; Admixture RtUvmankarRbugRby½tñx<s; eKminGacyk Admixture manCatikøreRbIeT
vaGaceFVIeGaymaneRcHEdk.
Admixture EG‘rGg;Rta nig Air-Entraining rWsarFatusuIm:gt_ k¾ Air-entraining minKYreRbICamYy)ayGr
eT eRBaHvabnßyPaBbnSúIeGaykan;EtyUr. cMENkÉk Admixture d¾éTeTotdUCCa Gu‘ksuItB’NénsarFatuEr:Gac
eRbI)aneTAtamkarkMNt;m:asrbs;va.
3>2 lkçN³én)ayGr (Properties of Material)
eKEbgEcklkçN³én)ayGrCaBIrRbePTKW )ayGr)øasÞIcnig )ayGrrwg. kareRbIR)as;)ayGr)øasÞIc
nig )ayGrrwg. eKeRbIR)as;)ayGr)øasIÞceRcInCag )ayGrrwgkñúgkarsagsg;. lkçN³én)ayGr)øasÞic KWeFVI
kar)anl¥/ )ayGr RsUbTwk/ lkçN³én)ayGrrwgeKeRcIneRbIenAeBlRsTab;bBa©b; nigkarerobdæ PaBFn;én
karbnSúI ry³eBl PaBFn;énkMlaMg sgát;nig lkçN³d¾éTeTot. lkçN³én)ayGr)øasÞic nig)ayGrrwgKW
GaRs½yeTAnwgFatupSM nigkarlayrbs;va.
kareFVIkarrbs;)ayGr
)ayGrk¾GaceFVIkare)anEdr ebIsinCaeK)acvaedaykMlaMg rWeRbICamYyépÞbBaÄrk¾eday. karRsUbTwk/ PaBFn;
énlMhUr)ayGr vamanT§iBlKWGaRs½yeTAelIkarlaysBV rWminsBV dUcenHehIy)anCamankarlM)akrkPaB
TMnak;TMngKña/ kar):an;sμan PaBrwgmaMrbs;)ayGr. cMeBaHCagkMe)arEdlmanbTBiesaFn_ Kat;GacsnñidæanPaB
rwgmaMgrbs;)ayGredayKμankarBiesaFn_edIm,IeGay)ayGreFVIkar)anl¥.
karhUrnigkarebomTwkrbs;)ayGr
karBiesaFn_)ayGrd¾samBaØsBVéf¶enH KWcak;)ayGreTAkñúgkMNat;ekanenAtu
ehIyeKyk ]brkN_emkanicykTMlak; 25 dg kñúgry³eBl15
vinaTImk)ayGrekInGgát;p©iténBum<sMNakKMrU pleFob énekInGgát;p©itekIn 100 m>m bBa¢ak;edayPaKry.
lT§PaBénPaBFn;rW )at;bg;karRsUbTwkén)ayGr erobdæKW cg¥úlbgðajBIsMrU:bTwkén)ayGr.
karvas;PaBhUrén)ayGrenAkñúg suBaØkaskñúg1 naTIvanwgeFVIeGay kar)at;bg; TwkxøHBI)ayGr
bnÞab;mkeKyk)ayGrenHeFVIBiesaFn_mþgeTot. tMélBiesaFn_énCMrabTwk eFobenAnwg karRsUbTwktMbUg
bBa¢ak;CaPaKry. enHCaviFIBiesaFn_BIry:agEdl Gacrk
CMrabTwkrbs;)ayGr. )ayGrEdlmanCMrabTwkticvanwgbegáIteGaysMeNImeBlEdlRsTab;)ayGresþIgrvag
)ayGr nigkarerobdæ. cMeBaH)ayGrEdlmansMeNImeRcIn GacbegáItépÞ dy
rvay)ayGrnigCBa¢aMgdækñúgl½kx½NÐenHPaBbnSúIrbs; )ayGrmankarfycuH.
lT§plénkarBiesaFn_énlMhUrtMbUgKW 105 enA 115PaKry. b:uEnþCaFmμta)ayGr
Brick Work 9
10. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
kñúgkardæansMNg;manlMhUrtMbUgBI 130 eTA 150 PaKry edIm,ImanPaBgayRsYlkñúgkareFVIkarrbs;Cag.
LÚvenHtMéllMhUrGb,brmaéntMrUvkarBiesaFn_
RtUvkarcat;TukfaCakar)at;bg;TwkeBlerobdæEdlKuNPaB )ayGrenArkSadEdl.
PaBFn;énkMlaMgkac;
PaBFn;énkMlaMgkac;CalkçN³rUbd¾sMxan;mYyénkarerobdæ BIeRBaHmanGefrCaeRcInEdlmanT§iBl
eTAPaBbnSúIkarBiesaFn_mankarlM)ak EbgEckmYy²eGaydac;BIKñaNas; tMélRbhak;RbEhlénFatupSM
nimYy² begáItCalT§plrYmKW PaBbnSúI)ayGr GefrTaMgenHrYmman smasPaBGuksIuEsn¬xül;¦/ karrkSaTwk/
PaBrelagéndæ/ karbwtTwkéndæ ry³eBlTuk)ayGrminTan;eRbI/ sMBaFmuxtMNerobdænig lkçN³d¾éTeTot
RbEvgTaMgEdlbegáit[manPaBFn;énkMlaMgkac;rbs;dæRtUv)aneKBiesaFn_edayT§iBlénsmasPaBxül;
kñúg )ayGr lT§plenH)anbgðajfa PaBbnSúImankarfycuH PaBFn;)at;bg;ekIneLIg
CamYynwgsmasPaBxül; xagelIRbEhl 12 PaKry.
-Ti§BllMhUr)ayGrCaBiesssMrUbTwkéndæ PaBFn;)anekIneLIg ry³eBl):atrW BRgay)ayGrnig
eBlerob dæk¾manT§iBleTAPaBFn;Edr CaBiesseBlEdl)ayGrRsUbTwkBIdæ kñúgkrNIenH)ayGr nig
hUrTwk¬lMhUr¦ kñúgxN³enHeTIlaytMbUgPaBbnSúIrbs;dænig cuHfy edIm,IrkSaPaBbnSuIGtibrma RtUvkarbnßy
eBleGayxøI eRBaH)ayGrminRtUv)aneKeRbIPøam²bnÞab;BIlay EdlsMeNImxøHRtUvhYt edaykarEfmTwk
xøHeTA)ayGrKW bMeBjénkar)at;bg;TwkrMhYt dUcenHehIyPaBFn;énkMlamgsgát;fycuHbnþicmþg² ebIeK
minEfmTwkPaBbnSúI k¾edaycuHebIsinCa minEfmTwk ehtuplenH)anCaeKEfmTwk
-Ti§Blénkarpøas;TI³ karbþÚrTis rWpøas;TIdæ)anpþac;nUvPaBbnSúIPaBrwg.)ayGrnwgmanPaBpøasÞIcRKb;
RKan;CamYynwgdæ minRtUveGayCagbþÚrTItaMgrW pøas;TIdæBIPaBedImeLIy.
-T§iBlénsmamaRt³ ral;Ti§BlxagelIminmanCMenOTaMgGs;eT manTinñn½ybBa¢k;faPaBbnSúIGtibrma
KWpleFobsuIm:g;t_nig kMe)arl¥GaRs½yenAelItMél 1³1 nig 1³1¼4 énlkçN³kMe)ar/ dæmanépÞrelag nig
dæRsUbTwkk¾manpleFobxusKñacMeBaHkMe)arrlaykñúgTwk sMrab;sMrUbTwkéndæKW ticCag 30Rkam kñúg naTI
194cm ¬épÞdæ 194 cm ¦.
