Contextual Experience Prototyping Tutorial

Contextual Experience
Prototyping
Thomas Grill
mailto:thomas.grill@sbg.ac.at
03.12.2013

T
utorial at AMI 2013
Human Computer Interaction & Usability Unit

http://icts.sbg.ac.at

●

Contextual Experience Prototyping
• The

ICT&S Center

!
! Research Center at the
!
!
!
!
! approx. 40 interdisciplinary
researchers
! located in the center
! of Salzburg

● Experience Prototyping - Contextual Experience Prototyping

!2 / 102

● Agenda
• 14-15:30

(Contextual) Experience Prototyping
• 15:30-16:00 Coffee Break
• 16:00-17:30 Prototyping the Experience …


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1

What is the
experience?
prototyping UX …

What is the
context?
… workers man the Motorola smartphone plant in Fort Worth, Texas. U.S. factories….
● Experience Prototyping - Contextual
source: http://www.salon.com/ Experience Prototyping

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1tasks

coworkers

time pressure
work day

supervisors

clothing
light

What is the
context?

machines
materials

temperature
room


noise
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1

t

fun

emotions

What is the
experience?

happiness
anger
trust

anger

safety
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regulations/law
1 im
mobile phone
car

What is the
experience?

traffic jam
What is the
context?
●

Experience Prototyping - Contextual Experience Prototyping

safety
safety
anger
boredness

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1

Kids experiences …
Maypole Project

fun

!

Goal:
Create prototypes that
would give children an
experience as close as
possible to that evoked by
the final solution
! Nokia built working sets of
picture communicators
that the design team was
able to distribute to
children who could take
them away and play with
them for days at a time

social

!

communication
mobile context


emotions
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1

What is a prototype?
pro-to-type n.
1. An original type, form, or instance serving as a basis or standard for later stages.
2. 2. An original, full-scale, and usually working model of a new product or new version of an existing product. 3. An early,
typical example
[http://www.dictionary.com; accessed January 13, 2004]

“ ‘Prototyping’ is externalizing and making concrete a design idea for the purpose of evaluation”
Bill Verplank, 1992


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1

What is a prototype?


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1

Goals …
visualising …
communicating …

iterating …

for evaluation purposes

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1

Da Vinci’s flying machine …


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1

Visualisation …

• http://www.engadget.com/2013/05/15/visualized-google-glass-prototypes/


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1

Service prototype
• The

aim is verifying what
happens when some
external factors interfere
during the service
delivery, factors that it’s
not possible to verify
during the preceding
tests in the laboratory
but that have a great
impact on the user
perception and
experience.

The service
prototype is a tool for
testing the service by observing
the interaction of the user with a
prototype of the service put in the
place, situation and condition
where the service will actually
exist.
!

(2007) Dan Saffer, Designing for Interaction. Creating Smart Applications and Clever Devices, New Riders Book.


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1

The process …

CHAPTER

The Effective Prototyping Process

S T EP

STEP

S T EP

Plan

Verify Requirements
ch 4

Develop Task Flows
ch 5

Define Content and Fidelity

S T EP
S T EP

ch 6

Specification

Choose a Method

Choose a Tool

ch 8

ch 9

Select Design Criteria
ch 10

S T EP

S TE P

7
8
9
10
11

ch 7

Review the Design

ch 11

ch 12

S T EP

Results

Create the Design

STEP

Design

Determine Characteristics

S T EP

4
5
6

ch 3

Validate the Design

ST EP

PHASE

PHASE

PHASE

PHASE

1
2
3
4

1
2
3

Deploy the Design

ch 13

Prototyping requirements to evaluate requirements …
Helps understanding the context and scenarios …
Low vs. high fidelity
Audience, stage, speed, longevity, expression, style,
medium, fidelity
Card sorting, wireframing, storyboards, paper prototypes,
digital prototypes, video prototypes, Wizard of Oz, Coding
Map method to tool …
Visual design guidelines, usability guidelines
Build the prototype …
Internal review of the prototype …
Evaluate, validate and iterate the prototype …
Your prototype is ready …

Arnowitz, J., Arent, M., and Berger, N. Effective Prototyping for Software Makers. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA, 2006.


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1

Experience Prototyping
• The

experience prototype allows designers to show and
test the solution through an active participation of the
users.

