Open 2013: The Challenges of Simplifying and Packaging Creative Engineering ...
Open 2013: Impact of Increased Water Capacity on Sustainability of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Facilities
1. Dr. Karen Loeb and Dr. Renée Botta
University of Denver
An Academic, Rotary, and NGO cooperative
project in Kibera, Kenya
www.globalwashes.wordpress.com
2. Kenya & Kibera
About 34% of Kenyans live in urban
areas, with approximately 2.5 million
living in Nairobi.
The urban poor make up 55% of
Nairobi’s total population and occupy
5% of the total residential land area.
Kibera is an informal settlement
situated on the southwestern part of
the city of Nairobi.
The square mile of Kibera comprises 11
villages and is home to at least half a
million people living in slum conditions
of single rooms, mostly made of mud
and corrugated iron sheets.
3. Proposed Solution: Community-Run Water,
Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Systems
Toilet, Shower (Bathroom), and Hand Washing Facilities…
…plus Water, Purifiers, and Liquid Soap Enterprises
4.
5. Making it Work!
-Liquid Soap Making
in Hygiene Training
Usage & Financial Record-
Keeping in Business Training-
Community Governance Decision-Making
6. Total Usage (Feb-July 2012)
Total Usage
1400
Number of Uses
1200
1000
Nyando
800
41
600
Jola
400
MSF
200
Kisinga
0 Okere
Wamunyu
7. Expenses & Revenues Feb-July ‘12
Misc Total Expenses
5% Liq Soap Total Revenue Donations
0% 0%
Showers
13%
Water
18%
Water
32%
Attendant
55%
Toilet
Tissues 69%
3% Soap
5%
8. Net Margin: Feb – July 2012
Net Margin by Facility
1600.00
1400.00
1200.00
1000.00
Nyando
800.00 41
KSH
Jola
600.00
MSF
Kisinga
400.00
Okere
200.00 Wamunyu
0.00
-200.00
-400.00
9. Diagram of Facilities and Plan for
Increased Water Capacity Wat/San Facilities in Kibera
(Ndugu School not included)
Pump Area 41
New Line
Nyando 50m
with a
Gravitational
Platform
Flow
mm 250m Wamunyu
2 levels
100m Pump Pump
Pumped MSF
150m Water
Jola
50m Okere
2 levels
Kisinga 100m
Existing Pumping Pump
Station
Funnel for Rain
Water
Existing 5000L Tank New 10,000 L Tank Catchment
12. Total Usage (Aug 2012-Jan 2013)
Total Usage
2500
Number of Uses
2000
1500 Nyando
41
1000 Jola
MSF
500 Kisinga
Okere
0
Wamunyu
13. Expenses & Revenues Aug 2012-Jan 2013
Total Revenue
Misc Total Expenses Liq Soap Donations
5%
4% 0%
Showers Water
17% 30%
Attendant
42%
Water
43%
Toilet
49%
Tissues Soap
7% 3%
14. Net Margins (Aug 2012 - Jan 2013)
Net Margin by Facility
4000.00
3500.00
3000.00
2500.00
Nyando
2000.00 41
KSH
Jola
1500.00 MSF
Kisinga
1000.00
Okere
Wamunyu
500.00
0.00
-500.00
15. Alternative Governance Models
1. CBO – SDG Hierarchical Model: Sharing Across CBOs (Kisinga)
2. CBO – Organic Operations Model: Independent Decision-Making (Jola)
3. CBO – Early Mobilization Model: Community Decision-Making
(Jollyland)
16. Conclusions
Increasing water capacity and flow to facilities:
Mitigates to some degree impact of water rationing
Covers major operational expenses of facilities
Yields positive net margins month-to-month
Creates community access to portable water
More convenient, more economical, potentially safer supply
Increases water-based services (e.g., showers)
Drives greater usage of sanitation facilities
Supports related entrepreneurial solutions (liquid soap, purifiers)
Impacts Positively 3 P’s of Sustainability: Profit, People, Planet
Notas del editor
Audience: Decision-makers from various large foundations. Problem: are we ready to submit major funding
Renee
Having a facility doesn’t guarantee success, from lack of water due to pipe blockages, water rationing, poor management, lack of understanding of what causes disease and death, lack of hygiene knowledge and practices. Following extensive surveying and comparative analysis of similar kiosks, we developed a model of what might change this situation.
EG: Business (SOPs, financial records)
From just 3 facilities over 600 in July, by January, now 5 facilities over 1000 usages/mo. With Kisinga taking off…only two that are not are Wamunyu and MSF.
Changesin expenses and revenue %: 55% attendant to 42% , 32% water to 43%. Clearly, selling water and using it for toilets and showers. Revenues: 69% toilet, 18% water, 13% showers 49% toilet, 30% water, 17% showers.
Kisinga before ~ 1400 July net margin, peaked in January 3400! More than double