2 2
- ry³eBlCab;maM³ lkçN³Cab;maMrbs;)ayGr
KWminGaRs½yelIktþaNakMNt;c,as;las;eTaHbICa )ayGrKμanPaBes<at
rWPaBxül;enaH)ayGrmankarCabmaM)anyUr ehIyvanwgbnßyPaBbnSúInUvlkçN³d¾éTeTot
CaFmμta)ayGrGaceRbIR)as;)anyUr edayKμansmasPaBxül;kñúg)ayGrenaH dUecñaH smasPaBx<s;kñúg)ayG
minRtUv)aneKelIkykniyaykñúgkareRbIR)as;)ayGr)anyUreT.
Brick Work 10
11. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
karlUtnig lMhUr)øasÞic Extensibility and Plastic Flow
karlUtKW CatMélGtibrmamYyeToteTArkPaBFn;pþac;. vaGaclUteRkamkMlaMgTajedayKμaneRbH/
m:UDúlén)aøsÞicKW rgGMeBIbnþKñakMlaMgEdlmanGMeBIelIKña. )ayGrEdlmankMe)areRcInmanm:UDúl)øasÞIkl¥Edl
mankMe)artic. m:UDulpøasÞicmanPaBlUtCamYynwg kMeNagénCBa¢aMgdæ KWmanclnatictYcEdlmanGacemIl
eXIjrn§tMN cMeBaHkaryWtxøaMgenaHpleFobkMe)arsum:g;t_k¾ekIneLIgEdr. lkçN³BiessénkaryWtxøaMgdUcCa
I
sMNg;CamYysMPar³CatiKImI enaHRtUvman)ayGrEdlmankMe)artamtMrUvkar.
karbþÚrmaD³ karbþÚrmaD)ayGrGacekIteLIgeday 4krNIktþaénCatiKImIERbRbYl/ karvileTAmkénPaBesIm nig
s¶Üt suItuNðPaBERbRbYl nig karrYm rWrIkmaDénCatiKImI.
maDmankarERbRbYledaysarkarERbRbYlénCatiKImI nig karEfrTaMsMeNImGaRs½yeTAelIsmamaRt
énlay)ayGr brimaNTwk lkçx½NÐénkarEfTaM. )ayGrEdlEfrTaMCamYykarerobsMr:UbTwk. karekIneLIg
énbrimaNTwkvaCaehtueFVIeGaymanPaBrYj kñúgry³eBlEfrTaM)ayGr maDEdlERbRbYlKWminkat;bnßyPaB
Fn;rWry³eBlénCBa¢aMdæeLIy. karERbRbYlmaDedaykMedA eFVIeGaymanrIk rWrYjCBa¢aMgdæ. Tinñn½y)anbBa¢ak;
favakarmankarERbRbYlmaDedaykMedArvagdæ nig)ayGrBuMsUvmansar³sMxan;eT.
Brick Work 11
13. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
1> Rbdab;RbdaeRbIpÞal;éd
EpñkTI1 énCMBUkenHKW bBa¢IRbdab;RbdaRKwHEdltMrUvkarsMrab;karerobdæ rWdæsuIm:g;t_¬bøúk¦ nigbMerIbMras;
rbs;]bkrN_enH. eK)ayerobcMtamlMdab;TUeTAénkareRbIR)as; nig tYnaTIrbs;]bkrN_
dUcEdlGñkeXIj ]bkrN_xøHmancugmut cugRsYc dUecñHehIy)anCaesñIeGaymansuvtßiPaB nig
karGnuvtþn_rbs;]bkrN_.
EpñkTI2 énCMBUkenHsMedAenAelI]bkrN_erobdæ. bBa¢I]bkrN_vasUvmaneRcIneT ]bkrN_Biess²xøH
RtUvCYleKdUcCa EdkrnÞa sVan rNa EdleRbIkgkarerobdæ. eyIgRtUvcaMBakücas;mYyeBalfa
ñu
¬Gñkman ]bkrN_eBlGñkTij¦ eyIgcab;epþImBIsþaMCamYysaxarbs;]bkrN_³
Brick Work 13
14. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
rUbPaB2>1 KMrU]bkrN_eRbIR)as;pÞal;édCakMe)armñak;
RKb;]bkrN_erobdæ caM)ac;RtUvsMGat CuteGays¶ÜtbnÞab;BIkareRbIR)as;va eRBaH)ayGrGackk elI]bkrN_
rbs;eyIg. )ayGrxøHCab;elI]bkrN_bNþaleGaymankareRcH rWRblak;vabegáIt[mankarrMxaneRbIR)as;
CamYy)ayGr vamineFVIeGay)ayGrmanépÞrabesμIl¥. ebI]bkrN_enHminGacduHlag rWxat;sMGateTenaH vanwg
RtUveKbþÚrfμI.
1>1 søabRBa)ayGr
Pointing Trowel = søabRBaRsYc
Brick Trowel= søabRBa erobdæ
rUbPaB 2>2 søabRBaerobdæ
søabRBa)ayGreRbIsMrab;kat;dæ dYs)ayGr EdlCa]bkrN_sMxan;énCagkMe)ar. mansøabRBaBIrRbePT TaMg
BIenHeFVIeLIgTTwgtUcRsYcmuxdUcRCugéneBRC. k,alragRsYcgayRsYleRbIminb:HExSerobdæCaBiessdæesIþg²
Brick Work 14
15. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
søabRBaerobdæeFIVeLIgedayEdkKuNPaBl¥ manEpønig dggayRsYlkan;. enHEpñkmYyén]bkrN_sMNg;
Edlvarwgl¥ vaminxUcrW )ak;EbkeTaHbIeyIgeRbIxøaMgy:agNak¾eday. søabRBaEdlefak KWpSarP¢ab;KñaehIy gay
nwg)ak;. dgsøabRBaeFVIeLIgedayeQI )øasÞIk rWk¾Es,k. dgEs,kRsYlkan; b:uEnþmankarlM)akbnþiceBlEdl
eKaHrW vayben§Ir² elIdæ.
1>2 BaBaYrerobdæ
jBaÜrerobdæ rWdæsuIm:gt_manragFmμtaTUeTA dUceXIjkñúgrUbPaB vamancugmçagragkaer nigcugmçag
eTotdUcBnøakEdlGackat;k,alEdkeKal rWCaBnøakbMEbkbøúk rWdæ rWCa]bkrN_eFVIr:grag V )anenAtamtMNr
erobdæ.
rUbPaB 2>3 jBaYr
1>3 elEv:l Levels
elEv:l KW]bkrN_sMxan;sMrab;CagkMe)ar vaeRbIsMrab;begáItbøg;Edk rWbøg;QrénbnÞat;. edayelEv:l
RsYc niggayEbkkareRbIR)as;vaRtuv)anmankarRbugRby½tñ. elEv:l buraNmanRbEvg 34 GuIn eKGacehAfa
bnÞat;Rbeyalk¾)an.
rUbPaB 2>4 elEv:l
elEv:lGaceFVIBIelah³ rWeQICamYy ni gs‘uMEdk rwgmaMl¥. elEv:leQIEdlmanKuNPaBl¥KWeFVIeday
eQI nig EdklayKña.