What about the experience?


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Experience prototyping

1

What is experience
prototyping?
Experience prototyping is a method for
testing new service ideas and designs. They
are used to show what the experience will be
like and help to test and develop parts of the
solution.
Prototypes could be a physical model of a
roleplay to focus on the service’s interactions.
Prototypes should focus on the service’s most
important or unusual touchpoints.

Prototypes do not need to look beautiful or
take a long time to make. It is more important
to create something quickly, test it and then
improve the design.

Useful tips
Don’t be afraid to use your imagination;
prototypes don’t need to work, they are just
props to help explain what the experience
might be like.
Remember that prototypes are only created to
help you improve, so don’t worry if it doesn’t

1

Look at your service
blueprint and think
about which touchpoints
might need protoyping.

2

5

Create another
version of the
prototype with the
improvements based on
your users’ feedback...

4

Ask your users to
feedback on the
prototype. Remember
to get the opinion
of older adults and
younger people.

Decide how you are
going to prototype it;
you could make a model
or act out an interaction.

What is the difference?
Is this
experience
prototyping?

3

Take photographs or
video so that you can
review the prototype.
Does the prototype meet
the service principles
you created in the
discover stage? If not,
how can you change it
to meet them?


http://hvcollege.com
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1

• The

experience prototype allows designers to show and
test the solution through an active participation of the
users.
!
!

it is NOT about the  
creation of a formalized  
toolkit or a set of  
techniques

!

it is about developing  
an attitude and language  
to solve design problems

!

The
experience prototype
is a simulation of the service
experience that foresees some of its
performances through the use of
the specific physical touchpoints involved.

(2000) Marion Buchenau, Jane Fulton Suri, Experience Prototyping, paper presented at the Symposium on Designing Interactive Systems.


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1

Experience Prototyping Traditional Prototyping

• Creating

a prototype

a design
! an interactive system
! within a specific context of use
!

prototype

Product
(Charachteristics of the
product)

prototype

User Requirements
(Characteristics of target
users)

aware

prototype

Context of use
(Characteristics of the
context)

aware

!

• The

prototype

design criteria

product requirements?
! usability criteria?
!
! UX factors
! towards an  
“integrated experience”
!

Design problem is
shaped by the
product requirements

Design problem is an
integrated experience
Designer

adapt
presentation
Audience

Stake holders

Designers
Users


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UX Factors


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1

• Experiencing

the prototype

!

Challenges
Design for broader spectrum of
target users (e.g. children, elderly,
people with disability, illiterate
people, etc.)

Investigate experiences
Designer
• UX Factors
Design for new contexts (e.g.
airplane, cars, rural areas,
Experience
factories, narrations, diaries, …
• by means of interviews, focus groups,etc.)
Prototyping
!
Design for new forms and materials
of interaction (e.g. tangible,
! Examples
gesture-based, dialog-based,
bendable, etc.)
• Investigate Emotions
• Investigate Trust
Purpose
Improve design decisions through
• Investigate the “whole experience”
(self-)experiencing the integrated
!

experience of design concepts

Customize the communication of
design concepts to different
audiences


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1

• How

does an experience
prototype influence the
experience?

Factors deﬁning
experience
quality

!

Degree of context and
explanations

influences the
prototype?

Appropriate framing of
experience

• What

Experience requirements
! Designers
! Fidelity of the prototype

Experience-requirements

!

Designer's empathy for
audience

Analysis through e.g. :
contextual observations, user
testing or participative design
methods

Designer's empathy for
situation

Progress in realization

Fidelity of prototype


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1

Experience Prototypes


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● Experience Prototypes
• Fidelity:

High
• Method: Video Prototyping
• Context: Mobile Context, Social Context
!
• Experiences

- UX Factors:

Social (Reputation, Friends, Meeting new people)
! Emotions
! Perceived Usefulness
!


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● Experience prototype
• The

experience
prototype allows
designers to show and
test the solution
through an active
participation of the
users.

any representation,
in any medium, that is
designed to enhance the
understanding, exploration or
communication of what it might be like
to engage with the product, space,
or system a company is
designing.

