1. FUNDAMENTALS OF
PROGRAMMING
•SwitchCase and
•Looping Statement
By:Kristine Sonsing
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2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
•Programming
•Switch Case
The If – else Statement
If statement (two alternatives)
If statement (One-Alternatives)
How to save and run your statement
Five Programs that is related on switch case program
Output
•Looping Statement
The while Loop
The Do… While Loop
The For Loop
The Foreach Loop
Break and continue statement
Output
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4. Programming
We first define the word “programming”, it is a computer language
programmers use to develop applications, scripts, or other set of
instructions for a computer to execute.
programming is instructing a computer to do something for you
with the help of a programming language. The role of a programming
language can be described in two ways:
Technical: It is a means for instructing a Computer to perform Tasks
Conceptual: It is a framework within which we organize our ideas about
things and processes.
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5. As an individual, I have learned that programming is a very
broad because it composes many scripts, applications and
can be used to run a program that has been part of the
programming language.
A programming language should both provide
means to describe primitive data and procedures and
means to combine and abstract those into more complex
ones.
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6. The distinction between data and procedures is not
that clear cut. In many programming languages,
procedures can be passed as data (to be applied to
``real'' data) and sometimes processed like
``ordinary'' data. Conversely ``ordinary'' data can be
turned into procedures by an evaluation
mechanism.
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7. If we know how to write a C expression that is equivalent
of a question such as “Is resting the value of expression to
select a course of action. In C, the statement is the
primary selection control structure
Me: it’s hard to write c expression. So, I just copy and
paste it into internet.
A programming language is an artificial language
designed to communicate instructions to a machine,
particularly a computer. Programming languages can be
used to create programs that control the behavior of a
machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.
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8. At first, programming is confusing because you have so much to
understand about codes that will enable to run a program.
Programming has applications and program development, the best
example for this is the Internet browser…
Programming is a creative process done by programmers to
instruct a computer on how to do a task. Programming languages let
you use them in different ways, e.g adding numbers, etc… or storing
data on disk for later retrieval.
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9. You have to consider languages to run or write
your own program, most demanded language in
programming is the DEV C++ (a full-featured Integrated
Development Environment (IDE)).
C++ is one of the most used programming
languages in the world. Also known as "C with Classes".
New to programming or thinking about it? It might surprise
you to know that there are many programmers who
program just for fun and it can lead to a job.
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10. SWITCH CASE
- A switch, case, select or inspect statement is a type of selection control
mechanism that exists in most imperative programming languages such
as Pascal, Ada, C/C++, C#, Java, and so on. It is also included in several
other types of languages. Its purpose is to allow the value of a variable or
expression to control the flow of program execution via a multiway
branch (or "goto", one of several labels).
The Main Reason using switch case :
- To improve clarity, by reducing otherwise repetitive coding, and (if the
heuristics permit) also offering the potential for faster execution through
easier compiler optimization in many cases.
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11. PROGRAMS THAT IS RELATED TO SWITCH CASE
1. The If – else Statement
-The if statement allows the programmer to make
decisions within a program.
- The general format of an if statement is:
If (expression)
statement
-Where expression represents a relational, equality, or
logical expression ( conditional expression) .
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12. If statement (two alternatives)
Form:
If (condition) Note: if condition evaluates to true, then statement is
statement; executed and statement is skipped; otherwise, statement is
else skipped and statement is executed
statement;
If statement (One-Alternatives)
Form:
If (condition) Note: if condition evaluates to true, then statement is
statement; executed and statement is skipped
Format of the if statement
- All if statement examples in this text indent statements. The word else
Is typed without indention on a separate line. The format of the if statement
makes its meaning apparent and is used solely to improve program readability;
The format makes no difference to the computer
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13. There may be a situation when you need to execute
a block of code several number of times. In general
statements are executed sequentially: The first
statement in a function is executed first, followed by
the second, and so on.
Programming languages provide various control
structures that allow for more complicated
execution paths.
A loop statement allows us to execute a statement
or group of statements multiple times and following
is the general from of a loop statement in most of
the programming languages:
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14. HOW TO SAVE AND RUN YOUR STATEMENTS?
1. Open Dev C++
2. Click File and choose New
3. Post your Statements
4. after you post your statement
5. Save it .choose file and save or
6. click f9 or you can see it shaped like a square
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16. Link: http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/c/programming-
bbrown/c_028.htm
The above program uses a switch statement to validate and select upon
the users input choice, simulating a simple menu of choices.
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17. When it compiles and run, this will be it look .
The C expression that was type it on Dev C++
The words are “enter in two number 24”
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18. Link: http://www.morrowland.com/apron/tutorials/cpp/cp
p_switch_case/index.php
Example of Switch
Case Statement , you
Will see the statement
on the link that you see
in this slide.
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19. After I compile it and run it, the statement is now like this. As you
Can see after you answer the 1st question the next question appear
And after you finish all the question the box will disappear. It means finish.
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20. Link:
http://www.morrowland.com/apron/t
utorials/cpp/cpp_if_else/index.php
Function and target of
Programming language :
A computer programming
language is a language. used to
write computer programs, which
involve a computer performing
some kind of
computation or algorithm and
possibly control external devices
such as printers , disk drives
, robots, and so on.
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21. When the statement was done this will it be look like.
I got this from the URL . The URL was posted on the previous
slide
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23. Did You Know ?
All programming languages have some primitive building blocks for the
description of data and the processes or transformations applied to
them(like the addition of two numbers or the selection of an item from a
collection). These primitives are defined by syntactic and semantic rules
which describe their structure and meaning respectively.
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27. Looping
Statements
- Loops execute a block of code a specified number of times, or
while a specified condition is true.
- in PHP, the following looping statements are used:
*The while Loop
* The Do… While Loop
* The For Loop
*The Foreach Loop
*Break and continue statement
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28. THE WHILE LOOP
While structure is another type of loop statements,
where the condition is checked at first, the iteration
will not stop even if the value changes while executing
statements.
Form:
While(condition)
{
code to be executed;
}
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29. THE DO WHILE LOOP
Do while statement is same as the while statement
, the only difference is that it evaluates the
expression at the end.
Form:
do
{
code to be executed;
}
while (condition):
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30. THE FOR LOOP
The for loop is used when you know in advance how many
times the script should run.
Be for statement takes three expressions inside its
parentheses seperated by semi-colons. When the for loop
executes, the following occurs:
The initializing expression is executed. This expression
usually initializes oneor more loop counter, but the syntax
allow expression any degree of complexity.
The condition expression is evaluated. Of the value of
condition is true, the loop statements execute. If the value of
condition is false, the for loop terminates.
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31. Form:
for {initialization; condition:
increment )
{
code to be executed
}
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32. THE FOREACH LOOP
For Each structure is a loop structure used for arrays
Form:
foreach(array as value)
{
code to be executed
}
Foreach (array as key => value)
{
code to be executed
} http://www.slideshare.net/ilakkiya/looping-statement
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33. THE BREAK STATEMENT
Break ends the execution of the for, for each, while,
do-while or switch statement.
Form:
* Break ( optional numeric argument)
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34. THE CONTINUE STATEMENT
“Continue” is used to skip the current loop iteration and
continue with the next iteration of the loop. But “Break”
is to exit from the whole loop.
Form:
* Break ( optional numeric argument)
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46. In Partial fulfillment of requirements in
Fundamental of Programming
Submitted to : Prof. Erwin Globio
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Submitted by:
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