Brick Work 15
16. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
rUbPaB 2>5 kaeFVIelEv:l
1>4 bnÞat;mancenøaH (Spacing Rules)
manbnÞat;Tuk cenøaH 3 RbePT EdlmanlkçN³BiessepSg² KñasMrab;erobdæ/ Em:RtTukcenøaHdæ
Em:RtTukcenøaHm:UDulEm:RtTukcenøaHmaRtdæan. Em:RtTukcenøaHdænig Em:RtTukcenøaHm:UDuleRbIsMrab;bøúk rW dæ.
eyIgnwg RtUvkarTaMgBIrsMrab;EbgEckcenøaHtMNrdæénsMNgEdlmandæeRcInRbePT.
rUbPaB 2>6 bnÞat;TukcenøaHnig Em:RtEdlmanmaRtdæan
Brick Work 16
17. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
1>5 Em:RtEdk
Em:RtEdkk¾mansar³sMxan;dUcEm:RtmaRtdæanEdr vagayRsYlkan;vas;bg¥Üc s‘uM énTVarehIyvaGacvas;
tamExSRkv:at;gayRsYl]bkrN_sMxan;² kñúgenaHk¾manEm:RtEdkpgEdr.
1>6 Bnøak rWEdkdab;
rUbPaB 2>7 Bnøak
manBnøakCaeRcInRbePT dUcCaBnøaktUcsMrab;tMrwmCaedIm BnøakeRcInRbePTenHvatMrUvkarkargarrbs;
eyIg. tMbUgBnøakkat;dæ ¬rWkt;bøúk rWdæsuIm:gt_¦ TTwgrbs;BnøakesμI eTATTwgrbs;dæRbEhlRbEvg 90 m>m.
cugmçageKRcugCamuxBnøak cugmçagRtg; ehIymuxBnøakdak;eTAelIdæeBlxøHminsUvesμI rWeBlxøHesμIl¥. tam
rebobenH eKGackat;cugéndæedIm,IbMeBjPaKrytMNrEdleFIVeGayCab; rWCit² Kñas¥at.
BnøatRbePTTIBIr CaBnøakKMrUsMrab;CagkMe)arvamanmuxxusKña.
rUbPaB 2>8 karkat;dæ
1>7]bkrN_tMNr
Brick Work 17
18. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
tMNr ¬dUcEdlelIkmkniyayenAkñúgRbePTjBaYr¦ eKeRbIsMGatmuxtMNr)ayGr. ]bkrN_enH rWkar
eRbIR)as;rbs;va KWRtUvsgát;eGaycMelItMNr ehIyGUseTAtamr:gén)ayGrtMNr. RbePTtMNrbBa©b;KW pSMeLIg
edaydæ epSgKñaeT GaceFVItMNrenaHkan;Ets¥ateLIg CamYyCBa¢aMerobdæ vadUcCaTwkkk rWnMexk GBa©wgEdr.
CaeKalkarN_man]bkrN_tMNrRbePT TImYynig kareBjniymKW]bkrN_tMNre):ag EdlCatMNr
mankarcab;GarmμN_éntMNr)ayGr GñkRtUvmanCMenOfa ¬tMNre)a:g ¦ eBlEdleyIgTij]bkrN_ rWbBa¢aTis rW
GñkTTYl ]bkrN_enHvaGaceRbICamYykarerobCBa¢aMfμ nig GacbegáItCatMNrRKb;² rWGgáaM)an. ]bkrN_d¾éT
eTot eyIgKYrdwgfa vaGaceFVIeGayeyIgcab;GarmμN_én)ayGrtMNr.
rUbPaB 2>9 U-Shaper Sled runner Convex Sled runner Pocket-side convex jointer
Convex Jointer KWmanRbEvgesμI Sledrunner Edr vaGacbegáIttMNrRtg;tamCBa¢aMgedayminxUgeRCA min
eRCAtic rWeRcInmü:ageTotvaTukehae)A:)an.
RbePT Sledrunner gayRsYleRbIehIymanRbsiT§iPaBeTotpgTTwgén]bkrN_GacERbRbYl ehIyCa
TUeTAeKGaceRbIRKb;RCugén]bkrN_énCagkMe)ard¾b:unRbsBV.
RkumsßabükreRbIEt]bkrN_tMNr Sledrunner EdlkareRbIrbs;vaRtg;esμIEpñkxageRkAéntMNr)ayGr.
]bkrN_tMNrTIBIr dUcEdleyIgsÁal;ehIyKW V-Jointer vak¾GaceGayerogTMrg; Sledrunner ¬e):ag¦ KW
eragdak;GkSr V bBa¢ak;éntMNr)ayGr. tMNrRbePTenHeBjniymNas;CamYynigkarKRKat rWrYjkNþaj;
EdlemIlBIeRkAeTAhak;dUceRcH nig EpñkxøHxUvcUlkñg. vak¾CakarcUlcitþcMeBaHdMNéndæebtugt_.
ú
Brick Work 18
19. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
rUbPaB 2>10 Sledrunner Jointer working
]bkrN_tMNrTI3 KW Grapeving jointer ]bkrN_enHvamanPaBKeRKIm rWRKab;tUc² rWGgáMEdkenAkNþal
EdlbegáItbnÞat;r:géntMNr)ayGr.
rUbPaB 2>11 ]bkrN_ Grapeving Jointer
]bkrN_TI4 vamncugsMEb:t eKehAfa ]bkrN_tMNr Slicker vabegáIteGayépÞerobesμI Slicker man
TTwgERbRbYl.
]bkrN_TI 5 vaGacbegáItépÞtMNrvagrdwbrdub EdlCakarv:as;ecjBImuxtMNrén)ayGr ]bkrN_
Skatewheel mankg;BIrnig édsMrab;kac;CamYybNþrEdkeKalEdlr:as;)ayGrecjBImuxtMNr.
Ú
Brick Work 19
20. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
rUbPaB 2>12 Flate Slicker Jointer
rUbPaB 2>13 Skatewheel Jointer Rater
18> Ekg/ RbGb;TwkexμA nig GMe)as
Ekgs‘uMKW CakarRtUveRcInbMputénEkg
rUbPaB 2>14 Ekgs‘uM
RbGb;TwkexμAvacaM)ac;Nas; sMrab;RtaesExSbnÞat;énCBa¢aMerobdæ. cMeBaHkargarxøHeKeRbITwkexμA BN’exov
b:uEnþsMrab;kagarsagsg;visVkmμvijeKeRbITwkexμAB’NRkhm.
rUbPaB2>15 RbGb;TwkexμA
bnÞab;BIeFVItMNrehIys¶Ütlμm eyIgcaM)ac;e)assMGatvaeday GMe)as rWCk;
Brick Work 20
21. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
rUbPaB 2>16 Ck;
1>9 ExSerobdæ
RbePTExSEtmYyKt;KYrykmkeRbIKW ExSnILúg ¬dUcbgðajkñúgrUbxageRkam¦. ExSnILúgva minyWtrW ya
xøaMgeBk rW minGacdac;edaysarsMeNIm rWkMedAéf¶. ExSnILúgvaCab;l¥ GacTajy:agyWttictYcEdlCakar
sMxan;sMrab;karEfrrkSakMritkMBs;CBa¢aM)anl¥. ExSnILúgeFVIeLIg karevjRt)aj;cUlKña rWRkgehIymanBN’
CaeRcIn.
rUbPaB 2>17 ExSnILúg
1>10 ExSmanm¢úlxÞas;/ ExSbøúk nig ExSKnøwH
bnÞab;BIerobdæ rWbøúkxag²rWEkg²rYcehIy eyIgRtUvTajeGaytwgBIcugmçageTAcugmçag. ExSGacP¢ab;
edayk,alEdkeKaledaysnÞwgy:agtigCamYym¢úlEdl ruMCuMvij duMbBa©ÚlenAkñúg)ayGreTAcugmçageTot.