• Experience

Prototype

StreetFlyer Flying Sensation Experience Prototype


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● The story
I was a frequent pedal paddler when I was a kid until I got
myself into an accident. After that I have never really found
the two wheeled form of transportation to be quite as
exciting again. Well, of course, I have been up in the saddle
after that, and even gotten myself one of those high end
mountain bikes when I was in my twenties, but I didn’t
really use it that much. When it got stolen, I never cared to
really venture into that territory again. Of course, like every
guy, I have been pushed by adrenaline to get myself a
motorcycle, but the thought of ending up in one of those
accidents again, this time during way higher speeds, makes
me want to take the safe route around. However, there are
definitely other things out there that have wheels, and that
are strikingly similar to biking.

fear, lost excitement ….
value

fear
safety, trust
curious for new things


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1

What’s the contextual in it?
• Schilit

and Theimer (1994) refer to context as location,
identities of nearby people and objects, and changes to
those objects.
• In a similar definition, Brown, Bovey et al. (1997) define
context as location, identities of the people around the
user, the time of day, season, temperature, etc.
• Ryan, Pascoe et al. (1998) define context as the user’s
location, environment, identity and time.
• Dey and Abowd’s definition (2001)
!

Context is any information that can be used to characterize the
situation of an entity. An entity is a person, place, or object that is
considered relevant to the interaction between a user and an
application, including the user and applications themselves.


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1

Experience Prototyping Methods

Roomstorming
Bodystorming

Video Prototyping

Wizard of Oz
Prototyping

Interaction Prototyping
Semi-Functional
Paper Prototyping
Prototype
Design Studio
Sketching
Functional Prototype
Wireframing

Low
Fidelity


High
Fidelity
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1

Experience Prototyping Methods
• Sketching
!

vs. Prototyping

The difference lies in the intent.

!
• Paper

Prototyping, WireFraming, …

Low Fidelity to explore and communicate ideas
! Iterate
!

!
• DesignStudio
Bring all stakeholders together
! iterate, sketch, prototype, design …
!

!
• Wizard

of Oz Prototyping

Evaluation vs. Prototyping
! Live prototyping, experience dynamic situations
!


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1

Some examples …
• PainStation
• SpaceTop
• Musical

Embrace
• IllumiRoom
• AgeSuit
•…


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● PainStation


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● PainStation - Experience

Game-experience: A

simple Pong Game


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Physical experience: how

much pain can you stand …


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Physical experience: playing

together, community, …


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● PainStation


http://vimeo.com/3956100
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● SpaceTop
• Experience
Experiencing alternative interaction
! Emotions (e.g. Fun), perceived trust, perceived utility, …
!
!

!
• Context
Mixed Interaction Environment (3D + real world)
! Augmented Reality
!


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● SpaceTop


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● Musical Embrace
• Experience
Social experience
! Bodily interaction
! Touch experience
! Emotions
! Interacting in an
“unorthodox” way
!

!
• Context
digital game
! real world
!

http://exertiongameslab.org/projects/musical-embrace


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● Examples


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● AgeSuit
• AgeSuit

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXLVLSgX3Ig


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● AgeSuit
• Experiences
Vision
! Restricted motion
! Reduced muscular strength
! Being old
! Being ill
!
!
!

• Context
Real life
! Getting older
! Living in an aging society
!…
!


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● AgeSuit


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● IllumiRoom
• IllumiRoom:

Peripheral Projected
Illusions for Interactive Experiences
IllumiRoom augments the area surrounding a
television screen with projected
visualizations to enhance the traditional
living room entertainment experience.
! Jones, B. R., Benko, H., Ofek, E., and Wilson,
A. D. Illumiroom: peripheral projected
illusions for interactive experiences. In
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on
Human Factors in Computing Systems
(2013), ACM, pp. 869–878.
!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJ4hWa6y710

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● Illumiroom


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● and many more …
• Joggobot
!

Graether, E., Mueller, F. 2012. Joggobot: A
Flying Companion as Flying Companion. CHI
2012. Interactivity.

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
• and

many more …


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Experience Prototyping at the ICT&S Center
Automotive Context

Factory Context

Experience Research
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Example: Factory
• Factory

Mid/Fi Simulation

!
Performance
! Emotions
! Perception of alerting modes
!


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Example: Factory
• Factory

Mid/Fi Simulation

!
Performance
! Emotions
! Perception of alerting modes
!


