1. Mutations
Jasmin Mena
Period.3

2. What is Mutation?
-Mutation is changes in the nucleotide sequence
of DNA.
-Mutations can occur in somatic-cells [which
AREN'T passed to offspring.].
-Also may occur in gametes and CAN be
passed to an offspring.

3. Types Of Mutations:
• Deletion
• Inversion
• Translocation
• Non-Disjunction
• Duplication

4. Which Mutation is the most
harmful?
The most harmful mutation is NON-
DISJUNCTION. It's the most harmful
because it leads to many failures like
separating chromosomes during
meiosis,have more chromosomes, and
cause disorders like Down-Syndrome.

5. I will be talking about the most known
syndrome; Down Syndrome.

6. What's Down syndrome?
Down-Syndrome is a disorder that is
caused by a chromosomal condition.

7. Does Down Syndrome affect the
nervous system?
Down Syndrome will always
affect the nervous system;
the enteric nervous system
it can operate on itself to
the brain and spinal cord.

8. Who usaully can get it Males or
Females?
Down Syndrome is most common in
boys than girls.
Down Syndrome can also be found in
animals like dogs and cats.

9. Chart to represent the percent risk of a baby having down
syndrome from mothers age;

10. Does smoking, drinking, and doing
drugs affect a baby to get Down
Syndrome?
• NO
• Researchers say that "drug and
alcohol use does not increase the
risk of having a child with Down
Syndrome."

11. Symptoms Of Down-Syndrome:
• Hympotonia-low muscle tone.
• Hyper flexibility-very flexible and
double jointed.
• Depressed Nasal Bridge/Flat Nose
• Low Set Ears.
• Small and arched palate big wide
wrinkly tongue.

12. pictures.

13. Non Disjunction can also cause:
• Turner Syndrome
• Klinefelter Syndrome
• Noonan syndrome

14. Is there treatment for Down
Syndrome?
• Parents and/or siblings have to give
them so much attention and care so
they can learn well and have a
good health life.
• The other treatment is to have a
one hour procedure in the fetal
stem cell takes place under the skin
but its a painless procedure.

15. STANDARDS
Unit 3;
STANDARD 5C
Students know how genetic engineering
(biotechnology) is used to produce
novel bio medical and agriculture
How do the standards link?
These standards relate to my presentation
by using standard 5C telling students that
biotechnology uses and tests things out like
chromosomes to see the mutation happening
or is going to happen. By using standard 9C
it’s telling student the nervous system has a
lot to do when there is a person with down
syndrome/autism and can effect the person
actions/behavior.
Unit 9;
STANDARD 9C
Students know how the nervous
system mediates communication between
different parts of the body and the
body's interaction with the environment.

16. CITATIONS
• Carson-dewitt, Rosalyn. "Life Script." Lifescript.com. Nov. 2009. Web. 30 Nov.
2011.
• "Down Syndrome Facts." Tips and Tools For Helping With Special Needs. Web.
28 Nov. 2011.
• "Enteric Nervous System." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 28 Nov.
2011.
• "Down Syndrome." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.
• "Down Syndrome." Wikidoc. Web. 27 Nov. 2011.
• National Association For Down Syndrome. Web. 29 Nov. 2011.
• "Nondisjunction- Definiton of nondisjunction". Increase Vocabulary Word of The Day
Text Message. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.
• "Noonan Syndrome- Pictures, Symptoms.", Life Expectancy."Current Health
Articles and Tips. Web. 29 Nov. 2011.
• Rosenblun, By Laurie. "Young Health". Wisconsin Hospitals,
Doctors, Physicians, Clinics and Pharmacy: Aurora. Web. 29 Nov. 2011.
• Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Down Syndrome: Causes - MayoClinic.com." Mayo Clinic.
Web. 30 Nov. 2011.
• "Turner Syndrome." Ashland Human Biology. Web. 30 Nov. 2011.