Brick Work 21
22. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
rUbPaB 2>18 Line Brock and Block
rUbPaB 2>19 m¢úlxÞas; rW KnøWH
ExSRtas;esTItaMg éneQI )øanic latsn§wgy:agtwgBIcugmçag eTAcugmçag. tambeNþayCBa¢aMEdk
degáóbesþIg GaceKob rkcMNuckNþalénCBa¢aMg)an. degáóbesþIgEdleKehAfaKnøwH rWTwkEdleKmanbþÚrbnþ²
eTAelIlMdab;edIm,Ierobdæ.
maneragcRkpÁt;pÁg;ExSerobdæCaeRcIn ExSm¢úl ExSbøúk nigExSmanKnøwH eFVIkarpSayBaNiC¢kmμ nig
pSBVpSayeQμaHrbs;va.
rUbPaBExSm¢úl
1>11 kareRbIR)as;ké®nþkatExS
ebIsinCaeyIgeRbIlYssMrab;CMnYyénkarerobdæ KWvarwgl¥ ehIyEvg dUcenHeyIgRtUvmanké®nþsMrab;kat;
lYs. CagkMe)arGaCIBEtgEtmanké®nþjenAkñúgRbGb;sMPar³rbs;eK édké®nþTaMgBIrF¶n;sgxag dUcenHkat;ExS
vagayRsYledayRKan;Etsgát;édké®nþbnþicenaHk¾dac;
Brick Work 22
23. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
rUbPaB 2>21 ké®nþkat;lYs
1> ]bkrN_erobdæ
]bkrN_erobdæmankareRbobeFobeTAnwg ]bkrN_pÞal;édkñúgkarerobdæman]bkrN_BiessxøHdUcCa
rNa sVan GaRs½yelI]bkrN_erobdæeFVIkarerobdæ rWbøúkmankargayRsYl.
2>1 reTHruj
eyIgminGacxVH)annUvreTHrujeT manreTHruj Rsal eRbIdUcCareTHEfrsYn reTHmankg;mYyEdlman
lk;tamTIpSar vaeFVieLIgedayb:UlIsÞIELn EdksVItmaMl¥ dUecñHehIyeKeFVIdgeQI nigkg;12 GacrgTMgn;)an
eRcIn. ebIGñkcg;eRbIreTHRbePTNamYy RtUvKiteTAdl;karbnÞúkTMgn;gayRsYlsMGat bnÞab;BIeRbICa)ayGr rW
ebtugt_.
Wheelbarrow= reTHkg;mYy
Round Point Shovel= Eb:lmuxmUl
Spade= cbCIk
Square-brade shovel= Eb:lmuxRCug
Brick Work 23
24. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
rUbPaB 2>22 reTHruj nig Eb:lmUl
2>2 ]bkrN_lay)ayGr
kareRbIEb:lBIrRbePTxagelI KWEb:lmuxmUl rWEb:lmuxRCug sMrab;sMGatnigelIk)ayGrdak;reTH. KW
eyIgKYreRbIEb:lmuxRsYcCamYyniwg)ayGr rWPk;vagayRsYl rWrh½sCagvamanRCug BIrénépÞrbs;Eb:lgayRsYl
kñúgkarlay)ayGr.
2>3 RbGb;lay)ayGr
ebIGñkRtUvkarlay)ayGrnig cb GñkRtUvKiteTAdl;RbGb;lay)ayGr vamanTMhMepSg²Kña cMeBaH
RbGb;lay)ayGr vamanTMhMepSg²Kña cMeBaHRbGb;FM mankarlM)akkñúgElgsMGatnig pøas;TI.
rUbPaB2> 23 RbGb;lay)ayGr
2>4 kþarRT)ayGr
CagkMe)areRbIkþarRT)ayGredIm,IelIebok biT bnÞab;BI)ayGrlayehIy. CagkMe)arGaCIbcUlcitþeRbI
kþaebokCakþaRTeRBaHvaGacTuk)ayGreRcInCag.
Brick Work 24
25. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
2>5 kareRbIR)as;sIum:gt_ muIcesIr (Mixer)
eTaHbICamansuIm:gt_ muIcesIr b:EnþvaminCacaM)ac;kñúgkareRbIR)as;eT.
Brick Work 25
27. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
1> esckþIepþIm ³ karerobdæKW CalT§plénkardak;bBa©ÚlKñaéndæ/ )ayGr/ kav b¤cMNg.l. EdlCaEpñk
én CBa¢aMgdæ dætMrUvkarxMaP¢ab; eTATMrg;eTAemBRgwgCBa¢aMeQI emCBa¢aMEdk EdlxMcak;eRsHKñaCamYynig
cMNg )ayGr cMNgEdk dUcKña EdlcMeBaHbøúk dæsIm:g;t_ cMeBaHEdkcMNgeKEtgEtykcMNgEdkmkeRbI.
1>1 tMNr
tMNrerobdæmantMNredk tMNrk,aldæ nig tMNkNþal KWbMeBjeday)ayGrtMNrenHRtUvEteBj
eday)ayGreBlerobdæ.
rUbPaB 3>1 tMNr
1>2 tMNredknig tMNrk,aldæ
tMNrerobdæ KWtMNredk nig tMNrk,aldæman25 PaKryénépÞCBa¢aMgdæ. tMNredk
KWbMeBajeday )ayGr. tMNrk,alKW bBaÄrRtUvbMeBjeday)ayGrenAcenøaHdæTaMgBIr. TaMgtMNredk
nigtMNrk,aleFVIkar P¢ab;Kña begáItCaTMhMERbRbYleTAtamCBa¢aMdæehIykkdæ
rWerobdæCamYynwgcenøaHtMNr)ayGr.
1>3 tMNrbBa©b;
tMNrk,al nig tMNredk GacCatMNbBa©b;. edIm,IlMGreGays¥aténtMNrbBa©b;ehIy nig
begáInPaBCab; maM enAépÞCBa¢aMgrvay)ayGr nigdæ. enHCasar³sMxan;énCBa¢aMdæxageRkA
KWCatMNrbBa©b;manTi§BlénPaB Fn;sMeNIménCBa©aMtTaMgGs; sMrab;CBa¢aMxageRkA tMNrxUgxagkñúg tMNrxUg
ragGkSr V rWtMNrTaMg)ayCUrman niymeRcIn tMNrenHvaFn;nwgsItuNðPaB)anl¥ tMNrk¾manTi§Blxag
eRkAénCBa¢aM. CBa¢agxagkñúgkareRCIserIs tMNrKWsMedAeTAelIesaP½NÑPaB eRBaHPaBFn;énsMeNImKμan
T§iBleT. rUbPaB 3-2 bgðajmuxkat;éntMNr CamYykarbnßyénPaBFn;énsMenIm.
rUbPaB 3-2 tMNrbBa©b;
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rUbPaB 3-2 tMNbBa©b;
2>TItaMgdæ
TItaMgd©manTItaMg 6 RbePT kñúgkarerobdæ. The strecter, the header the rowlock, the rowlock
stretch(shiner), the sodier nig the sailor dUcrUbPaB 26/ eTaHCadæmanTMrg;epSgKña dUcCa the Header nig
rowlock KWsMrab;erobTTwg EdlCaesaP½NÑPaBmYyénCBa¢aMgdæ.
rUbPaB 3>3 TItaMgdæ
3> dæKMrU (Pattern)
KMrU Strecher CaKMrUEdleKeBjniymeRbIkñúgkarerobdæKMrU Strecher enAeBlEtmYyGacbegáItKMrU Stack
pgEdr. elIsBIenHeTotedIm,IlMGreKGaclayKMrUCaeRcIncUlKña eTACaKMrUrYmmYy. KMrUeBlxøHTTYl)anenAeBl
EdleRbICamYydærelagEtb:ueNÑaH rWk¾kMlat tNr pÞal;rbs;dæénCBa¢aMgdæ. BN’dæ ni gBN’)ayGrbBa©b;
k¾GacbegáItKMrUdæpgEdr. TMhMéndænig tMNr)ayGrk¾manT§iBlénCBa¢aMxageRkAEdr.