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1

Example: Factory


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1

Example: Factory
• Levels

of Fidelity
• Multimodal feedback experiences


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1

Example: Mobile Navigation
• CIF

running on a Laptop
• Human Wizard uses
ConWIZ
Control prototype
! Control simulation of
environmental parameters
!
!

• Evaluation

of

navigation commands
! usability of mobile wizard
!

[1]

Thomas Grill, Ondrej Polacek, Manfred Tscheligi. Conwiz: A
tool supporting contextual wizard of oz simulation. Proc. of
MUM 2012. ACM, 2012.


ConWiz - Mobile Wizard
Evaluation
!5!52/ 102
2

1

Example: Digital Bookshelf
• Hi/Fi

Interaction Prototype

!
Gesture based real world interaction
! Experiencing digital information
!


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1

Example: Digital Bookshelf


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●

LOLLio
Pump

Liquid

Sensors
Human Prototyping - Contextual Experience
● ExperienceComputer Interaction & Usability Prototyping

Steven Greenberg
http://www.icts.sbg.ac.at/ / 102

●

Human Prototyping - Contextual Experience
● ExperienceComputer Interaction & Usability Prototyping

http://www.icts.sbg.ac.at/ / 102

1 GhostCatcher Game


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● RainbowBalance Game


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1

Example: Turning Display
• Mid/Fi

Experience Prototype

!
Content rotation apart from a numerical speed representation
! Effects of steering wheel display on visual fatigue
! Effects under real driving conditionsContent rotation apart from a
numerical speed representation
! Effects of steering wheel display on visual fatigue
! Effects under real driving conditions
!


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1

Example: Turning Display


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Example: CarTeam


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Intentionally left blank
time for a break …


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CIF Tutorial
Putting hands on Contextual Experience Prototyping
• The

CIF Tutorial shall provide
the participants with insights
about
targeting experiences when
prototyping
! the role of context
!
! usage of tools for contextual
experience prototyping by example
of the Contextual Interaction
Framework
• controlling and measuring the
environment
• studying experiences
• supporting the researcher
!


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The Contextual Interaction Framework


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Motivation
• Conduct

user studies in the (simulated) target context
! Analyze the interplay of user interaction and selected
context parameters
! Change selected context parameters and adapt
interactive systems (following the ubiquitous
computing approach) to evaluate changes in user
behavior
!

• Rapid

prototyping

Speed up the development and configuration of interactive systems
and the simulated context in which they are applied.
! Reusing existing software components
!


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2

OSGi – Open Services Gateway initiative
• Multiplatform

(based on Java)
• Modularization using OSGi (Open Services Gateway
initiative)
!

Dynamic Module System:
• Enables configuration at runtime via bundles (plugin-like concept): load
and unload, start and stop  

Exchange data between modules via services that provide predefined
data types
!
! Configuration of the data flow using the wiring concept
!


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2

What can the Contextual Interaction Framework do
for us?
• Connect
measurement devices (sensors)
! interaction devices (e.g. Wii, Kinekt)
! actuators (e.g. switches, audio)
!

!
• Provide

a framework to dynamically

link the data measured or sensed to functionality (e.g. logging of
button presses, calculate activity level of a user)
! Set states of actuators based on manual switches or other sensor
data (e.g. switch a fan on if the user opens a window in a virtual
reality simulation)
! Compute and calculate states and data based on user activities
!

• Provide

us with an integrated environment for conducting
contextual UX studies


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CIF - Basic structure
Real World
Control
Module

Wizard Framework

- control the behaviour of
real world objects through
communication with the
interaction platform

integrates &
controls
Interaction
Framework

- start, stop simulation
- set scenes
- set parameters of
objects

controls

Wizard of Oz
Communication
Protocol


Sim. Control
Module

Visualization
Framework

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CIF - Basic structure
Real World
Control
Module

Wizard Framework

- control the behaviour of
real world objects through
communication with the
interaction platform

Sim. Control
Module

- start, stop simulation
- set scenes
- set parameters of
objects

WOz protocol
Control Module

Control Module

Interaction/
State Analyzer
PlugIns

Interaction
Framework

Visualization
Framework

Feedback
Generator
PlugIns

Scenario
Implementation

deﬁnes scenario

Object library
Agent library

Logging
Platform

Scene library

Visualisation
Sensor
1

Scree
nX

Actuat
or X

Sensor
2

Actuat
or X

Sensor
X

...