3>1 karerobdæ Running bond
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karerobdæ Running Bond KWCalkçN³RKWHy:agsamjEdlkarerobenHeKmineRbIdæTMrg; The header
eT EdkcMNgRtUv)aneKeRbIkñúgkarerobernH Running Bond RtUv)aneKerobkEnøgekag nig CBa¢aMgesþIg ehIyCa
jwkjab;dæsuIm:tt_nig kar:UdæeRbICamYydæ The Stretch .
3>2 karerobdæ American Bond
American Bond KWRbEhleTAnwg Running Bond, elIkElgEtRsTab;TI 5 ni gTI6 nig TI 7 KW erobdæ
The Headers TTwgTaMgGs;ehIy enAelICBa¢aMgtRtUvKña. RbvtþixøHénkarerobdæ RsTab;dæ the header RtUv)an
eKerobTTwgTaMgGs; vaCakarsMxan;Nas;EdlrobrebobenH manKMrUl¥ ehIyRtwmRtUv CaTUeTA 3¼4énCBa¢aMgdæ
KWcab;epþImdæ The Strecher Rkv:at;TTwg.
3>3 karerobdæ Flemish Bond
m:üagvijeTot karerobdæ Flemish Bond KWmandæ Strectcher nig Header kñúgRKb;RsTab; Edldæ
Header eRbIEtBak;kNþal. manBIrviFIénkaerobdæ Flemish Bond enAkñúgerob Dutch Corner KWcab;epþIm ¾ én
dæRKb;RsTab;.
enAkñúgrebob English Corner RKb;RsTab;RtUvbBa©b;eday 1¼4 éndæ.
3>4 reboberobdæ English Bond
KMrUénkarerobdæ English Bond RsTab;nImYy² pSMehIydæ header nig Strechere tMNrrvag Strecher
RtUv)anbMeBjbBaÄrTaMgGs;RKb;RsTab; Bak;kNþaldæ header RtUv)aneKeRbI elIkElgEtRsTab;TMrg;.
3>5 reboberobdæ Dutch Bond
KMrUverobdæ Dutch Bond KWmankarERbRbYlBI English Bond BItMNrQrrvag Strecher RKb;RsTab;min
dak;bBaÄreT b:uEnþG½kSéndæ Stretcher RKb;RsTab;RtUvdak;BIelI nigBIeRkam.
3>6 reboberobdæ Stack Bond
KMrUrebobdæ Stack Bond KWRKb;tMNrbBaÄrKWRtYtsuIKña rWRtg;elI KW dæmindak;elIKña. KMrUenHeKerob TMr
EkgEdlrwg enAkñúgCBa¢aMgEdlépÞdæmanTMrg;esμIl¥ b:uEnþRtUvRbugRby½tñnUvPaBbnSúIrbs;va.
3>7 reboberobdæ contemporary Bond
manKMrUerobdæburaNCaeRcInEdlmanlkñN³ lyecjnig ptxUgcUl énCBa©aMgdæ rW k¾TmøúHcugxagkñúg
CBa¢aMg. reboberobdæ Contemporary Bond xøH)anbgðajkñúgrUbPaB 3-5.
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TÞiBlénlkçN³Biess KWedaysarkarbþÚrBN’dæ PaBrelag éndæ tMNr)ayGrnig kEnøgptxUgcUl
rWly ecjénRsTab;xøH. karéqñRbDit KMrU tMerobdæ rWRkg rWeRTt éndæsuIm:g;t_dUcbgðajkñúgrUbPaB 28 RtUv)an
eKeRbIcMeBaHdæsuIm:gt_.
4>RbePTénkarerobdæCBa¢aMg
4>1 esckþIepþIm
CBa¢aMgdæEdlsmRsbbMput KWGaRs½yelIlkçN³BiessénktþaCaeRcIn KWrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgkareRbIR)as;
sMNg;dUcCa sMrab;mnusSrs;enA sMrab;pÞúksMPar³/ lkçN³GakasFatu sItuNðPaB nig sMeNIm nig sMNg;
RtUvKiteTAdl;bnÞúkmanclna kMlaMgxül; nig kMlMagrBa¢ÜydI. GñkKMeragénsMNg;dæ nigKitdl; karkMNt;
ktþaénPaBFn;TaMgenH. CaTUeTACBa¢aMgdæRbePTsMNg;P¢ab;CamYyrWpSMCamYy nig PaBFn;brisßan. CBa¢aMg
RtUvsMEdgeGayeXIjnUvcMNat;rbs;vafavargnUvT§iBlénsmasFatud¾éT rW k¾minGaRs½yenAsmasd¾éT CBa¢aMg
dæEdlP¢ab;eTAnwgd© Header cMNgEdk cMNgEdklayCamYy)ayGrkNþal. CBa¢aMgdæEdl rgnUvRbB½n§
RblayTwk CBa¢aMgr)aMg ]bsKÁepSg dUecñHenaHRtUvKiteTAdl;Fn;brisßanEtpgEdr.
4>2 CBa¢aMpÁúM nigCBa¢aMgeTal
CBa¢aMgpÁúMKwCaCBa¢aMgrgkMlaMgEtmYyb:ueNÑaH. TMrrwgrW TMrs‘ubCakarcaM)ac;rvagkarpSMbnÞúknigkarEckbnÞúk
CBa¢aMgviF (Wythe) KWmanGMBIdUcCBa¢aMgpÁúMEdr tMNrwgP¢ab;CBa¢aMgmYyenACBa¢aMgmYyedaydæ header rWcMNg
emEdkEdlpSM)ayGrxagkñúg. enAeBlEdlCBa¢aMgpÁúMeFVIGMeBIeTAvijeTAmk PaBFn;nigkMlaMgkat;TTwgGacbBa©Úl
eTAvijeTAmkEdlmanPaBFn;rwgmaM.
CBa¢aMeTalEtgEtcenøaHxül; nigCBa¢aMgdæpÁúMKñaCBa¢aMgeTalP¢ab;KñaedaycMNgEdk. CBa¢aMgviF Wythe
rgGMeBIÉkraCüenAeBlEdlmanbnÞúkeFVIGMeBIelIva kMlaMgeRkAbøg;EbgEckeTAelICBa¢aMgedaykMlaMgkac; rWkMlaMg
ekag. kMlMakñúgbøg;vargPaBFn;pÞal;rbs;va.
4>3 karP¢ab;énCBa¢aMgpÁúM
karP¢ab;CBa¢aMgdæBImYyeTACB¢aMgmYyeTot rWRbB½n§TMrdævacUlrYmKñaedaydæ/ cMNgEdk
rWk¾PaBp©itén )ayGr rWkavnigcMNgEdk ¬rUbPaB 29¦
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rUbPaB3-6 karP¢ab;CBa¢aMgpÁúM
cMNgdæ
cMNgrbs;CBa¢aMgKWGaRs½y TItaMgERbRbYléndæ Stretchers nigdæ Headers .kñúgkarerobdæ English
Bond mankarqøas;Kña éndæ Headers nig Strecters TTWg beNþay²layKña. karerobdæ Flemish Bond KWman
qøas;KñaTTwgTaMgGs; nigbeNþayTaMgGs;éndæ Headers nig Stretchers Edldæ Stretcher erobtambeNþay
CBa¢aMgehIyrgPaBFn;beNþay enAeBlEdldæ Headers erobTTwgehIyrgkMlaMgkat;TTwgénCBa¢aMg.
kñúgbTdæansMNg;CBa¢aMgdæ RtUvmandæ The Header y:agtic 4° ehIydæenHRtUvbgáb;eTAkñúgCBa¢aMg
y:agtic 75 mm kñúgkarP¢ab;enACBa¢aMgepSgeTot. enHCakarbnSúIrYmKñaéndæ (Headers).
cMNgEdkénkarerobdæ
EdlehAfacMNgKW karpþl;eGayénkarP¢ab;rvagkarerobdæeTAnwg)aténdæ EdlbBa©ÚlbnÞúkkat;Ekg
elIépÞénCBa¢aMgdæ CaTUeTARbBn§½cMNgRtUv ³
1> bgáb;kñúgCBa¢aMgl¥EdlP¢ab;kMNreTAnwg)aTéndæ.
2> RtUvmansrsrBRgwgedIm,IepÞrbnÞúk.
3> RtUvkMNt;eTAtamlkçN³emkanic
4> Fn;nwgPaBeRcH
5> gayRsYltMeLIgnwgeRbIR)as;
eTaHbICamanRbePTcMNgCaeRcInk¾eday RtUveKarBlkçN³TaMgR)aMenH KW cMNgEdkRCYj²/ cMNgExS
lYs/ cMNgEdkkñúgebtug/ nigcMNgEdkkñúgebtugk¾dUcbgðajkñúgrUbPaB3-7 cMNgEdkeRbIR)as;kñúgbøg;epSgKña
Edlpøas;TIenAkñúgRsTab;EtmYy. cMNgenAkñúgebtugEdk KWpSMeLIgedIm,IbegáInPaBFn;nwgepÞrbnÞúk. cMENk
RbB½n§éncMNgerobdæKWeFVIenAtamRsTab;². tMNEdkGgáaj;² EdleRbICamYykarEfrrkSasMeNIménCBa¢aMg
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RbB½n§TMnb;TwkKWminRtUv)anelIkmksikSaeT. eRBaHfatMNEdkGgáaj;² GacFn;nwgsMeNIm)an ehIynwgminGac
rwgl¥cMeBaHkarepÞrbnÞúkrbs;va.
RKb;cMNgRtUvEtEdkKuNPaBl¥Fn;nwgeRcH/ cMNgénPaBeRcHKYrEteFVIBIEdkrwgl¥ rWRClk;sg½ásI.
rUbPaB 3-7 cMNgEdk
)ayGr nigkav
)ayGr rWkaveFVIsMrab;P¢ab;KñaCamYycMNgEdkkñúgtMNkNþalénCBa¢aMgBIrCan; CamYyKñargGMeBIxab;
P¢ab;Kña. tMNkNþalRtUvbMeBjedaykav vargkMlaMgkat;TTwg)anl¥Cag bMeBjeday)ayGr énPaBFn;sMNg;
tMNkNþalRtUvbMeBjeGayeBj. tMNkNþal)ayG rWkavRtUvEtmancMNgEdkeFVIkarCamYyKña.
4>4 CBa¢aMgr)aMg CBa¢aMgkarBarTwk
RbBn½§énCBa©aMgr)aMg KWtMrUveGaymanPaBkMBg;éntMN)ayGrxageRkAénCBa¢aMgdæ. enAeBlEdlman
TwkePøógRCabCBa¢aMgxageRkAénCBa¢aMdæKWvaBüayamRCabeTACBa¢aMgxagkñúgeTot enAeblEdlTwkRCabdl;tMNr
kNþalmanr)aMgkarBarxagkñúgmin[RCabnþeTot ehIyTwkk¾RCabecjmkeRkAvijdUcrUbPaB 3-8. dUcenHRKwH
enHKWCatMNrkNþalRtUvmanr)agCamYy)ayGr rWkavedIm,ITb;Tl;T§iBlCMrab.
eTaHbICaCBa¢aMgr)aMgminRtUvkarr)aMgEdkRKbmuxtMN KWRtUvmankarbBa¢ak;y:agc,as;las;rbs;lkçN³va
lMGitmankarbBa¢ak;c,as;las;BIkMritsMrab;énPBFn;énTwk. CBa¢aMgmYyCan;eKGaceFVI)ankñúgkrNIBiessrbs;va
CBa¢aMgbnÞHeQICaFmμtaRtUvmankMras;minticCag 100mm bnÞab;mkCBa¢aMgdæxageRkAsMrab;bEnßmkMras;edIm,I
karBarCMrabTwkeTACBa¢aMgkñúg. CBa¢aMgmYyCan;minGackarBarTwk)anl¥dUcCBa¢aMgeRcInCan; rWCBa¢aMgr)aMg b:uEnþRtUv
mankarRbugRby½tñkñúgkarGnuvtþn_. CBa¢aMg (Single-Wythe) Gacsg;eLIgedaydætan; rWRbehagkNþal.
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rUbPaB 3-8 CBa¢aMgkarBarTwk nigCBa¢aMgr)aMg
CBa¢aMgkarBarTwkmanxül;enAeRkACab;bnÞHr)aMgkarBarTwkedIm,IkarBarCMrabTwkeTAkñúg. enAeBlEdl
TwkePøógRCabBICBa¢aMgxageRkA sMeNImk¾RCabeTAkñúgxül; ehIyk¾hUrRtlb;mkeRkAvijedaysarkarTb;énbnÞH
Edkr)aMg¬dUckñúgrUbPaB 3-8¦.
lkçN³BiessénkarelIkKMerag RtUvlMGitnwgsg;eLIgedaykMritl¥bMputedIm,IkarBarTwk.
4>5 karerobdæCBa¢aMgtan;
CBa¢aMgdætan; KWsg;eLIgedayCBa¢aMmYyCYr rWeRcInCYr. CBa¢aMgdætan;RtUvbMeBjeGay eBjnUvtMNxag
kñúgCBa¢aMgehIy)ayGr rWkav. CBa¢aMgdtan;sg;edaydætan;b¤dßæRbehag b:uEnþdMNreBjeday)ayGr. cMeBaH
CBa¢aMgdæEdlmaneRcInCan;tMNrbs;vaKYrEtbMeBjeday)ayGrrW kavCamYycMNgEdk. CBa¢aMgdætan;man
smasFatudUcCBa¢aMgr)aMgEdk. CBa¢aMgdætan;mansmasFatudUcCBa¢aMgr)aMgEdkEdr/ CBa¢aMgeRcInCan;/ man
cMNgEdk/ CBa¢aMgnUvPaBFn;CRmabTwk)anl¥ CagCBa¢aMgdæmYyCan;.
enHKWedaysarsMeNImminGacRCabTwkBICBa¢aMgxagkñúgeTACBa¢aMgxageRkA)an. CBa¢aMgdætan;KYrEtsg;
CamYyEdkBRgwgdUcCaCBa¢aMgmYyCan;eRbIdæRbehagedaydak;EdkBRgwgmUleTAkñúgRbehagdæ ebIdæerobeRcIn
CYrrW eRcInbøúk eKdak;EdktamCYr rWbøúkenaHedaybMeBjCamYy)ayGr rWkavenAtMNkNþalénCBa¢aMgdæ. CBa¢aMg
dævaxaMKñaeTAvijeTAmkedaysar)ayGr rWkavnigEdkBRgwg ¬rUbPaB 3-7¦. eRBaHfaEdkvamanPaBFn;xøaMg
eTAkMlaMgkac; nigCBa¢aMgdævamanPaBFn;xøaMgeTAelIkMlaMgsgát; dUcenHCBa¢aMgdænigEdkeFVIkarCamYyKñaman
RbsiT§PaB.