Audio Sim.

Ext. Interf.
Sim.

Tracking
System X input

Audio
X

represented through output devices
i.e. screens, speaker and other actuators

output - feedback

observation/
evaluation

logging may
enhance usability
evaluation and
analysis of the
particular data


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CIF Study Editor - GUI Concept
-

+

Library

IFW Study Editor: OG Study Setup
Align Diagram Zoom in

Inspector

Zoom out

Zoom fit

Bundle Library
All

Active

Bundle name
Producers / Sensors
RFID Reader
Distancesensor
Microphone

Status

Activity Meter

Distance Sensor

DB Logger

⚙

string

started
started

float

float

float

Consumers / Actuators
Converters

float
int

Datatype Converter
DB Analyzer
X
Y
Z
...

System bundles

DB Logger

Head Motion Analyser

Camera

⚙

string

raw image

raw image

string

float
int

Wizard

⚙

Wizard Data Converter

string

wzType
wzType

wzType

wzType

bool
int

wzType

Speaker
Wizard Data Converter

string

Light Sensor

bool

float

wzType

bool

float


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CIF Study Editor


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The Contextual Interaction Framework
HandsOn


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Prototyping a game-experience
• Starting

point: A pong game

What experience do we
want to design for?
Which context is relevant
for us when designing an
experience prototype?

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• Starting

point: A pong game

!
• Context:
A pong game
! Playing pong with another person
! alternative interaction modalities
and alternative devices
!

!
• Experience:
Haptic experiences (sliding vs.
touching vs. pressure vs. …)
! Social experiences
! Body-based experiences
!…
!


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• The

prototyping experience …

!
! Using sensors and actuators
• Arduinos (Arduino Library)
• Phidgets (Slider, Poti -> testing multiple modes)
• Android Connectivity Layer based on ConWIZ protocol
• Wii Controller (Controller for Pong)
• Connecting Actuators
• e.g. Light (Led or 220V)
Kinekt, Wii, …

Android


CIF Phidget Bundle

Arduino CIF Library

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• Design

Goals &
Guidelines
Focus on experiences:
! Social experiences
! Fun
! Immersion
!
!

• Prototyping

the
experience of a
contextual pong game

CIF Study Editor

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2

• Discussion:

!
What is the Experience Prototyping here?
! What is different?
! Did we experience a different prototyping experience?
! Did we reflect such in the prototype?
!


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The Contextual Wizard of Oz

2
• Connecting

Context and Wizard of Oz
• Rapid Prototyping
Simulation
! Observation
! Study support
!

• Configurable
• Mobile

Contextual Interaction Framework
Scenario
Conﬁguration /
Study Editor

Context
Simulation

CIF Core
Utilities
TCP

ConWIZ Server

Study Conﬁguration
WOz Protocol


WebServer
FileServer
DB Server

Network
Communication
Wizard UI

TCP

Ext. Context
Simulation
(3D App., etc.)

WOz Protocol
TCP

Mobile
Wizard
Mobile
Wizard

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ConWIZ Datatypes supported
• Supports
basic datatypes
! complex datatypes
!

• Extensible
• No

client-side
configuration needed


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ConWiz Protocol
Authentification
Connect, Disconnect,
Ping, Status, ...
Request
data
ConWiz Server

ConWiz Client

GET
Update
data
UPDATE

- Wizard of Prototyping Contextual Experience Prototyping
● Experience Oz - ConWiz- Protocol - Applying the ConWiz

SET
102
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2

ConWiz Protocol - Mobile Wizard
REG
Authentification
ACK
Monitor
data
Configure
Scenarios,
Control/
Manipulate
data


UPDATE

ACK
SET
ACK
102
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2

ConWiz Protocol: Authentification
Authentication

• Visualization

Framework
connects to Server
!

Connect - ACK

• Keep
!

alive signal

Ping - ACK

• Disconnect
!