4>6 karerobdæCBa¢aMgRbehag
karerobdæCBa¢aMgRbehagmanBIrCYr rWeRcInCYrehIydac;BIKña edaycenøaHRbehag. cenøaHRbehagy:ag
ticbMputmanTTwg (...)mm ehIyCBa¢aMgP¢ab;Kñaeday)ayGr rWcMNgEdr. CBa¢aMgRbehagmanGMeBIrYmKña enAeBl
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EdleKsg;BIdæb:uEnþvamineFVIkarCamYyKña enAeBlEdleKerobCamYycMNgEdk. RKb;CBa¢aaMgRbehag karBar
CRmabTwk eTaHCaeRbIcMNgEdkk¾eday KWkarBarsMeNIm)anl¥CagCBa¢aMgdæepSgeTot ehIydæ Headers eK
eRbIsMrab;tMNkarBarsMeNIm eKmineRbIcMNgEdkeT.
4>7 CBa¢aMgerobdæesþIg
CBa¢aMgesþIgyufáaénsMNg;manCBa¢aMgxageRkA/ EdlP¢ab;cMNgEdkmçageTot ehIycenøaHkNþal enA
EpñkxageRkayénCBa¢aMgdæKW P¢ab;edays‘uMeQI/ TMBukEdk/ ebtug rWCBa¢aMgdæ ¬dUcrUbPaB 3-10¦ CBa¢aMgdæ
esþIg/ CaBiessKWvasg;eLIgedayP¢ab;TMBYkmçageTotKW mantMélefakeBleyIgEfrTaMva.
rUbPaB 3-10 CBa¢aMgdæEsþg
CBa¢aMgdæRtUvcMNgEdkkat;tamcenøaHxül; ehIyCBa¢aMgenHKWminpþMúKña . CBa¢aMgdæesþIgCaTUeTArgEt
TMgn;rbs;va . RKb;CBa¢aMgyufáa KWRtUvEtmancMNgExSlYsEdk rWTMBYkeQIxageRkay rWcMNgEdkGgáaj;²Edl
P¢ab;eTAeQI b:uEnþcMNgBRgwgedayExSlYsmincaM)ac;eT. karpøas;TIxusKñarvagdænig
TMBYkeQImankarRBYy )armÖcMeBaHsMNg;elIsBI1Can; b:uEnþcMNgExSlYsKYreRbIkñúgkrNIenH.
ral;CBa¢aMgyufáaesþIg KWsMrab;bgðÚrTwk ecj. ehIycenøaHxül;énCBa¢aMgKW 50 mm
elIkElgEtCBa¢aMgesþIgyufáaEdleRbICamYyTMBukeQIminRtUvdak; eGayRtUvTwkePøógeLIy
kMBs;rbs;CBa¢aMgRtUvkMNt;nwgP¢ab;eTAnwgtMbUlCaFmμtaCamYyTMBukeQI. sMrab;CBa¢aMg
esþIgeRbICamYyTMBukeQIeKRtUvkarcenøaHxül;RtwmEt 25 mm .
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CMBUk 4³ karGnuvtþn_
1> karBRgay)ayGr
kñúgkarsagsg;TIFøaedIrd¾tUcmYy eyIgKYrEteFVIkarlay)ayGredayédKW eyIglayrWRcbl;eGaysb;
rvagxSac; nigsuIm:g;k¾munnwgcak;TwkbBa©Úl b:uEnþKYrcaMfa cMNuHénreTHmYyCaTUeTAvaticCag bIRtIKuNhuIt RbEhl
CaeyIgRtUvkar 9dgedIm,I)an1RtIKuNy:at. PaBFn;énkMralx½NÐ KWsMxan;TItaMgénRsTab;sMNaj;EdlpSarkñúg
kMralx½NÐ/ sMNaj;EdkpSarKYrenAkNþalkMralx½NÐ ehIysMNaj;EdkpSarminKYrlyecjrW elceRkayBIcak;
ebtug karbMeBjedaycl½tsMNaj;EdkpSareTAkñúgBak;kNþaldæ rWdæfμPñMrwgEdlehAfa exñayeyIgRtUv):an;
sμanbrimaNebtugEdleyIgRtUvkarcak;eTAkñúgkMralx½NÐ kar):an;sμanenaHeyIgykmaDkñúgkMralx½NÐEckrwg27
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edIm,Ipøas;eTAbTdæanbBaðaCaRtIKuNy:at. kar)a:n;sμanl¥minRtUvelIs 8°ebImindUcenHeT eKRtUvbþÚrktþaplEck
BI 27 eTA25.
Full brick= dæepþk karbMeBj)ayGrtMNr
Mortar-filled joint=
Rake mortar bed = karqUt)ayGr)at Concrete stab= ebtugkMral
Mortar joint= )ayGrtMN Edge brick= dæxagcug
Embeded reinforcement= Edkbgáb; Welded wire mesh= karbMeBj)ayGrtMNr
Welded wire support= TMrkEBa©gEdkpSar Grave bed= karbMeBj)ayGrtMNr
Undisturbed soil= karminrMxandI
viFIGnuvtþn_
1> vas;BIExScgsn§wgedaybegÁalmankMBs;RtwmRtUvBIr bI cMnucCIkykdIecjeGayesμI.
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2> ekorfμ bnÞab;BIbgðab;ehIy eGaymankMras; 10cm esμIKña
3>eFVIkþarBum<cak;ebtug eFVIcnÞúlxag² énCBa¢aMgBum<.
4> kl;sMNaj;EdkpSarebtug edaykMNl;EdkpSar rWBak;kNþaldæ/ ¬dUckñúgrUbbgðaj¦.
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5> lay)ayGredayépÞkñúgenH rWk¾CYleK[layrW TTYlebtugEdllayrYcykmkcak;.
6> dak;dækarBarcugsgxagénkMralx½NÐeCosvagkareRbHEbk
7> eFVIkarRtaeselIépÞerobdæ ehIyerobdæeTAtamKMrUEdleyIgeRCIserIs
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8> BRgay)ayGrCaRsTab;elIépÞmuxnwgerobdæ ehIyqUt)ayGr
9> dak;dæeTAkñúg)ayGr edayeRbIExSeyIgRtUverobdæeGaysuIEkg nigtMrg;tamExS.
10> edayeRbIkav bMeBjeGayeBjeTAkñúgtMNdæ ehIyeyIgEbgEckTuképÞeGays¥atmuxnwg)aj;kav
bBa©ÚltMNr.
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11> RtUvbgðab;nigeFVI épÞeGayesμIl¥rvag)ayGrtMNnwgdæedayekor rWqUtelItMNrenaH.
12> sMGat)ayGredaysgát;enAépÞdæ eRbIedaysøabRBa)ayGr.
2> karerobdæepIgpáa
karerobdæepIgpáamanEckTIFøatamEpñkedayELk²BIKña rWbegáItkarBarCuMvijRckcUl. eyIgGacerob
dæFMrW tUc/ ctuekaNEkg/ kaer eRbIdædUcenAkñúgpÞH rWrcnabfepSg². KMeragenHkñúgeKalbMNgeTAtamlkçN³
BiessNamYy cab;epþImBIebtugepIgtag. eTaHCakarelIkKMeragmanEt 5RsTab; ehIynwgfμKMrb vapþl;
RKb;RKan;RsTab;dIelInigpáa EdleyIgGaclMGit)aneBlenH edaytMeLIgdIelInigpáa EdleyIgGaclMGit)an
eBlenH edaytMeLIgRsemaldænig fμKMrbCaeRcInRbePT. RbB½n§Twkl¥CaKnøwHénkarpÁúM enAkñúgepIgpáa )atRtUv
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manRbehag. enAkñúgepIgpáaeyIgGacbegáItRbB½n§Twk dUcenHedaytMeLIg bMBg;pøasÞicbgáb;enAkñúgRsTab;)ayG
enARsTab;)aténepIgpáaRtUvRkalfμ CamYyRkNat;cMeraHEdleFVImanRbB½n§Twkkan;Etl¥.
viFIGnuvtþn_
1>KYsbnÞab;eTAelIkMralx½NÐ rWeCIgtagedIm,IkMNt;brimRténepIgpáa.
2> eRbIEkgsu‘MedIm,IKUsmuMEkgenARCugénkMralx½NÐ
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43. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
3> BRgay)ayGrRsTab;eRkameTAtambnÞab;Edl )anKUsnigdak;)ayGrtamKnøgénbnÞat;eday
søabRBa.
4> erobdæRsTab;TImYyeTAtamExSbnÞab; ehIyeKaHdæeGaymankMBs;dUcKña RtUvtamTItaMgénExSbnÞat;
enAelI)ayGr.
5> tMeLIgbMBg;)øasÞicsMrab;RbB½n§Twkbgáb;kñúg)ayGrenARKb;)ayGrtMN
Brick Work 43
44. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
6> )at)ayGrnwgcugéndæ ehIysgát;)ayGrnwgsøaRBa.
7> tMbUgerobRtg;Ekg ehIyeRbIExS Block and String CaeKaledIm,IRKb;RsTab;.
8> BinitüExSQréndæmþgeTot edIm,IeGayc,as;faRCugénepIgpáa KWRtg;.
Brick Work 44
45. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
9> bnÞab;BIkMBs;énRsTab;nimYyesμIKña RtUvekornwgcugsøabRBatambeNþayéntMNnUv)ayGrEdlsl;.
10> enAeBlEdl)ayGrrwg eyIgKUsnwg]bkrN_ Striking tambeNþayefñresμIl¥ nigbegáIttMN
11> dak;bgáb;)ayGrenAkñúgRsTab;fμKMrb ehIytUcCacg¥ÚrkNþaledaysøabRBa.
Brick Work 45
46. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
12> sgát;elIfμKMrbeTAelI)ayGr ehIyeRbI Level edIm,IR)akdfa vart;CYrKña.
3> karerobdæEsþgBak;kNþalCBa¢aMg
eyIgsagsg;CBa¢aMgesþIg²elIpÞH/ EtminEmnerobdæTaMgGs;et b:uEnþeyIgRtUvRbugRby½tñkrNIsMxan;BIr³
TImYy eyIgRtUvmanTMrEdlRTTMng;dæ RKwHxøHmanTTWgsrsrlμmRTrTMgn;ehIysrsrepÞrTMgn;enARKHnigeCIg
tagEdlRTRTg;TMgn;)anRKb;krNI ehIyGñkcaM)ac;RtUvmantMNrEdkrag L P¢ab;enAnwgRKb;CBa¢aMgerobdæsuIm:g; rW
dæbøúkRbEhl 40 cm RtUvebtugrW s‘umeQIénCBa¢aMgTIBIrRtUvTak;TgeTAnwgkarbRgYménkarKRKat cenøaHCBa¢aMg
esþIgnwgCBa¢aMgpÞH eyIgGacpøÚvRbeyaCn_ ¬edaydak;TuypøasÞikkñúg)ayGr¦ enAkñúg2RsTab;xageRkay. tam
RbB½n§cas; eKeRbIExSbMe)asbBa©ÚlTwktamrn§tUc b:uEnþvaminTUeTAeT.
Brick Work 46
47. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
viFIGnuvtþn_
1> dak;tMNrag L eTAnwgsrsrRKwH ehIyvayEdkeKaleRsamxageRkam ³
2> )at rWebok)ayGrtMbUleTAcugéntMN ehIyRKbRkdasminRCabTwkeTAelIefñr.
Brick Work 47
48. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
3> kwbRkdasminRCabTwkénkareRsabsTab;TI1 dUenHvaRKb)ayGrtMbUlnig tMN.
4> bEnßmRkdasminRCabTwkRsTab;TIBIr sMrab;karBarbEnßmkareRsamnig s‘um.
5> KUskMBs;énbnÞat;elIRkdasminRCabTwk enARKb;4 RsTab;dæmþg.
Brick Work 48
49. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
6> kMNt;sMKal;TItaMgTMBYk edayKUsbnÞat;RKb;RbEvg 40cm mþgtambeNþayénCBa¢aMg.
7> EbgEck 3¼8 inch énbnÞHkþaeGaysm edIm,Idak;)ayGrerobdæRsTab;TI1.
8> dak;BRgay)ayGelIdæénRsTab;TI1 EdleTIberobrYc.
Brick Work 49
50. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
9> dak;)ayGrenAcug rWk,aldæmunnwgerob edayeKarBeTAExSbnÞat;tambeNþayCBa¢aMg.
10>bBa©ÚlbMBg;pøasÞiceTAkñúg)ayGrtMN enARKb;TItaMgdæTI3kñúgRsTab;TI2tMbUg.
11> vayEdkeKaltMNdæenARKb;TIr bI RsTab;mþgedIm,ITb;dæeGayCab;CaCBa¢aMgEtmYy.
Brick Work 50
51. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
12> Bt;EdktMNbgáb;cUleTAkñúg)ayGrtMN kñúgExSerobdæbeNþayCBa¢aMg.
13> BinitüExSRbeyalenARKb;BIr bIRsTab;mþg edIm,IeGayc,as;faCBa¢aMgQrRtwmRtUv.
14> BinitüpgEdr kMBs;edkrbs;dæenARKb;BIr bI RsTab;mþgeTaHbICaeyIgeRbIExSerobdætambeNþayk¾eday.
Brick Work 51
52. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
15> tMeLIgtMNrag L eRkambg¥ÜcedIm,ICYykñúgRCabTwkeTAkñúgCBa¢aMg.
16> eFVIRbeyaledIm,Ikat;dæ Rowlock edIm,Is‘um.
17> BRgayRsTab;)ayGresþIgsMrab;dæ Rowlock bnÞab;mkerobvabeNþayRsTab;x<s;bMput.
Brick Work 52
53. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
18> dak;)ayGrelIépÞéndæ Rowlock ehIyerobvaelIkkMBs;vaRbEhl 5cm .
19> eRbI]bkrN_tMNTaMgGs;munnwgEfTaM)ayGreGayesμIEdlCaehtueFVI[TwkminRCabcUltMN.
20> biTRkEhg rWrn§tUc²éntMNrvagbg¥Ücnig dæehIysMGattamefñréndæ.
Brick Work 53
54. Civil Engineering Department NPIC
4> karEfrkSanig CYsCul
karvaytMélCBa¢aMgdæ KiteTAelIbgÁb;rbs;va eRbHFMEdlCakMhus eTAelIKMeragTaMgGs;BImunehIykar
CYsCulGs;tMéleRcIn. kMhusF¶n;F¶rminedaHRsay)aneBlEdlEpñkxøHmansMrut ehIyEpñkxøHminRsutRKwHnig
CBa¢aMgxagelIGaceRbHedayrgbnÞúkhYs.
sBaØaénRKwHsMNg;manbBað enAeBlEdleRbHtambeNþaytMN ekIteLIgedaysardæ tUc FM rWe)a:g rW
pt tampøÚvedIr eyIgGacBinitüGacekagBi)akCYsCulcMeBaHépÞFM dænig)ayGr.
Brick Work 54