ConWiz Client

ConWiz Server

CONTROL(CONNECT)
ACK
CONTROL(PING)
ACK
CONTROL(DISCONNECT)
ACK

Disconnect - ACK


102
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2 ConWiz Protocol: Authentification


102
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2

ConWiz Protocol: Transitive Commands
ConWiz Scenario: Authentication, Conﬁguration, Control
ConWiz Client

ConWiz Server

CONTR(CONNECT)
ACK

3D Visualization

register()
CONTR(CONNECT)

register()

SET(SCENARIOS)

ACK
SET(SCENARIOS)
ACK

ACK
CONTROL(PING)
ACK
UPDATE(WzObject)
ACK

UPDATE(WzObject)
ACK

CONTROL(DISCONNECT)
CONTROL(DISCONNECT)
ACK
ACK


102
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A Wizard of Oz Scenario
•A

configured scenario will be loaded
!

Based on the configuration the wizard server is configured

!
• The

CIF has the task to log the incoming commands for
evaluation purposes
• Further a CIF bundle provides a visualization to
experience the particular Wizard of Oz commands


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2

Prototyping in the real world context
• Starting

point

!

What experience do we
want to design for?
Which context is relevant
for us when designing an
experience prototype?

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• Starting

point

Interaction is usually done in one location.
! Performing dislocated interaction implies a number of experiences
based on the type, medium, feedback involved
! Experiencing colloborative interaction
!
! Experiences done while interacting dislocated, ad-hoc, in a realworld context come up with unpredictable implications
!
! The context of interaction is defined by
• The availability of a controller
• Intuitiveness and feedback
• the perception of the human 
with respect to his experiences
!


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• The

prototyping experience …

!
! Using mobile devices
• Phones, Tablets
• Ambient displays
!
! Sensors and actuators
• Accellerometer
• Light
• Vibra
• Location services
• Display
•…


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Prototyping the ambient …
• Android

Motion Controller

• CIF
Ambient Color Visualisation & Motion
! Communication
!

• Multiple
!

devices

cooperate & conquer

• Visual

experience
• Emotion - fun, mood, vibes, …


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Prototyping the ambient …
• Discussion:

!
What is the Experience Prototyping here?
! What is different?
! The context?
! Did we experience a different prototyping experience?
! Did we reflect such in the prototype?
!


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Lessons learned
• Focusing

on experiences when prototyping is the key issue to a

good UX
!
• Thinking

about the experiences I want to create with a prototype
effects the design process
!

• Tools

like the Contextual Interaction Framework allow to quickly
and dynamically create real-world prototypes that regard
!
(user) experiences
! in a specific context
! using particular contextual information
!

!

is not about designing for the user but  
creating experiences for the audience …

• It


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2

Feedback & Discussion

?


!92 / 102

2

Contextual Interaction Framework
• Java

based multi-platform
enabled framework
• OSGi Equinox
!
• Available for download as
!
Developer Library
! Standalone version
• Starts with CIF Study editor
! Mobile Android App
!

!
• Feel free to contact me for a preversion
!

it shall be available at the beginning
of 2014 as an open source framework
for allowing to conduct


102
!93 / / 23

2
• http://cif.hciunit.org

!
• Many

thank’s to

!
Martin Wuchse
! Michael Hummer
! Ondrej Polacek
!
! for contributing to the Contextual Interaction Framework
!


!94 / 102

● References
• Buchenau,

M., and Suri, J. F. Experience prototyping. In Proceedings of
the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes,
practices, methods, and techniques (2000), ACM, pp. 424–433.
• Arnowitz, J., Arent, M., and Berger, N. Effective Prototyping for Software
Makers. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA,
2006.
• Buxton, B. Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the
Right Design, first ed. Morgan Kaufmann, March 2007.
• Hassenzahl, M., Lai-Chong Law, E., and Hvannberg, E. User experience towards a unified view. In Proceedings of the The Second COST294MAUSE International Open Workshop: User Experience- Towards a
Unified View (2006), E. Law, E. Hvannberg, and M. Hassenzahl, Eds., pp.
1–3.
• Henry Dreyfuss. Designing for People. New York: Allworth Press, 1972


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* Contact
HCI & Usability Unit
ICT&S Center, University of Salzburg
Sigmund-Haffner Gasse 18

!
5020 Salzburg, Austria
hci-unit@icts.sbg.ac.at

!
!
!
Dr. Thomas Grill
thomas.grill@sbg.ac.at

Human Computer Interaction & Usability Unit

hci-unit@icts.sbg.ac.at

Contextual Experience Prototyping Tutorial

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